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Confidential, Attestable, and Efficient Inter-CVM Communication with Arm CCA
No full textConfidential Virtual Machines (CVMs) are increasingly adopted to protect sensitive workloads from privileged adversaries such as the hypervisor. While they provide strong isolation guarantees, existing CVM architectures lack first-class mechanisms for inter-CVM data sharing due to their disjoint memory model, making inter-CVM data exchange a performance bottleneck in compartmentalized or collaborative multi-CVM systems. Under this model, a CVM\u27s accessible memory is either shared with the hypervisor or protected from both the hypervisor and all other CVMs. This design simplifies reasoning about memory ownership; however, it fundamentally precludes plaintext data sharing between CVMs because all inter-CVM communication must pass through hypervisor-accessible memory, requiring costly encryption and decryption to preserve confidentiality and integrity. In this paper, we introduce CAEC, a system that enables protected memory sharing between CVMs. CAEC builds on Arm Confidential Compute Architecture (CCA) and extends its firmware to support Confidential Shared Memory (CSM), a memory region securely shared between multiple CVMs while remaining inaccessible to the hypervisor and all non-participating CVMs. CAEC\u27s design is fully compatible with CCA hardware and introduces only a modest increase (4%) in CCA firmware code size. CAEC delivers substantial performance benefits across a range of workloads. For instance, inter-CVM communication over CAEC achieves up to 209x reduction in CPU cycles compared to encryption-based mechanisms over hypervisor-accessible shared memory. By combining high performance, strong isolation guarantees, and attestable sharing semantics, CAEC provides a practical and scalable foundation for the next generation of trusted multi-CVM services across both edge and cloud environments
The Little Book of Joy: Tiny Ways to Infuse Delight into Teaching and Learning
Get PDFWe do our best work when we\u27re having fun. And the world needs our best work, so we owe it to the universe to bring joy into what we do.
As teachers, we know that a joyful learning environment helps students thrive. We know that fun is an important catalyst of-not a distraction from-the rigorous work of teaching and learning.
A growing body of research supports this intuition, showing that joy helps with focus, creativity, problem-solving, teamwork, perseverance in the face of challenges, and much more. By inducing the release of happy hormones (endorphins, dopamine, oxytocin, and serotonin), activities and environments that spark joy have significant cognitive benefits for learners.
Collected here are lots of little ideas for how we can all infuse a little more joy into our work. Each activity that comes from an educator who has tried it in their classroom, but these ideas can be implemented far beyond traditional academic settings: to professional conferences, workshops, organizational leadership, family gatherings, and more.
Edited and illustrated by Eugene Korsunskiy, with contributions from various authors (named within)
Skyline Sketches: A Journey through the Boundary Waters
Get PDFA man who has never canoed paddles through Minnesota’s Boundary Waters
Theatricality of the Ephemeral: Media of Surplus and Spectatorship in Liang Dynasty (南朝梁, 502-557) Palace-style Poetry and Hou Hsiao-hsien’s A City of Sadness (1989)
No full textThis essay focuses on the mediation of spectatorship experience by “ephemeral media” in Liang Dynasty (南朝梁, 502-557) palace-style poetry and Hou Hsiao-hsien’s film A City of Sadness (1989). Drawing from Alexander Galloway’s “the interface effects” in new media studies, I investigate how the diegetic “ephemeral media” in these two texts, such as dust, candlelight, silence, and writing, function as opaque interfaces that complicate spectatorship. I examine spectatorship experience from the angle of ephemeral media by looking at how they direct spectators’ attention from the world of representations to processes of mediation. Transplanting Xiaofei Tian’s notion of the “surplus” in her discussion of Liang palace-style poetry within the use of literature in classical Chinese literary thought into my context of media and spectatorship, I pinpoint the ephemeral media in their “surplus” existence in time, space, and in the interface of representational media – their ephemerality sustained by synesthetic and intermedial interactions in spectatorship. In doing so, I argue that their excessive ephemerality in the interface between the spectator and the mediated world creates a theatrical friction in the closed world of representations. What then distinguishes ephemeral media from the representational function of media is that with ephemeral media, affects for the spectator arise from the processes of mediation rather than representations themselves
Between Word and World: Textual Space in Modern Sephardic Literature
No full textIn the context of modern Sephardic literature, this paper defines “textual space” as the narrative’s self-conscious arrangement of its own textual elements such as time, space, and language to negotiate a position vis-à-vis the nation-state that is neither fully subsumed within nor completely outside of it. Textual spaces neither conform to the nation state’s borders even though they write from it, nor to nationalist temporalities as they continue a narrative thread that reaches back to 15th-century Spain. Through Myriam Moscona’s Tela de sevoya (2012) and Mario Levi’s Istanbul Was a Fairytale (1999), this paper investigates how textual spaces are deliberately created to mirror the spatial, temporal and linguistic dimensions of Sephardic literary imaginary and historical consciousness. Constructed through and within language, textual spaces also act as exploration sites for Judeo-Spanish’s linguistic status in contemporary texts: silently visible or loudly invisible. Methodologically, textual spaces call for a close reading attuned to the insights of distant reading, and a distant reading that is capable of strategically shifting into proximity when necessary. As such, this paper positions textual spaces in the gap that emerges between the shifting scales of the word and the world
Redeeming the Amazon: Development Discourses and Imaginaries in Manaus, Brazil
Get PDFIn 1957, the Brazilian government approved Law No.1310, establishing a free port in the city of Manaus, the capital of the state of Amazonas. Politicians at the time argued that such a project was essential to help mitigate the unfortunate economic circumstances the state faced due to its geographical isolation. Ten years later, the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil expanded that mission through Decree No.288, thus creating what is now known as the Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM, Free Trade Zone, or FTZ), an area with a series of fiscal incentives to foment industrialization in the Amazon region. The Zona Franca aimed to bring development to that area, then seen as an empty and miserable space ripe for intervention. The goal of this study is to better understand the geopolitical and internal conditions that enabled government officials to create such a narrative to justify development, as well as the specific tools they utilized to understand, depict, and manage the Amazon region. Specifically, this thesis examines the emergence of development discourse during the Cold War and the frameworks for economic policy it created, as well as how the Amazon was discursively transformed into an empty space ripe for development. The key question driving this thesis is: what discourses and depictions of the Brazilian Amazon were used to justify the creation of the Zona Franca de Manaus? The Zona Franca project and the push for “civilizing” the Amazon more broadly help illustrate that development discourse becomes a reality and then justifies further intervention over time, even across different groups on the political spectrum
Determinants of reactive oxygen species-induced conidial cell death in Aspergillus fumigatus
No full textAspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous mold found in the environment. However, this mold can also cause a life-threatening infection termed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). IPA is caused by defects in innate immune cell function which lead to an inability of the host to clear inhaled conidia, resulting in unchecked fungal growth in the lung. The ability of myeloid cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for immunity against A. fumigatus. While the importance of host-generated ROS is clear, what determines conidial viability against ROS insult is largely unknown. In this dissertation, we provide insight into the factors that contribute to viability and death of A. fumigatus conidia during ROS and leukocyte stress. We identify a role for A. fumigatus cytochrome c in susceptibility to conidial cell death induced by exogenous ROS and leukocytes. Additionally, we identify the A. fumigatus p-21 activated kinase pakA as a mediator of susceptibility to conidial cell death from ROS and leukocytes. Using comparative phosphoproteomics, we identify that phosphorylation of substrates associated with autophagy and peroxisome function are pakA-dependent during H2O2 exposure. The data provided in this dissertation give insight into the nature of how fungi control viability in response to ROS at a critical point of immunity that determines infection outcomes