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Consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods by the African poor: Evidence from Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda
Get PDFWe use national Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) datasets from Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda to examine consumption by the rural and urban poor of “unhealthy foods” (including ultra-processed foods such as sweets and sugary beverages) versus “healthy foods” beyond starchy staples (such as vegetables, beans, animal products, and fruits). Consumption of processed foods and nonstaples is often associated in policy discussion in Africa with middle-class urban consumers rather than the poor. We analyzed household food consumption expenditure with Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS) curves and augmented Engel regressions. We found that substantial shares of the consumption expenditure of the poor, both rural and urban, are on healthy and unhealthy foods. We found, surprisingly, that the poor’s food consumption patterns do not differ sharply from the middle classes’, in rural and urban areas, except for the case of ultra-processed foods of which the poor still consume much less than the middle class. We found that the poor dedicate 25% of their food consumption expenditure to the category vegetables/beans, versus 22% and 17% by the lower-middle and upper-middle-income strata. Fruits/animal products constitute 17% of the poor’s consumption expenditure compared to 23% and 27% by the lower- and upper-middle strata. Ultra-processed food (e.g., sugarsweetened beverages) form 12% of the consumption of the poor, versus 20% and 32% for the lower- and upper-middle strata. Shares are increasing with income starting at incomes well below the poverty line. Nonincome factors play important roles: e.g., rural off-farm employment is associated with more consumption expenditure of processed foods by the poor due to the opportunity cost of tim
Perspectives and Practical Strategies for Disability-Related Behavior Challenges in Ministries to Children and Youth
Get PDFChallenging behaviors happen, even within Sunday schools and ministries to children and youth. This essay explores spiritual and theoretical perspectives about disability and addressing behaviors. Teachers, leaders and volunteers may benefit from example practical strategies for planning for and responding to such challenging behaviors, especially the social, emotional and behavioral challenges related to disability
Little people, big dreams matching game .
No full textConcentration (Game).; Memory.; Visual discrimination.; Visual perception in children.; Famous women.https://mosaic.messiah.edu/kits/1353/thumbnail.jp
Whatever May Be, Plant a Tree With Me
Get PDFLatent destination,
spectacular space––
the soil is rich, and clay is prepared.
Pass me the spade. We will start here
Beyond the Shadows
Get PDFPhoto of a small river during winter right after sunset, with snow on the banks and colors painting the sky and a dark silhouette of the trees
To Be Human
Get PDFThe grass is cool and refreshing, a welcome sensation on my
skin on a surprisingly warm afternoon. It\u27s been too long since I
read outside on a nice day. Life has held more pain for me lately,
the stresses of my final year of education blending with the sorrow
of a lost relationship. I close my eyes and bask in this pleasant
change of pace
The Church
Get PDFThey call me naive
because I say
the city streets are as pure
as the waters we baptize with.
And the mother who sees
more night than day—
she is my Saint
Flighty Pearl
Get PDFDefeated in life’s extremities
In the purple poppies, safety has been abandoned
Coral beads in a royal shrine
Sharing pate and cheese on brown crusts
Off with the tempered wigs
A flighty brow and spirited chao
2022 Humanities Symposium: Reimagining Reconciliation
Get PDFThe 2022 Humanities Symposium took place at Messiah University from February 21-25, 2022
Stormwater Management for Greenwood Hills Bible Camp
Get PDFThe stormwater team addresses flooding and erosion issues. In the spring of 2022, the team analyzed erosion problems for Greenwood Hills Bible Camp near Chambersburg PA and designed a system to capture and divert the runoff that is causing erosion. The design includes collection of the runoff with French drains and rock channels and conveyance of the water through a culvert with discharge down-gradient of affected houses. The system should lessen the erosion affecting the camp road and fix nuisance flooding and erosion at the residences. In the fall of 2021, the team partnered with the City of Harrisburg and Capital Region Water to address flooding in the Allison Hill neighborhood of Harrisburg Pennsylvania and designed a plan to mitigate this problem for neighborhood residents.
Funding for this work provided by The Collaboratory for Strategic Partnerships and Applied Research.https://mosaic.messiah.edu/engr2022/1018/thumbnail.jp