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The principle of reasonableness in the legislation on contract system of Russia and the USA: some interpretation issues
Get PDFThis article represents and defines the concept and criteria for filling the category of "reasonableness" as a special valuation concept, widely used in the legislation on contract system in the Russian Federation and other countries, in particular the USA. Clarification of its essence is of great importance for the purpose of applying this legal category in lawmaking and law enforcement activities, first of all, to achieve maximum effectiveness of the operation of legal norms and observance of the principle of fair competition in concluding and executing contracts aimed at satisfying the public needs.The general methodological basis was formed by the general scientific (dialectical) method of cognition, comparative, logical methods that allowed considering the problems of the development of civil legislation in the sphere of satisfying the state and municipal needs.We presented and analyzed the theoretical studies of scientists in this field, as well as the latest judicial practice of Russia. We proposed to reform the current federal law of the Russian Federation on the contract system
Evaluation of the effect of internal audit on the performance of branches of National Bank of Zahedan
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of internal audit on the performance of the Melli bank branches of Zahedan. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this research includes all 322 employees in Zahedan City in 2017, that by using random sampling, 135 people were selected as the sample and internal audit inventory questionnaire and organizational performance questionnaire Hersey and Goldsmith were performed on them. This research is a causal and comparative study and the data collection tool is a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient of independent t-distribution and the research hypotheses were analyzed. Findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between employee audit, employees\u27 ability and personnel discipline, customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction, organizational behavior, and individual development of employees. Improvement in internal accounting also improves organizational performance
El cambio organizacional ¿una estrategia frente a la globalización?
Get PDFLa globalización es un proceso económico y social que ha inducido transformaciones relevantes en el funcionamiento y desempeño de las organizaciones. En efecto, se promueve la conformación de nuevas formas organizativas caracterizadas fundamentalmente por su flexibilidad para adaptarse a los cambios generados en el contexto global. En esta orientación, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los cambios organizacionales que han inducido el paso de las organizaciones burocráticas hacia organizaciones vivientes, como estrategia que permite el mejoramiento del desempeño de estas formas organizativas en el contexto global. La metodología utilizada, se basó en un diseño bibliográfico de los fundamentos teóricos relacionados con la globalización, las organizaciones burocráticas, las organizaciones vivientes, así como el cambio organizacional. Las conclusiones de la investigación revelan, los principales cambios experimentados por las organizaciones en el contexto de la globalización, las cuales han comenzado a fundamentar su desarrollo en nuevos modelos de gestión para conformar organizaciones vivientes caracterizadas por su flexibilidad y apertura para adaptarse a los cambios del contexto, la estructura horizontal y la importancia de la innovación como base del cambio organizacional desde este punto de vista la contabilidad necesita dar un giro en el área de control interno por la evolución de las organizaciones y sus componentes
The place of the russian legislation in the modern legal systems
Get PDFThe article reviews the leading modern legal systems. Their main features as well as advantages and disadvantages were identified. The article notes the existence of conditions for competition between legal systems, that, eventually, leads to a rapprochement between them on the basic parameters. The Russian law, by its characteristics, is referred to the continental legal family. The analysis of the key directions in the development of economic legislation reveals, at the same time, a tendency to penetrate the Anglo-Saxon legal institutions into the Russian legal system
Pathology of Teaching-Learning Process with Emphasis on Creativity of Students
Get PDFWith regard to this issue that progress and growth of any society directly are arising from those activities which are done by manager and teachers, school has the important and very vital role in training the initiator, creative and committed force and with regard to this issue that schools differ from each other quantitatively and qualitatively, nowadays, in the discussions of educational planning, the subject of creativity and teaching-learning process has special place. With regard to the importance of the subject, the aim of this paper is pathology of teaching-learning process with emphasis on creativity of students. This paper is from the theoretical type and in order to collect the information, the library method is used. The studies showed that the relational methods of teachers with students are as an effective factor on learning and teaching of students. The methods arising from teaching of teachers also can influence on learning and teaching process of students. There is much diversity in teaching methods and the teachers have found out more importance of process in comparison with product. The teachers know that the method of student learning is important as much as teaching content. This movement emphasizes on process and forms a part of the process of using the learning activities. The learning activities demand the active partnership of students. Partnership causes more understanding, better skill and learning transmission and influences on motivation and attitude to the learning so much
The Feasibility of Criminalization of Refusing to Save a Suicide in Jurisprudence and Criminal law of Iran
Get PDFAlthough the “suicide” and the mere fact of committing it, following the established and accepted principles of criminal law, like the principle of “the legality of crime and punishment”, does not have a criminal description and does not warrant punishment. However, the investigation and feasibility of criminalization in the “realm” of this behavior, such as the “refusal to help a suicide who has been survived” or “someone at risk of suicide”, will not be in conflict with the principles and frameworks in the field of criminalization- in particular, when the attention of Iranian legislator is towards ethics, the necessity of social correlation and, most importantly, the preservation of human dignity in addressing the crime entitled “refusing to help the injured and eliminating the soul dangers” with a few years old is as a kind of criminal act in the form of nonfeasance. In particular, since in the considered single article that is towards the victim in order to determine a task for abandoner is limited to the dangers arising from committing various offenses by people other than the victim, and the use of the single article includes those who are victimized by their fault and even if they express regret and ask for help or infer to a change of decision, in the case the person at the risk of committing suicide, commit crime in the form of suicide by someone else, the necessity of criminalizing the innocent person”™s behavior is completely rational and at the same time consistent with the judicial fairness and equity. Therefore, in this article and with the assumption that the refusal to assist such people is crime, the elements and then the various punishments are addressed after the structural analysis of the crime
A comparison of extraversion, introversion and sensation seeking scale to addicts and non-addicts
Get PDFGenetic and the environment have significant influences on behavior and personality. Personality is behavior patterns and ways of thinking which determine adaptability to environment (Atkinson.by Karimi 2004). As Jung ´ view, personality divides into extraversion and introversion types. Personality psychology can be useful in preventing disorders specially personality disorders (Azizi 2002). Addiction is one of disorders and dangerous behaviors which these days researchers are studying and investigating. Addiction and personality have mutual relation, according to Eysenck ´ s theory sensation seeking can be a factor which tends to high-risk behaviors such as addiction . sensation seeking is a personality trait defined by the search for experiences and feelings, that are “ varied , novel, complex and intense” , and by the readiness to “ take physical, social, legal, and financial risks for the sake of such experiences.”( Santrock 2004) People who re high sensation seekers involve into drugs and alcoholic drinks more than others. This research is an ex post facto research, The volume of community is 30 thousand and measure of addicts are about 3 thousands people. The sample includes 100 people which 50 addicts and 50 non-addicts. This research attempts to find the effects and consequences of addiction to have best social reactions on it
Examination of the status of the official document setting in car transfers from the point of view of the interpretation of the rules
Get PDFThe review of the status of car registration in car transfers from the point of view of the interpretation of the laws has become a controversial discussion in the field of public services between law enforcement and non-law enforcement agencies. On one hand, legal experts, according to the law, believe that the registration of a car document should only be done at the notary office; On the other hand, the police according to the law that obligates the owners of vehicles that before transferring any car to a registered office they have to go to notary office centers and decide to remove or install the license plate; It is considered a sufficient criterion for the issuance of documentary evidence to car owners and says since any government document is a documentary evidence, therefore, these certificates are legally valid and are considered official documents. In this research, using the descriptive and analytical method, we adapt the results obtained from the rules and regulations of the subject and explain the theoretical and practical position of the subject under discussion. Therefore, from the point of view of the fact that the regulation of vehicle documents in the documentary offices is of a special nature for the observance of the rights of third parties and the rights of the state. Therefore, it is suggested that the legislature terminates with more precise and clear rules and by mentioning the duties of both references, in isolation from interference and chaos
Afganistan from Within and Outside in Khaled Hosseini\u27s Novel And the Mountains Echoed
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the latest novel written by the American author of the Afghan origin Khaled Hosseini. It is well known that serious political and social changes occurred in Afghanistan in the twentieth century. Since the beginning of the Taliban”™s rule, Afghanistan has been ranked not only as the country with an unstable political system but also began to associate as the center of terror and wars connected with nationalism and religious disagreements. All the cultural heritage of the country was left in the past. Khaled Hosseini tries to destroy the stereotypes about the country formed in the modern Western world. His novel And the Mountains Echoed came out six years after the publication of Thousand Splendid Suns and is very different this and previous ones. The action takes place not only in Afghanistan but also in USA, France, and Greece. The heroes are not only Afghans but also the representatives of other nationalities, whose fate is connected with Afghanistan. The previous Hosseini\u27s works had such success, that the third novel came out in eight countries simultaneously in the corresponding translations. The ideas of And the Mountains Echoed are universal, based on human life, regardless of where the person was born, and to what nation, race and religion he belongs. The image of Afghanistan still plays the great role in Hosseini\u27s novel, but now he also refers to human destinies and characters
Investigating the effect of customer education on customer satisfaction of nano foods in Iran
Get PDFIn the emphasis on knowledge as a key competitive factor in the global economy, corporations may be overlooking a major element – customer knowledge. Customer knowledge management (CKM) creates new knowledge sharing platforms and processes between companies and their customers. Customer education is one of the best ways of customer knowledge management. Despite companies”™ growing interest for customer education and the recent awareness in marketing literature of this concept, research on customer education remains relatively scarce. In this research a model which details the relationships between customer education and customer satisfaction was proposed and validated for Nano food product. The existence of two mediating variables was unveiled: product usage and product-usage related knowledge and skills. The experimental fieldwork was conducted in partnership with Nano food companies and their customers. In this research, clear evidence has been provided that customer education positively impacts on customer satisfaction and that specific mechanisms explain such effects