Fine Chemical Technologies (E-Journal) / Тонкие химические технологии
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Исследования в области создания эффективных лекарственных препаратов нового поколения включением классических субстанций в наноконтейнеры
Get PDFBiopharmaceutical technologies using phospholipids for the development of a new generation of pharmaceutical formulations are considered. Industrial methods for isolating phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk and cardiolipin from the heart muscle were implemented at the Biolek company (Kharkov). The industrial production of a number of phospholipid fractions has been mastered too. The latest data concerning the application of nanocontainers for loading classic drugs during the design of modern effective drug formulations are reported. These formulations are used to improve the results of treatment, to provide the targeted drug delivery into pathological foci, to prolong the action time, and to increase the drug solubility. Among the aforementioned containers, special emphasis should be given to liposomes, nanosomal polymeric formulations based on polybutylcyanoacrylates or on polylactides, and spherical amorphous nanoparticles formed from birch bark triterpenoids. The modern state of researches performing by scientific team headed by academician V.I. Shvets is also presented.Рассмотрены биофармацевтические технологии на основе фосфолипидов и их применение в разработке медицинских препаратов нового поколения с использованием наноконтейнеров разного типа. Представлено современное состояние исследований, проводимых научным коллективом под руководством академика В.И. Швеца, в этой области
Моделирование данных при производстве модулей электрохимической защиты от коррозии
Get PDFAnode grounding modules provide electrochemical protection against corrosion of metal constructions. Multidimensional data model for the point of view of quality management department employee is provided and discussed. The purpose of multi-dimensional data model is to increase most popular query execution speed. It aggregates the history data. Multi-dimensional data model is derived from relational model by denormalizationОбосновано построение многомерной модели данных, отражающей требования сотрудников службы управления качеством при производстве модулей электрохимической защиты от коррозии. Построена многомерная модель данных, позволяющая существенно повысить скорость выполнения запросов, связанных с анализом соответствия установленным требованиям произведенных модулей
Каталитическая очистка мазута от сероводорода и меркаптанов
Get PDFIncreasing environmental regulations according to the content of toxic volatile sulfur impurities in fuel oil requires improvement existing and development of new absorbers and ways of their application. The results of the study of oxidative demercaptanization of model mixtures containing hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfide/ethyl mercaptan in the presence of metal complex catalysts are shown. It is established that the required degree of purification (conversion of hydrogen sulphide) is achieved at a ratio of kt/H2S=1.5, which is much lower than required when using scavenger. Experiments carried out at the refinery of "TAIF-NK" to remove hydrogen sulfide from fuel oil have shown the efficiency close to that obtained in experiments on model compounds. These catalysts are also effective in conversion of light mercaptans of fuel oil. Irreversible nature of transformation of hydrogen sulfide and thiols into nontoxical forms and no negative impact on the properties of the final product of this method is established.Показана возможность очистки мазута от токсичных легколетучих сернистых примесей в результате их каталитического окисления кислородом воздуха в присутствии металло-комплексов переходных металлов
Сопряженный процесс окисления монооксида углерода и гидрокарбоксилирования циклогексена в циклогексанкарбоновую кислоту
Get PDFThe kinetic regularities of the conjugated process of the oxidation of carbon monoxide and the hydrocarboxylation of cyclohexene to cyclohexanecarboxylic acid have been studied. The copper(II) bromide addition allowed to stabilize the system and to increase selectivity due to the suppression of side reactions of the cyclohexene conversion and tetrahydrofuran. To achieve the acceptable rate and the selectivity of the transformation to cyclohexanecarboxylic acid it is advisable to use the palladium bromide concentration of 0.05 mol/L. To study the kinetic regularities the lower concentration of palladium bromide of 0.005 mol/L is required to ensure the system stability and the good reproducibility of results. The state of bromide complexes of palladium and copper under the conditions of conjugated catalytic synthesis of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid by the hydrocarboxylation of cyclohexene was studied by electron and infrared spectroscopy. It was found that during the conjugated process, copper exists in the form of copper(I) compounds, and palladium is present in the form of palladium(II) carbonyl complex. Hypotheses about the mechanism of this process were suggested. 24 two-route mechanisms of the carbon dioxide and the cyclohexanecarboxylic acid synthesis were obtained. Each of the 24 hypotheses spawned from one to three hypothetical mechanisms differing in the reversibility of the stages, the amount and the composition of intermediates accounted for in the material balance for the catalyst.Изучены кинетические закономерности сопряженного процесса окисления монооксида углерода и гидрокарбоксилирования циклогексена в циклогексанкарбоновую кислоту. Методами электрон-ной и инфракрасной спектроскопии исследовано состояние комплексов палладия и меди в системе PdBr2 - CuBr2 - ТГФ - Н2О в процессе синтеза циклогексанкарбоновой кислоты. В условиях сопряженного процесса медь существует в виде соединений Cu(I), палладий присутствует в форме карбонильного комплекса Pd(II). Выдвинуты гипотезы о механизме процесса
Влияние разбавителей разной природы на кинетику объемной усадки эпоксидиановых олигомеров при отверждении
Get PDFDiane epoxy oligomers (EO) are the most widespread among epoxies, their production makes more than 70% from the general release. To improve the impregnation of fibrous filler to create a polymer composite material (PCM) to reduce the viscosity of the binder and to that end the low viscosity diluents. This article presents the results of investigation of the influence of the various nature diluents on kinetics and value of the ED-20 brand and the EHD chlorine-containing brand epoxy oligomers final volume shrinkage is surveyed at solidification with the different types of low-viscosity liquid curing agents. Kinetic dependences of volume shrinkage of epoxy oligomer for different types of diluents are received at various concentration and dependence of shrinkage to answering point of jellification and shrinkage to answering point of the beginning of jellification from concentration of diluents. It is established that using active diluents to 20% mass decreases viscosity of the epoxy oligomers, but the kinetics of shrinkage and final shrinkage practically don't change. Introduction of active low-viscid diluents in EHD brand EO to 20 wt.% practically doesn't change kinetics of shrinkage and value of final shrinkage and allows to reduce by 2-4 times viscosity binding that leads to the referred adjustment of technical characteristics polymeric binding and conditions of processing of systems on the basis of EHD. Final heat treatment of samples at an increased temperature practically has no impact on shrinkage, however its carrying out is expedient as it leads the glass transition temperature increase.Ассматривается влияние разбавителей различной природы на кинетику и значение конечной объемной усадки эпоксидных олигомеров марки ЭД-20 и хлорсодержащей марки ЭХД при отверждении. Получены кинетические зависимости объемной усадки эпоксидных олигомеров для активных и неактивных разбавителей при различных концентрациях. Установлено, что при использовании активных разбавителей до 20% мас. снижается вязкость эпоксидного связующего как на основе ЭО марки ЭД-20, так и на ЭО марки ЭХД, а кинетика усадки и конечная усадка практически не изменяются
Анализ температурной зависимости теплоемкости ненаполненных вулканизатов
Get PDFThe report investigates the temperature dependence of the heat capacity and the rate at which heat capacity changes for eleven unfilled vulcanizates for all-purpose and special-purpose rubber in the temperature range between 133K and 373K. Basic numerical characteristics of integral and differential curves have been established and correlations between them have been examined. The differential equation of the process has been obtainedРассмотрена температурная зависимость теплоемкости и скорости изменения теплоемкости одиннадцати ненаполненных вулканизатов на основе каучуков общего и специального назна-чения в диапазоне температур от 133К до 373К. Определены основные количественные характеристики интегральных и дифференциальных кривых и рассмотрены взаимосвязи этих характеристик. Получено дифференциальное уравнение процесса
Особенности математического моделирования химических и массообменных процессов
Get PDFSome problems of mathematical modeling of distillation and chemical processes were discussed. The common and distinguishing features of these processes were revealed. The possibility of using the method of dynamical systems for studying these objects was shown, and some of special characteristics were revealed.Рассмотрены вопросы математического моделирования процессов разделения и химических процессов. Выявлены общие и отличительные черты, свойственные этим процессам. Показана возможность и выявлены некоторые особенности использования метода динамических систем для исследования указанных объектов
Информатизация деятельности экоаналитической лаборатории на предприятиях нефтехимического комплекса
Get PDFIn the article the environmental management system at the enterprises of the petrochemical complexes and ecoanalytical laboratory activities as a part of it are considered. In addition to its direct responsibilities for the analysis of the test material the activities of eco-analytical laboratory include responsibilities to ensure the correct and timely document and maintain continuous access to the information of all performers involved in the process. The reader is invited to refer to the approaches to the formation and construction of information-analytical systems by the example of developing systems for data collection and processing for environment control laboratories. The purposes and tasks of developing systems were identified during the analysis of the informatization object. Algorithms for information processing were established, and the management system of the eco-analysis laboratory information is presented in a separate form as components with the establishment of areas of responsibility. In the findings the expected results from the information-analytical system in terms of growth needs of environmental management effectiveness are described.В статье излагаются подходы к формированию и построению автоматизированных систем обработки лабораторных данных на примере информатизации деятельности экоаналитических лабораторий, эксплуатируемых в составе объектов нефтехимического комплекса, и пред-ставлены ожидаемые результаты от внедрения разрабатываемой системы на производстве
Информационная поддержка логистической системы поставки лекарственных средств
Get PDFThe primary goal of the state program "Development of Pharmaceutical and Medical industry" for 2013-2020" is the creation of innovative Russian pharmaceutical and medical industry of international standard. According to forecasts the share of Russian pharmaceutical companies in the market is going to increase from 14 to 50%. In order to ensure a complex approach to problem solving in pharmaceutical industry it needs to develop new mechanisms to manage industry sectors, clusters and enterprises. One of the most effective forms of management in this case is the creation of logistic schemes for medicine delivery to the population. The article describes the requirements for medicine delivery. We provide the economic and statistical technique – based on ABC/VEN-analysis – for the identification of the medicine demand in a large health care facility. The article uncovers the specifics of formation of a decision-making support system in time and amount of order in the context of (s, Q)-policy. The results reflect the specific features of construction of information support systems in medicine delivery.Рассмотрены условия снабжения лекарственными средствами. На основе АВС/VEN-анализа, предложена экономико-статистическая методика определения потребности в лекарственных средствах крупного лечебного учреждения. Предлагается использовать гибридные системы прогнозирования, основанные на совместном использовании методов фильтрации и нейронных сетей. Выявлены условия осуществления (s,Q)-политики по времени и объему заказа
Единый подход к систематизации мультидисциплинарных многомерных нелинейных начально-краевых задач
Get PDFAn approach to the systematization of coupled problems of different science areas is suggested. A unified methodology for solving such problems is described. The usage of this methodology is illustrated by examples of solving the contact problem and the problem of chemical machine-building.Предложен подход к систематизации связанных задач различных областей научного знания, основанный на их математической постановке. Описана единая методология решения таких задач. Использование методологии проиллюстрировано примерами решения контактной задачи и задачи химического машиностроения