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What’s in a name? : Scottish settlement and land plot names and settler colonialism in nineteenth century Inverness County, Cape Breton
Get PDF127 leaves : map ; 29 cmIncludes abstract and appendices.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-113).The application of place names by Scottish colonizers is a well-studied field. However, those studies focus on the identification and classification of such names, with little emphasis on how these names actually came to exist. This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of those that exist in Inverness County, exploring two types of names: those applied to settlements, settlement names; and those applied by individuals to land granted them, land plot names. Through analysis of land petitions, maps, and post office records, this thesis charts the settlement of places that would come to have Scottish names and the emergence of Scottish settlement and land plot names within Inverness County to demonstrate that these names were introduced as a result of large-scale Scottish settlement. This contrasts with the place names that can be found in other parts of the former British Empire such as Australia, New Zealand and even other parts of Canada where Scottish names came to exist as a result of Scottish colonial involvement as administrators, explorers and cartographers. While both can be seen as part of the process of settler colonisation; the replacement of the Indigenous population, in the case of Inverness County, the Mi'kmaq, with an exogenous one, the Scots, the evidence that has been considered demonstrates that the names in Inverness County are distinct in the sense that they were introduced by the Scots settlers themselves
Money Laundering in British Columbia: A Review of the Literature
Get PDF1 online resource (168 pages) ; colour illustrationsIncludes bibliographical references (pages 143-168)Submitted to: The Cullen Commission of Inquiry into Money Laundering in British Columbia ; Exhibit #6This document provides a review of literature that is concerned with describing and analyzing the nature and characteristics of money laundering (ML) with emphasis on Canada and British Columbia. This includes literature that provides a conceptual and theoretical overview of ML, its relationship with profit-oriented organized crime and criminal groups, a breakdown of ML methods and techniques, the commercial and financial sectors and professionals used to launder money, how the informal (underground) economy is used, as well as the effects that ML may have on organized crime, the economy, and society. These issue areas are applied to Canada and B.C. specifically and include a discussion of the so-called “Vancouver Model,” in addition to an analysis of the factors that put the country, the province, and the Lower Mainland at risk of ML. Because this review relied exclusively on public sources, including the news media, there are limitations to the accuracy and completeness of its findings, especially with respect to money laundering in B.C. and the Vancouver Model in particular
Towards An Integrative Understanding of Soil Biodiversity
Get PDFPublished versionSoil is one of the most bio diverse terrestrial habitats. Yet, we lack an integrative conceptual framework for understanding the patterns and mechanisms driving soil biodiversity. One of the underlying reasons for our poor understanding of soil biodiversity patterns relates to whether key biodiversity theories (historically developed for above ground and aquatic organisms) are applicable to patterns of soil biodiversity. Here, we present a systematic literature review to investigate whether and how key biodiversity theories (species–energy relationship, theory of island bio-geography, meta community theory, niche theory and neutral theory) can explain observed patterns of soil biodiversity. We then discuss two spatial compartments nested within soil at which biodiversity theories can be applied to acknowledge the scale dependent nature of soil biodiversity
Overview of the biological characteristics of Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) spawning runs on the Isthmus of Chignecto, New Brunswick, Canada
Get PDF1 online resource (v, 35 pages) : illustrations, mapIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (pages 32-35).Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) are an anadromous species of river herring that are found in the Atlantic Ocean, ranging from the coasts of North Carolina, USA to Newfoundland, Canada. Age-structured population models and other aspects of populations have not been determined for all Alewife populations in the Maritime Provinces. To inform population models, background information are examined including biological characteristics such as age, growth patterns and condition factor. Alewives were aged by enumerating annuli on scales. Alewife weight, fork length, total length and sex were collected in the field as a part of a preexisting project from 2013 to 2019 the Inner Bay of Fundy region. Here, the presence of spatial-temporal differences in fish size, condition factor, sex ratio or ages and potential changes or biases across river systems are identified. The results indicate that length-weight relationships and growth rates did trend upward between 2013 to 2019, with female Alewife growing at a faster rate than male Alewife. The determination of age revealed that the distribution of ages per sex during the spawning run was similar, with both sexes having a mean age of four. Similarly, average proportion of virgin spawners per age was four years of age for both sexes. The variance of Fulton’s condition factor revealed that there is little difference in health for Alewife across the sample years and the four river systems. This information will help inform population management and protection for anadromous fish in Atlantic Canada, which will help researchers understand the influencing processes and biological characteristics driving alewife spawning runs. This thesis documents the validity of anecdotal observations on Alewife spawning run composition and provides resource managers with research recommendations and an improved understanding the ecological significance of run timing in the Inner Bay of Fundy
Assessment of pH and temperature effects on collagen gel microstructure using second harmonic generation and scanning electron microscopies
Get PDF1 online resource (vii, 56 pages) : illustrations (some colour)Includes abstract and appendix.Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-54).Collagen is a fibrous structural protein that possesses a characteristic triple-helical conformation which aids in the stabilisation of molecular confirmations. For example, in tissues collagen aids in maintaining the structural integrity. Collagen accounts for 30% of the total protein content in the body and is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM provides structural support for cellular components and is a key regulator of biochemical functions in the human body related to tissue growth and development. Thus, for the maintenance of normal organ function and to facilitate wound healing, homeostasis of the ECM is crucial. Sustained homeostatic dysregulation results in terminal and pathological conditions such as cancer where structural variation in the ECM is not well understood and is difficult to characterize.
In the current research, natural collagen hydrogels synthesized in differing chemical environments were investigated by second harmonic generation (SHG) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM). The gels were synthesized within biologically relevant ranges of polymerization pH and polymerization temperatures to investigate how these variables affect the structure and morphology of collagen fibrils. Results of imaging dried samples with SEM revealed structural parameters of collagen D-banding periodicity of 59.8 ± 4 nm in gels simulating normal physiological conditions and was in line with the ~67 nm periodicity reported for in vivo native-banded fibrils. Qualitative analysis of the hydrogels revealed lower fibril content and thicker fibrils at lower temperatures which was evidenced by higher SHG signals in quantitative analysis. The fibril diameter was maximum at pH 6.5, and lower fibril content was observed at a lower pH. Statistically significant differences were observed in average fibril diameter and in SHG intensities for varied polymerization temperature and pH, demonstrating that the technique can probe collagen microstructure and provide a greater understanding of ultrastructural changes occurring within the ECM
A new attempt on measurement of the F-19(p,[alpha])O-16 reaction cross section towards elucidating nucleosynthesis of fluorine
No full text11, 148 leaves ; illustrations (chiefly colour) ; 29 cmIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-148).Galactic fluorine abundance is strongly dependent on the conditions in the astrophysical sites. This feature makes it useful to probe different nucleosynthesis scenarios, mainly in the AGB stars. It is also important in understanding s-process elements production and mixing processes in AGB stars. The observed upper limit of fluorine abundance is much lower than the one predicted with most recent AGB models, hinting at some catalytic material activating fluorine destruction via reactions involving fluorine, in particular 19F(p,α)16O. Therefore, it is of vital importance to get an insight into this destruction channel. Despite of its importance, the astrophysical S-factor of this reaction is poorly known from previous studies, at astrophysical energies. In this work, observations and data analysis on 19F(p,α)16O will be discussed. This reaction was measured in inverse kinematics at the ISAC rare isotope beam facility at TRIUMF. The 19F beam, at mid-target Ecm = 2.35 MeV, was impinged on a solid hydrogen target at IRIS spectroscopy station. In an attempt to identify the ground state in 16O, missing mass spectrum technique is used in the analysi
Informing the development of a clinician workshop
Get PDFvi, 149 leaves ; 29 cmIncludes abstract and appendices.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-118).This thesis represents the first step toward developing an educational workshop to increase clinician competency and willingness to treat those with sexual interest in children. In study 1, North American clinicians with lower stigma and competency to assess and/or treat this population were more likely to accept a referral for someone with a sexual interest in children, and more willing to attend a workshop. Both studies asked clinicians and those with sexual interest in children about what should be included the workshop. Clinicians were also asked about barriers to attendance. Clinicians focused on the inclusion of therapeutic models, risk assessment, and mandatory reporting, while those with sexual interest in children focused on increasing understanding, stigma reduction, and a positive therapeutic environment. According to clinicians, the greatest barrier to attendance would be accessibility (i.e., cost and location). The final chapter discusses key elements of a workshop and next steps for development
Paraglacial reworking of lateral moraine slopes, sharp-crested lateral moraines and alluvial fans buttressed by lateral moraines
Get PDF1 online resource (ix, 135 pages) : colour illustrations, colour mapsIncludes abstract and appendix.Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-76).The ongoing retreat of alpine glaciers has exposed large quantities of glacial sediments prone to paraglacial geomorphic processes. Lateral moraines are key features of these glacial landscapes. Studies on the paraglacial reworking of lateral moraines are rare; consequently, their transformation is relatively undocumented. However, as deglaciation in alpine regions increases the requirement for a fuller understanding of paraglacial response increases as well. This is due to a need to understand the complex geomorphological responses to deglaciation. To document typical examples, analyze the morphological setting and provide an analysis of lateral moraine paraglacial reworking in deglaciating regions of the United States, Canada, Asia, Afghanistan, Argentina and Switzerland, analysis ready data from GIS software packages was utilized. Paraglacial adjustment is evident through the development of gullying, primarily on the proximal moraine slope. Gully slope and length increase with moraine height. The proximal slope had a steeper angle of repose compared to the distal slope. The erosional activity as well as the more or less in activity is a reflection of slope stability. Sharp-crested lateral moraines were defined within the context of slope profile and captured within selected regions. Extensive paraglacial modification by debris flows was limited to sections of the glacial valley where valley wall slopes gradients are steep. The slope profile of moraines, with a gentler lower slope, an intense gullied upper section and a sediment deposit at the bottom of the proximal slope was more prevalent towards the glacier terminus. There, moraines are either devoid of vegetation colonization or vegetation colonies are well established. Up-glacier moraines have little or no distal slope and are devoid of vegetation on both slopes. The general form of the moraines establishes that there are many feedbacks, between position and geomorphic activity on a moraine, that influence the paraglacial process
Toward the development of a novel mineralized collagen scaffold for bone repair and regeneration
Get PDFxiv, 232 leaves : illustrations (some colour) ; 29 cmIncludes abstract and appendices.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-232).Due to an increasing demand for more functional bone-repair materials, implants composed of mineralized collagen have garnered interest. The process as to how collagen fibrils become mineralized both in situ and in vitro is not yet well understood. Additionally, preparing scaffolds possessing similar mechanical and structural features as those found within bone remains a difficult process. The benefit of preparing an implant composed of mineralized collagen that can be mechanically tailored and holds a chemical and structural profile similar to bone is widely recognized. The studies contained herein describe a novel process for preparing an acellular, naturally crosslinked mineralized collagen scaffold based on a tailorable alternate soaking mineralization
procedure.
The developed mineralization procedure led to a close integration between bone-like mineral and aligned collagen fibrils in produced scaffolds. Through adjustments in the manufacturing procedure, the mechanics of both individual fibrils and whole sheets were able to be controlled, as determined through nanoindentation and flexural testing. It was found through in vitro investigations that mineralized scaffolds preferentially promoted the differentiation of pre-osteoblast cells,
measured by ALP activity and OCN content.
Traditional methods of preparing mineralized collagen scaffolds often use reconstituted, randomly oriented collagen fibrils, mineralized in such a way that often ignores the specific mineral-collagen association found in nature. The motivation behind this work was to develop a mineralized collagen scaffold that paid particular attention to fibril alignment as well as mineral integration and subsequent material mechanics. The work described herein presents, for the first time, the ability to easily control the mechanics of mineralized collagen fibrils and aligned sheets in a predictable way through simple modifications in their mineralization procedure. Additionally, insights gained from detailed structural and chemical analyses allow for a wider understanding of the effects various chemical additives have on prepared mineral crystals; widening our understanding on biomineralization