E-Journal Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens-LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences / Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia)
Not a member yet
573 research outputs found
Sort by
POTENCY AND CHALLENGES IN THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF BIOETHANOL FIRST AND SECOND GENERATION IN INDONESIA
Full text linkThis article introduces the current status of bioethanol commercialization in Indonesia. The review includes government policy and technical approach of bioethanol production regarding its efficient production methods. Molasses is the only first generation’s bioethanol raw material that is used for commercialization so far. Its potency is about 1.3 to 1.6 million tons a year and only 30 to 40 percent is used for bioethanol production. Meanwhile, a second-generation bioethanol pilot plant has been established and is still being optimized to improve its effectiveness. Currently, there is no report for the consumption of bioethanol for fuel even though there is a regulation from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12/2015 for using 5 percent ethanol (E5) as a gasoline blending in the year 2020. Recently, Pertamina, a national energy company, has taken the initiative to launch the A20 (alcohol 20 percent that consists of 15 percent methanol and 5 percent ethanol) to overcome the still-high price of ethanol. Besides fuel grade ethanol (FGE), industrial grade ethanol (IGE) consumption was about 100 million liters in 2019. Second generation bioethanol potency is about five million liters only from 44 million tons of oil palm empty fruit bunch yearly. The production of bioethanol, both first and second generations, is still promising in the future
FENOLOGI PERBUNGAAN DAN PEMBUAHAN SERTA PERKECAMBAHAN BIJI Syzygium hirtum (Korth.) Merr. & L. M. Perry DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR
Full text linkInformation on phenology and germination of Syzygium hirtum (Korth.) Merr. & Perry L. M. has never been reported. Therefore, this study is very important for its conservation and to improve our knowledge of the species. This study was conducted in two stages, i.e. observation (2018) and research (January 2019 – May 2020). This study aims to understand the phenology of flowering and fruiting, and also to evaluate the seed germination of S. hirtum in Bogor Botanic Gardens. Two plant collections are located in block V.B.151 and V.B.189 were monitored periodically. The 2–10 inflorescences on each plant were observed and their stage and condition were recorded. Flowering and fruiting times were evaluated and compared with environmental factors, such as precipitation, temperature, and humidity. The results indicate that flowering and fruiting times of S. hirtum take place from August to May with the peak of flowering in September to November. The flowering phase occurs in March–July and September–May when rainfall increases. Likewise, increases in temperature and humidity likely to initiate the first flowering. Young fruits emerge in November–December and the fruits ripen in February–March. The flower–fruit development process takes 95–105 days. The percentage of seed germination ranges 50–85,7%. The germination type of S. hirtum is hypogeal, time needed for germination is 24–46 days, the seeds produce both normal germination and polyembryony, and axillary shoots emerged from the main stem of the seedling.Informasi mengenai fenologi dan perkecambahan biji Syzygium hirtum (Korth.) Merr. & Perry L. M. belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian mengenai dua aspek ekofisiologi ini akan sangat bermanfaat untuk tujuan konservasi dan melengkapi pengetahuan ekologi jenis ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fenologi perbungaan dan pembuahan dan mengevaluasi perkecambahan biji S. hirtum di Kebun Raya Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu tahap observasi pada 2018 dan penelitian pada Januari 2019–Mei 2020. Sampel yang diamati dan dimonitor secara periodik adalah koleksi yang berlokasi di Vak V.B.151 dan V.B.189. Sebanyak masing-masing 2–10 perbungaan per tanaman diamati dan dicatat perkembangannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musim berbunga dan berbuah koleksi S. hirtum di Kebun Raya Bogor terjadi pada Agustus–Mei dengan puncak berbunga pada September–November. Fase perbungaan menunjukkan perkembangan mulai dari kuncup sampai bunga mekar terjadi pada Maret–Juli dan September–Mei saat curah hujan meningkat. Suhu dan kelembapan menunjukkan pola yang mirip terutama pada bulan September. Musim buah muda terjadi pada November–Desember, dan fase buah masak pada Februari–Maret. Proses perkembangan mulai dari munculnya kuncup perbungaan sampai buah masak memerlukan waktu selama 95–105 hari. Persentase perkecambahan sebesar 50-85,7%. Tipe perkecambahan hipogeal, waktu yang diperlukan untuk berkecambah 24–46 hari, perkecambahan normal–poliembrioni, dan tunas cabang muncul pada batang utama semai
ETNOBOTANI ROTAN JERNANG (Calamus spp.) PADA MASYARAKAT SAROLANGUN, JAMBI
Full text linkJernang rattan (Calamus spp.) is an essential source of income for the people of Seko Besar and Taman Bandung Villages, who live near natural forests in Sarolangun Regency, Jambi. The skin of jernang fruit contains red resin, which has high economic value as a raw material for medicines and natural dyes. This study aimed to explore the biodiversity of the species of jernang in these regions, examine the differences of each species, uses, traditional processing of jernang resin, conservation efforts, use and cultural values. The method used was direct interviews based on specific criteria (snowball sampling) to 40 respondents, participatory observation, and documentation. Use values were calculated using Use Value (UV), and cultural values were calculated using the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). The research result showed four species of jernang in Seko Besar and Taman Bandung Villages, namely Calamus draco Willd. (jernang rambai), C. micracanthus Griff. (jernang kelamuai), C. maculatus (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker (jernang bengkarung), and C. didymophyllus (Becc.) Ridl. (jernang burung). The jernang was traditionally used as medicine for several diseases and handicrafts. The community carried out conservation and cultivation by planting jernang in rubber gardens around the house yard and harvesting the fruit without damaging the parent plants. The highest UV value was 1 in C. draco and C. micracanthus and the lowest was 0.85 in C. maculatus. The ICS value of C. draco and C. micracanthus were 18 while, C. didymophyllus and C. maculatus were 2.5.Rotan jernang (Calamus spp.) merupakan salah satu sumber penghasilan yang penting bagi masyarakat Desa Seko Besar dan Taman Bandung yang bermukim di dekat hutan alam di Kabupaten Sarolangun, Jambi. Kulit buah jernang mengandung resin merah yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi karena bermanfaat sebagai bahan baku obat dan pewarna alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi jenis-jenis jernang di daerah tersebut, mengkaji perbedaan dari setiap jenis, mengetahui pemanfaatan, cara pengolahan resin jernang secara tradisional, upaya pelestarian dan mengetahui nilai guna dan nilai budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara langsung berdasarkan kriteria tertentu (snowball sampling) terhadap 40 responden, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi. Nilai guna dihitung dengan menggunakan Use Value (UV) dan nilai nilai budaya dihitung dengan menggunakan Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan empat jenis-jenis jernang di Desa Seko Besar dan Taman Bandung yaitu Calamus draco Willd. (jernang rambai), C. micracanthus Griff. (jernang kelamuai), C. maculatus (J.Dransf.) W.J.Baker (jernang bengkarung), dan C. didymophyllus (Becc.) Ridl. (jernang burung). Pemanfaatan jernang secara tradisional oleh masyarakat yaitu sebagai obat untuk menyembuhkan beberapa penyakit dan bahan kerajinan tangan. Upaya pelestarian dan budidaya yang oleh masyarakat yaitu dengan menanam jernang pada kebun karet di sekitar pekarangan rumah dan pemanenan buah yang tidak merusak tanaman induknya. Nilai UV tertinggi terdapat pada jenis C. draco dan C. micracanthus yaitu 1,00 dan terendah C. maculatus yaitu 0,85. Nilai ICS rotan jernang C. draco dan C. micracanthus yaitu 18, sedangkan C. didymophyllus dan C. maculatus yaitu 2,5
A-AMYLASE STABILITIES OF Lactobacillus satsumensis EN 38-32 AND Fructobacillus fructosus EN 17-20 AT STORAGE TEMPERATURES AND TIMES
No full textLactic acid bacteria produce a-amylase which is used in food and nutraceutical products. This study aims to detect a-amylase stabilities of Lactobacillus satsumensis EN 38-32 and Fructobacillus fructosus EN 17-20 at storage temperatures and times. The stabilities of a-amylase were determined at 4°C and -20°C, and storage times of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The DNS method was used to test a-amylase activity. The relative activity of a-amylase >= 50% was expressed as a-amylase activity in stable conditions. Data were analyzed by standard deviation with three replications. The results showed that the a-amylase stabilities of L. satsumensis EN 38-32 and Fr. fructosus EN 17-20 at storage temperatures decreased with increasing storage times. The longer the storage times, the lower the a-amylase stabilities. The relative activities of L. satsumensis EN 38-32 a-amylase at storage temperatures for 7- 28 days were in the range of 72.79-93.70% and 72-89.18%, while Fr. fructosus EN 17-20 at 56.69-93.11% and 56.70-93.11%.
Based on the a-amylase stabilities, it was concluded that Fr. fructosus EN 17-20 produced better a-amylase than L. satsumensis EN 38-32. So, it is recommended to use Fr. fructosus EN 17-20 to produce a-amylase as a biocatalyst rather than L. satsumensis EN 38-32
THE ROLE OF GENOME EDITING TO BOOST BIOECONOMY SIGNIFICANTLY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN IN-DONESIA
Full text linkDecreasing in quantity and quality of land including available land for crop cultivations leads to many efforts to develop appropriate technology for genetic improvement through biotechnology approach. A novel trending tools to perform genetic modification intensively discussed is genome editing, which is developing rapidly. By applying genome editing, many researches have been performed successfully to improve the genetic trait of organism by modification of DNA with no traces of foreign gene in the final products. There are research reports concerning the development of climate-compatible crops, high productivity, high quality and specific trait for animals and fish, effective and specifically targeted biocatalytic processes by using microorganism, health-promoting foodstuffs and environmentally friendly production using genome editing approach. The genome editing approach will be an important alternative for modern breeding, which is different to the existing GMO technologies, which has already been developed for almost 30 years. Many assessments concluded that genome editing will catalyze important innovations in the bioeconomy. This paper will discuss about the global trends of genome editing and the opportunity and challenge faced in Indonesia. Moreover, it will also discuss the roles of the existing regulations and how they adapt to respond to this new technology
Barkoding DNA belimbing liar dan hubungan interspesifik marga Averrhoa berdasarkan daerah inti Internal Transcribed Spacer dan trnL-F
Full text linkTwo species of wild starfruit (Averrhoa dolichocarpa Rugayah & Sunarti and Averrhoa leucopetala Rugayah & Sunarti) were described as new species in 2008. Further research has been carried out on those species related to their flowering, phenology, and phytochemical analysis . However, there has been no DNA barcode available for these wild starfruits. DNA barcode is important for sharing information for identification purposes and understanding the interspecific relationships of Averrhoa. This study sequenced the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and the plastid trnL-F regions. These two regions differentiated the two species of wild Averrhoa from one another, as well as from A. carambola and A. bilimbi. Nevertheless, the markers were unable to distinguish A. bilimbi from A. carambola. The results of the phylogenetic study showed that Averrhoa is a distinct monophyletic group. The trnL-F and ITS markers could not be used as DNA barcodes for the genus Averrhoa.Dua jenis belimbing liar (Averrhoa dolichocarpa Rugayah & Sunarti dan Averrhoa leucopetala Rugayah & Sunarti) telah dideskripsikan sebagai jenis baru pada tahun 2008. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang pembungaan dan fenologi serta analisis fitokimia telah dilakukan terhadap kedua jenis tersebut. Namun demikian, belum ada data barkoding DNA yang tersedia untuk kedua jenis belimbing liar tersebut. Ketersediaan data barkoding DNA yang dapat diakses secara terbuka penting untuk tujuan identifikasi dan memahami hubungan interspesifik marga Averrhoa. Dalam penelitian ini, kami mengurutkan daerah inti Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) dan trnL-F. Kedua daerah ini dapat digunakan untuk membedakan kedua jenis belimbing liar dan membedakannya dari A. carambola dan A. bilimbi. Namun, kedua daerah penanda ini tidak bisa digunakan untuk membedakan A. carambola dari A. bilimbi. Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa Averrhoa merupakan kelompok taksa yang monofiletik. Marka ITS dan trnL-F tidak dapat digunakan sebagai barkoding DNA untuk marga Averrhoa
POTENSI DAN NUTRISI RUKAM MANIS (Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeush)
Full text linkRukam manis or sweet rukam (Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeush. belongs to Salicaceae family. It is small tropical fruit tree, deciduous and is native to India and South East Asia. This plant is usually used as a fruit plant, ornamental plant, wood plant, as well as for traditional medicine. It contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides and ascorbic acid. Moreover, this species possesses a great potential for pharmacological activity and can be used in therapeutic purposes. Seeds propagation is commonly used
STRUKTUR ANATOMI DAN DIFERENSIASI BATANG Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L.M. Perry
Full text linkMyrmecodia pendens Merr. & L.M.Perry (Rubiaceae) is one of the ant plants, having a unique stem resembles a tuber. Morphology of the tuber is closely related to anatomical structure of stem differentiation with the cavities pattern. This study aimed to determine the development of M. pendens stem cells during the differentiation process, observe the anatomical structure of tubers, and its cavities pattern. The anatomical slides of the stem differentiation from five early phases were made by the paraffin method. The results showed that differentiation occurs in the cortical parenchyma near the bundle vessels and the parenchyma cells turned into phellogen cells. The activity of these phellogen cells causes the lysis of M. pendens stem cells then form cavities, the cells differentiate, and the stem swelling into tubers. The cavity pattern of M. pendens with habitat in the mountainous is a cavity formed from the basal part of the tuber with one opening then extends to the shoot area and branches to form a chamber. M. pendens stem cells from outside to inside as follows: phellem, phellogen, phelloderm, inner surface cells of the cavity in the form of phellem in the first cavity, and wart cells in the branching chambers. This research needs to continue related to the anatomical pattern of the formation of the second cavity and so on, as well as the influence of ant interactions on the form of differentiation of M. pendens stem.Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L.M.Perry (Rubiaceae) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan sarang semut yang mempunyai morfologi batang yang unik seperti umbi. Morfologi umbi berkaitan erat dengan struktur anatomi batang yang berdiferensiasi dengan pola rongganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan sel-sel batang M. pendens selama proses diferensiasi dan mengamati struktur anatomi umbi beserta pola rongganya. Slide anatomi sel umbi dari lima fase perkembangan awal diferensiasi batang M. pendens dibuat dengan metode parafin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya diferensiasi yang terjadi pada parenkim korteks dekat berkas pembuluh dan sel-sel parenkim berubah menjadi sel-sel felogen. Aktivitas sel-sel felogen menyebabkan sel-sel penyusun batang M. pendens lisis lalu membentuk rongga, sel-selnya berdiferensiasi, dan terjadi pembesaran organ menjadi umbi. Pola rongga M. pendens dengan habitat di dataran tinggi yaitu rongga terbentuk dari bagian basal umbi dengan satu lubang pembukaan, kemudian meluas hingga ke arah pucuk dan bercabang membentuk ruang rongga. Sel-sel penyusun batang M. pendens dari luar ke dalam yaitu felem, felogen, feloderm, sel permukaan dalam rongga berupa felem pada rongga pertama, dan sel-sel kutil pada percabangan ruang rongga. Penelitian ini dapat dilanjutkan terkait pola anatomi pembentukan rongga kedua dan seterusnya serta pengaruh interaksi semut terhadap diferensiasi batang M. pendens
AUTEKOLOGI Gonystylus macrophyllus (Miq.) Airy Shaw DAN G. velutinus Airy Shaw DI KELOMPOK HUTAN SUNGAI LIPAI-PELALAWAN, RIAU
Full text linkA study on autecology of Gonystylus macrophyllus (Miq.) Airy Shaw and G. velutinus Airy Shaw was carried out in Lipai river forest group- Pelalawan, Riau in April 2019. This study aimed to determine the diversity, stand structure, regeneration, and association of G. macrophyllus and G. velutinus in the Lipai river forest group-Pelalawan , Riau. Data collection used a square plot of 100 x 100m (1 ha), divided into 25 sub-plots of 20 x 20m. The results showed that G. macrophyllus and G. velutinus were found at altitudes between 200-240 m above sea level, on hillsides with a rather steep topography of >10% and spread in groups. The vegetation composition around the G. macrophyllus and G. veutinus were comprised of Pentaspadon motleyii Hook.f. (Important Value Index/IVI = 21.2%), Nephelium lappaceum L. (IVI = 12.66%) and Ochanostahys amentacea Mast. (IVI = 11.42%). Pentaspadon motleyii associated with Gonystylus spp. was the strongest, this is indicated by the Ochiai index of 0.63; followed by Gironiera subaequalis Planch. (Ochiai index 0.55) and Trigoniastrum hypoleucum Miq. (Ochiai index 0.51). The natural regeneration of G. macrophyllus and G. velutinus in the research location was not normal, since no seedlings level were found, the level of saplings were greater than trees, and the presence of this species was difficult to find in the forest.Penelitian autekologi Gonystylus macrophyllus dan G. velutinus telah dilakukan di kelompok hutan Sungai Lipai-Sungai Pelalawan, Riau pada bulan April 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, struktur tegakan, regenerasi, dan asosiasi pohon G. macrophyllus dan G. velutinus di kelompok hutan Sungai Lipai-Sungai Pelalawan, Riau. Pengumpulan data menggunakan plot bujur sangkar ukuran 100 x 100m (1 ha), dibagi menjadi 25 sub plot ukuran 20 x 20m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa G. macrophyllus dan G. velutinus dijumpai pada ketinggian antara 200 – 240 m dpl., di lereng bukit dengan topografi agak curam pada >10%, dan berkelompok. Komposisi vegetasi di sekitar pohon Gonystylus spp. yaitu pelajau (Pentaspadon motleyii Hook.f.) (INP= 21,2%), rambutan hutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) (INP= 12,66%) dan petatal (Ochanostahys amentacea Mast.) (INP= 11,42%). Jenis yang berasosiasi paling kuat dengan G. macrophyllus dan G. velutinus adalah Pentaspadon motleyii, yang ditunjukkan oleh indeks Ochiai sebesar 0,63; diikuti Gironiera subaequalis Planch. (indeks Ochiai 0,55) dan jenis Trigoniastrum hypoleucum Miq. (indeks Ochiai 0,51). Regenerasi alami G. macrophyllus dan G. velutinus di lokasi penelitian tidak normal dimana tingkat semai tidak dijumpai, tingkat belta/pancang lebih besar dari pohon, dan keberadaan jenis ini sulit dijumpai di hutan
Inventarisasi Jenis-jenis Anggrek Berpotensi Obat Koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor dan Upaya Konservasi secara In Vitro
Full text linkOrchids are better known as ornamental plants, both as ornamental plants in pots and as cut flowers. In Indonesia, the use of orchids as medicinal plants is less well known and the data are still limited. The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of the Bogor Botanical Gardens orchid collection in the collection greenhouse also to take inventory of potential medicinal species, as well as ex-situ conservation efforts of these orchids in the form of orchids seed storage, and in vitro propagation efforts that carried out continuously. Data collection of orchids in the collection greenhouse to 2019 shows that there are 106 genera, 589 species, and 7759 specimens of orchids which have been collected from flora expedition activities andalso the donations from orchid collectors. The results of the inventory showed that 33 species had medicinal potential, 13 species had their seeds stored as germplasm collection in the form of seed banks, then 12 species has been propagated then acclimatized in the greenhouse.Anggrek lebih dikenal sebagai tanaman hias, baik sebagai tanaman hias dalam pot maupun sebagai bunga potong. Di Indonesia, pemanfaatan anggrek sebagai tanaman obat masih kurang dikenal dan datanya masih terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi anggrek koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor di dalam Rumah Kaca Koleksi dan juga melakukan inventarisasi jenis anggrek berpotensi obat, serta upaya konservasi ex-situ anggrek tersebut dalam bentuk penyimpanan biji anggrek dan upaya perbanyakan secara in vitro yang dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Pengumpulan data anggrek di rumah kaca koleksi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 106 marga, 589 jenis, dan 7759 spesimen anggrek yang berhasil dikumpulkan dari kegiatan eksplorasi flora serta sumbangan dari para kolektor anggrek. Hasil inventarisasi menunjukkan bahwa 33 jenis anggrek koleksi berpotensi obat dan 13 jenis disimpan bijinya sebagai upaya konservasi ex-situ dalam bentuk bank biji, kemudian 12 jenis telah diperbanyak untuk lebih lanjut diaklimatisasi di rumah kaca