Fine Chemical Technologies (E-Journal) / Тонкие химические технологии
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ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АЛГОРИТМИЧЕСКАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНО-СБЫТОВОЙ ЛОГИСТИКОЙ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
Get PDFInformational models and control algorithms models for separate functional modules of the pharmaceutical enterprises distribution and supply logistics management are considered in the article. The possibility of such modules management by means of ERP class integrated information systems is shown. Drug procurement management algorithms implemented with the help of ERP and based on the ABC/XYZ analysis methodology, algorithms and informational models for pharmaceutical companies’ logistic system of inventory management in warehouses are proposed. Algorithms, mathematical and information models for the logistic control system of stocks in warehouses with medicinal preparations at pharmaceutical enterprises are proposed. The scheme of the organization of the current incoming control of medicinal preparations in the finished goods warehouse is considered. Functional models are presented in IDEF0 notation for describing management systems based on ERP in distribution and marketing logistics systems in pharmaceutical companies. Examples are given of constructing graphic IDEF0-models, for describing business processes in drug prediction systems (LS) and quality control of incoming products. The analysis of modern ERP-systems is carried out, and their main features and directions of development are revealed, which is the most important step when working in any field of activity
ОБ ОГРАНИЧЕНИИ ОБЪЕМНОЙ ДОЛИ ЧАСТИЦ В ДИСПЕРСНОМ ОБРАЗЦЕ (ПРИ КОНТРОЛЕ ИХ МАГНИТНЫХ СВОЙСТВ)
Get PDFIt was found that it is sufficient to have the values of magnetic susceptibility X of a disperse sample containing ferroparticles to obtain the values of magnetic susceptibility Xч of its particles (particularly, in solving many scientific applied tasks of magnetic control and/or magnetophoresis of such particles). It is important that the values of volume fraction (concentration) γ of the ferroparticles be low (feasible), when simple dependence is acceptable for determining Xч values: Xч = X/γ. The question of the criterion value of γ is considered (it is still a discussion question). This value is up to γ=0.02-0.05 (this is evaluated data existing for a long time) for magnetite samples and even up to γ=0.2-0.25 (circumstantial evidence - by determining the demagnetization factor of disperse ferromagnetic samples). Direct experiments based on the ponderomotive Faraday method are realized with the use of a powder sample within the range of volume fraction γ ≤ 0.3 (for disperse phase - magnetite). The results of the experiments show that the linear part of X(γ) relation ends at γ 0.2. This is confirmed by many other consolidate data obtained by using disperse samples of magnetite (powder, colloid). However, at lower values of γ (γ ≤ 0.02-0.05) “individual” linear relation between X and γ is found as the consolidate data show. Taking into account the proportionality coefficient this relation differs from the previous relation by about 18%. This means that it is appropriate to use X values obtained at γ ≤ 0.02-0.05 for obtaining more accurate values of Xч
РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ МАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ РИЛИЗИНГ-ГОРМОНА ГОНАДОТРОПИНА И ЕГО АНАЛОГОВ В ЦЕЛЯХ ДОПИНГ-КОНТРОЛЯ
Get PDFIn the present study, a rapid, sensitive, and selective method for determination of several synthetic analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in human urine by solid-phase extraction and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed. Various parameters affecting sample preparation, LC separation, and MS/MS detection were investigated, and optimized conditions were identified. The UPLC-MS/MS system was equipped with an electrospray ion source operating in positive ion mode with selected reaction monitoring. Leuprolide-13С6 was used as internal standard for analytes quantitative assessment. The proposed method was validated considering the parameters specificity, linearity (0.1-10 ng/ml), recovery (52-98%), limit of detection (0.1 ng/ml), matrix effects and stability.В настоящей работе представлена методика быстрого, чувствительного и селективного определения ряда синтетических аналогов рилизинг-гормона гонадотропина в моче человека с использованием твердофазной экстракции и сверхпроизводительной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с тандемной масс-спектрометрией (СВЭЖХ-МС/МС). Определены и оптимизированы параметры, влияющие на пробоподготовку, хроматографическое разделение и МС/МС-детектирование. Последнее проводили в условиях электрораспылительной ионизации с регистрацией положительно заряженных ионов в режиме мониторинга выбранных реакций. Для количественной оценки концентраций соединений в качестве внутреннего стандарта использовали леупролид-13С6. Предложенная методика была валидирована с учетом параметров специфичности, линейности (0.1-10 нг/мл), степени извлечения (52-98%), предела обнаружения (0.1 нг/мл), матричного эффекта и стабильности
ХЛОРИДЫ ПОЛИОРГАНОСИЛОКСАНОВ С 1-МЕТИЛДИАЗОЛИЛ-МЕТИЛЕНОВЫМИ ГРУППАМИ. СИНТЕЗ И СВОЙСТВА
Get PDFChlorides of polyorganosiloxanes with 1-methyldiazolylmethylene groups were synthesized using the reaction of quaternization of poly(chloromethyl)organosiloxanes with 1-methylimidazole. The degree of completeness of this reaction was determined, and the products were characterized by the data of elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy (1H and 29Si), TGA and DTA. The possibility in principle of obtaining statistical polyorganosiloxanes with the [1-(methyl)imidazolyl]methyl substituent in the frame of the siloxane macromolecule by quaternization of the corresponding chloromethyl-substituted organosilicon polymers with 1-methylimidazole is shown. By the method of TGA and DTA, it was found that the destruction of the obtained ionic liquids occurs when heating them in air above 265 °C. The possibility of fixing the formation of an imidazolium salt by the appearance of a chemical shift in the region ~10 ppm in the 1Н-NMR spectrum has been established.Реакцией кватернизации поли(хлорметил)органосилоксанов с 1-метилимидазолом синтезированы хлориды полиорганосилоксанов с 1-метилдиазолилметиленовыми группами. Определена степень завершенности данной реакции и продукты охарактеризованы данными элементного анализа, ЯМР-спектроскопии (1H и 29Si), ТГА и ДТА. Показана принципиальная возможность получения статистических полиорганосилоксанов с [1-(метил)-имидазолил]-метильным заместителем в обрамлении силоксановой макромолекулы реакцией кватернизации соответствующих хлорметилзамещенных кремнийорганических полимеров 1-метилимидазолом. Методом ТГА и ДТА обнаружено, что деструкция полученных ионных жидкостей наступает при нагревании на воздухе выше 265 °С. Установлена возможность фиксировать образование соли имидазолия по появлению химсдвига в области ~10 м.д. в 1Н-ЯМР-спектре
НОВЫЕ МОДЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ В ТЕОРИИ КОЛЕБАНИЙ
Get PDFThe article considers a new class of model representations in the theory of oscillation of systems described by the classical boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations. The peculiarity of the suggested approach consists in the introduction of an additional term into the basic equation of oscillations. This term characterizes the presence of a temperature gradient in the systems. The developed theory is applicable to longitudinal oscillations of a rod, but can be extended just as well to the problem of the vibrations of strings, membranes, shaft torsional oscillations, electromagnetic waves, etc. Numerical experiments showed a significant effect of the temperature field in the rod on the nature of the vibrations and displacements of the rod cross-sections in comparison with classical solutions.Рассмотрен новый класс модельных представлений в теории колебаний систем, описываемых классическими краевыми задачами для уравнений гиперболического типа. Особенность предложенного подхода заключается во введении в основное уравнение колебаний дополнительного слагаемого, характеризующего наличие в системе градиента температуры. Развитая теория касается продольных колебаний стержня, но с одинаковым успехом может быть распространена на задачи о колебаниях струны, мембраны, крутильных колебаний вала, электромагнитных колебаний и т.д. Проведены численные эксперименты, показавшие существенное влияние температурного поля в стержне на характер колебаний и смещений сечений стержня по сравнению с классическими решениями
МОДИФИКАЦИЯ КОМПОЗИТНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КOРАБЕЛЬНЫХ КАБЕЛЬНЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ
Get PDFThe purpose of this work was to develop a modified polymeric composite mixture for the manufacture of the outer shell of a ship's cable operating under conditions of aggressive environment and increased fire hazard. The performed research resulted in the analysis of the basic polymeric composite mixtures. A complex of the most important technical and operational characteristics of the cable shell was formed. These characteristics are wear resistance, oil resistance and fire safety. On the basis of these assumptions a new polymer composition based on chloropolyethylene TYRIN CM 3630E with an increased oxygen index and improved physical and mechanical properties was developed. Modification of the mixture was carried out by increasing the mass fraction of flame-retardant additives and adding stabilizers to the mixture. Thanks to a balanced combination of technical and operational properties the use of the developed compound will increase the cable service life and operating time and will reduce the overall weight of the cable by using conductors of a smaller cross-section at a higher operating temperature.Настоящая статья посвящена разработке модифицированной полимерной смеси для изготовления наружной оболочки корабельного кабеля, работающего в агрессивных условиях, в том числе, в условиях повышенной пожароопасности. В ней обобщены и проанализированы составы основных полимерных композитных смесей, что позволило сформировать комплекс наиболее важных технико-эксплуатационных характеристик кабельной оболочки, таких, как износостойкость, маслостойкость и пожаробезопасность. Предложена ранее не описанная полимерная композиция на основе хлорированного полиэтилена TYRIN CM 3630Е с повышенным кислородным индексом и улучшенными физико-механическими свойствами. Модификация смеси осуществлена путем увеличения массовой доли антипирена и введения в смесь стабилизирующих добавок. Применение разработанного компаунда, обладающего сбалансированным сочетанием необходимых свойств, позволит увеличить срок службы кабеля, а также снизить его общий вес за счет эксплуатации проводников меньшего сечения при более высокой рабочей температуре
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ВЫБОРА НАИЛУЧШЕЙ ДОСТУПНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Get PDFDue to the relevance of the problem of implementation of the Best Available Techniques (BAT) in the chemical industry of the Russian Federation it is necessary to develop a scientifically defensible transition process to BAT for chemical manufactures. For this purpose, the functional modeling methodology was used in the graphical notation IDEF0 standardized in the Russian Federation. The production process for the transition of a chemical manufacture to BAT was described as a hierarchical structure represented as a diagram consisting of functional blocks and arcs that connect them. First, the simulation object was represented as a single block with boundary arrows, which show how the simulated process is related to the environment. Then it was sequentially decomposed into diagrams of a lower level, i.e., stepwise hierarchical decomposition of the top-level context diagram was performed, which resulted in a set of interrelated diagrams that describe the processes and relationships between them and the environment. This allows us to clearly establish the order of actions that are performed at each stage of the transfer of chemical manufacture to BAT
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОВЕРХНОСТНО-АКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НА ХЕМИЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНТНУЮ РЕАКЦИЮ ЛЮМИНОЛ-ПЕРОКСИД ВОДОРОДА
Get PDFThe luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescent system is widely used for the creation of diagnostic systems, for chemical analysis, for studying the kinetics and mechanisms of chemical reactions, for the creation of special and emergency light sources, and for monitoring living systems. However, the use of the luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescent system is limited by the fact that there are almost no ways of managing the reaction. The introduction of organized molecular systems into the luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescent system can create an additional channel for controlling chemiluminescent reactions. The luminol-hydrogen peroxide system was not previously studied in various classes of hydrocarbon and perfluorinated micellar solutions. This work was the first to study the effect of cationic, anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon surface-active substances (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, triton X 100) and perfluorinated surface-active substances (FT-135 and FT-248) on the chemiluminescent systems luminol-hydrogen peroxide-potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and luminol-hydrogen peroxide-copper(II) sulphate. The systems retain the ability to chemiluminescence in the presence of a surfactant. Cationic surfactants lower the intensity of chemiluminescence, and anionic surfactants increase the intensity of chemiluminescence. The introduction of a surfactant into the system allows increasing the range of dependence of the chemiluminescence intensity on the catalyst concentration. Kinetic curves of the growth and decay of chemiluminescence were measured in the systems. The rate constants of the chemiluminescence decay were measured in the framework of the first-order kinetics model
ВНУТРЕННЕЕ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЕ В РЕКТИФИКАЦИОННЫХ КОЛОННАХ С ДИСКРЕТНЫМ И НЕПРЕРЫВНЫМ КОНТАКТОМ ФАЗ
Get PDFPerspective ways of power saving in the distillation of liquid mixtures are considered. The phenomenon of internal energy saving on theoretical plates is considered in detail. As shown in this article, the phenomenon depends on the number of theoretical plates in the rectifying and stripping sections of the column and also on the aggregative state of the feed mixture. The processes of heat and mass transfer on real plates with various values of efficiency factor are considered. Blocks of real plates equivalent to one theoretical stage, that is, blocks where the leaving flows of the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium, are isolated. Analogically, heat and mass transfer in apparatuses with a continuous phase contact having a layer height providing one theoretical plate is considered. It is proved that internal energy saving in filled rectifying columns with real plates also depends on the number of theoretical plates and the aggregative state of the initial mixture.Проанализированы перспективные способы экономии затрат теплоты при ректификации жидких смесей. Подробно рассмотрено явление внутреннего энергосбережения на теоретических тарелках. Показано, что оно зависит от числа теоретических тарелок в укрепляющей и отгонной частях колонны, а также от агрегатного состояния исходной смеси. Исследованы процессы тепломассообмена на реальных тарелках с различными значениями КПД. Выделены блоки реальных тарелок, эквивалентные одной теоретической ступени, т.е. в которых уходящие потоки жидкости и пара равновесны. По аналогии с этим рассмотрен тепломассобмен в аппаратах с непрерывным контактом фаз с высотой слоя, обеспечивающей одну теоретическую тарелку. Доказано, что в насадочных ректификационных колоннах и в колоннах с реальными тарелками внутреннее энергосбережение также зависит от числа теоретических тарелок и агрегатного состояния исходной смеси
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ
Get PDFThe technique for the formalized description of functional models of chemical manufacturing is developed. The technique is based on graph theory. The model is described as a set of oriented labeled graphs that are hierarchically organized by the decompose relationship. First we describe the conversion of a single diagram to a labeled graph, including adding new nodes and edges. The nodes of the graph correspond to boxes, borders and branching points of the arrows at the diagram. The edges of the graph correspond to the arrows at the diagram. The graph descriptions of the model of base functional relationships such as output-input, output-control, output-mechanism are represented. We develop procedures to convert the border arrows and branch arrows. Conversion of branch arrows is performed depending on changes of the labels of branches. Branching of each arrow corresponds to a subgraph including several edges and perhaps additional nodes. Oriented labeled graphs are described by set-theoretic notation that contains the labels of the edges and the roles of nodes. The hierarchy of diagrams is specified by a decompose relationship, which includes the parent chart, the child chart and the decomposed box. As an example, we present the set-theoretic description of the functional model of vinyl acetate manufacturing. The application of mathematical apparatus built within the framework of graph theory for verification and analysis of functional diagrams based on the proposed formal description is an area for further research