Periodica Polytechnica (Budapest University of Technology and Economics)
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The Use of Machine Learning Models and SHAP Interaction Values to Predict the Soil Swelling Index
Get PDFPredicting the soil swelling index (CS) is crucial for geotechnical engineer to ensure the stability of civil engineering conceptions. Recently, ML models has sparked great interest from researchers in predicting the soil swelling index. However, due to the black-box nature of ML models, their prediction capabilities are still uninterpretable. This study aims to predict the soil swelling index using ML algorithms and interpret predictions. First, it employs the prediction capability of the Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm and compares it to the artificial neural network (ANN) for prediction the soil swelling index. Second, the SHAP algorithm as one recent explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models is applied to interpret the predictions of the complex GPR and ANN models. The compiled experimental database covers 362 clayey samples gathered from different sites located in Northern Algeria. The modeling involved six input features, including the liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI), water content (ωn), dry density (γd), and void ratio (e) to predict the soil swelling index. The findings based on statistical metrics showed a good performance of GPR with R2 = 0.78 and of ANN with R2 = 0.79. Comparative study based on Wilcoxon signed- rank test and sign test indicated that the ANN outperform better than GPR. Based on the interpretations obtained by SHAP algorithm, it is observed that the liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) are the two main input features that influence the CS, indicating, the higher content of LL and PL increase the model's output
Analysis of Children's Road Crashes in Hungary
Get PDFIn the EU, more than 6,000 children died in road accidents between 2011 and 2020. Children are particularly vulnerable road users, and they need to be protected. This underlines the importance of the Safe System approach. The Safe System approach is a holistic view of road safety, which integrates the different elements of the traffic system and takes human vulnerability and fallibility into account. Children are still in the phase of developing the cognitive and physical skills necessary to travel safely in traffic. Because of their small size, children are less visible than other road users and less experienced; they can easily become innocent victims in collisions. Despite significant improvements in vehicle safety in recent years, almost half of all child road deaths occur while traveling in cars. Limited data is available on the correct use of child seats in cars across the EU, but studies have shown that misuse remains a significant problem. Several measures have been taken in recent years to make it safer for children to travel on the roads, but many more interventions are needed to further improve their safety. Our research aimed to examine the characteristics of child accidents in Hungary and to highlight the main road safety problems affecting children in Hungary
A magyar felsőoktatási intézmények integrációs és modernizációs törekvései a fenntarthatóság és oktatásmódszertan területén
No full textA Károli Gáspár Református Egyetemmel közösen végzett vizsgálat célja, hogy ismertesse a magyar felsőoktatási intézmények fejlesztéseit, hogy központok létrehozásával támogassák az innovatív oktatásmódszertanok meghonosítását. 2022 végén kezdtünk el foglalkozni a kutatással, amikor már túl volt az ország a Covid járványon és a hozzá kapcsolódó lezárásokon, online oktatáson
The New Paradigm of Integrating Community Engagement Concept in Ethiopian Public Universities: Challenges and Opportunities
No full textThe purpose of this paper was to assess the new paradigm of Integrating Community Engagement Concept in Ethiopian Public Universities. Several publications, institutional documents, and websites such as UNESCO, Ethiopian Ministry of Education, and Ethiopian universities searched as an approach. At start universities started by the concept of ‘community service’ and gradually coming to a paradigm of the concept of ‘community engagement’ with the new paradigm working “with” community partners and not “for” them. As assessment of establishment showed that 49 out 50 As time Ethiopian universities are young with average and less than 20 years except Addis Ababa University, which established half a century before the country’s first-generation universities. Staff passed through curriculum design not considering corporate social responsibility role of higher education sowing and strengthening the culture the paradigm still requires a lot of work. The paradigm importance of shifting to community engagement in that it is a good strategy to pool of resources from all concerned stakeholders this can sustain the development of the society. A strong foundation for fostering and improving higher education institutions in developing countries like Ethiopia will be extremely important for the capacity of the country's higher education sector and economic development. International higher education institutions around the world have been helping staff from higher education institutions of developing countries to enhance their institutional capacity through scholarship. It is important to keep strengthening the staff by expanding postgraduate study options and fostering collaboration between Ethiopian university personnel and international university personnel
Impact of a Professional Learning Community on the Professional Development of Teacher Educators in Myanmar
No full textProfessional learning communities provide ongoing professional development for teachers, where they become learning leaders and actively participate in school improvement. Continuing professional development (CPD) is vital in improving educational outcomes, as its importance has been proven over the years. This article explores the need for professional development of teacher educators in Myanmar and the utility of professional learning communities in improving teacher quality. This study aims to explore a comprehensive understanding of professional learning communities to support the professional development of teacher educators in improving the quality of education. The research questions are: (1) What are teacher educators' perceptions of PLCs' influence on their professional development? (2) Are there any variations in the teacher educator's professional development in professional learning communities regarding their factors? (3) Is there any significant relationship between professional learning communities and the professional development of teacher educators? Quantitative research methods were used in this study. Survey data were collected from 70 participants (teacher trainers) from seven Education Colleges. The analysis shows that when done well, professional learning communities can impact teacher quality. Some research suggests that teacher professional development is closely related to teacher professional skills and school improvement. The collective learning process helps teachers understand the subject better and broadens their knowledge base. This will help improve student performance and school quality in the future. Teachers' professional development in PLCs were similar based on their position and teaching service as teacher educators. However, teachers were significantly different regarding their age and educational qualifications. In this study, teachers had a high level of collective efficacy. There were significant differences among teachers based on their teaching age, position and educational qualification. Lack of time, teacher accountability, leadership skills, and the negative attitudes of participating teachers were the most frequently cited challenges in implementing PLCs. As a result, educators and stakeholders can use these findings to implement professional learning communities
Topology Optimization of Freeform Shells by Employing Isogeometric Analysis
Get PDFTopology optimization has attracted significant attention for creating efficient structures in shells. One of the prominent methods in the field is the Solid Isotropic Materials with Penalization (SIMP) approach which is typically employed alongside finite element method (FEM). However in classical FEM, achieving a smooth shell surface, necessitates a considerable number of elements, leading to high computational cost. In this article an Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) based technique is utilized to determine the optimum topology of freeform shell structures. The proposed approach follows the methodology of SIMP by defining a density function over a design domain to parametrize the optimization problem so that zero value represents void areas and one denotes solid parts. Non-Uniform Rational B-splines (NURBS) are employed for structural analysis as well as for interpolating density function for topology optimization (TO). Two models are employed: one with coarse mesh for defining the geometry and another with a fine mesh for analysis and optimization. The Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) is employed to solve the optimization problem. A few examples are presented, and the results are discussed and compared with literature in one case to verify the proposed method. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is efficient in finding the optimum topology of shell structures. The findings show that finer control nets results in clearer boundaries. It was observed that the penalty exponent is essential for obtaining an acceptable solution. It was also noted that the influence of the NURBS degree on optimal topology is trivial
Relationship Between Road Traffic Composition and Noise Emission: an Investigation Based on Hungarian National Public Road Traffic Data
Get PDFDifferent vehicles contribute to the noise emission of the total road traffic in different ways and degrees. Therefore, emission calculation methods classify road vehicles based on their typical noise emission parameters. This article investigated the role of the four vehicle categories of CNOSSOS-EU method (light motor vehicles, medium heavy vehicles, heavy vehicles, and powered two-wheelers) in generating road traffic noise emissions. Based on traffic data available for national public roads in Hungary, the proportion of each vehicle category in the total road traffic was determined, providing the average distribution and other statistical parameters for each road category. The impact of changes in the traffic composition on noise emission was analysed based on the statistical parameters. The results show the dominance of light vehicles for all road categories (76–89% on average). The average proportion of heavy vehicles is also significant on controlled-access highways (motorways: 21%, expressways: 15%) and main roads (9%). The deviation from the average traffic composition can cause a noticeable difference in road traffic noise emission (up to nearly 3 dB). It was found that the impact of changing the proportion of heavy and light vehicles on noise emission is higher on roads inside built-up areas
Analysis of Sustainable Efficiency of Freight Transport in Major European Economies: An Integrated Multi-Region Input-Output and DEA Approach
Get PDFThis paper integrates the multi-region input-output model (MRIO) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods to analyze the freight transport efficiency in Europe. Social, economic, and environmental influences were combined into a sustainable efficiency rating of the freight transport sector of Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands. First, the freight transport sector's carbon footprint (CFP) was quantified using the MRIO model. The lifecycle-based CFP emissions of freight transport activities were assessed using a dataset from 2000 to 2018. Nineteen stochastic model-based MRIO lifecycle assessments were built for each country. Secondly, sixty instances of DEA models were created using a linear program for each mode in the selected countries. Thirdly, the sustainable efficiency scores were determined for each freight transport mode in each country over four periods: 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2018. The results illustrate that the sustainable efficiency score of inland, water, and air transport modes ranged from 0.38 to 1
„Az egész arról szól, hogy együtt megértsük, a másik számára mi az érték”: Beszélgetés dr. Kocsis Andreával
No full textIn this interview Dr Andrea Kocsis, lecturer of University of Edinburgh shares her own story of how she became a digital humanist. Questions such as why digital humanities is a transit zone, what successful science communication looks like and how to engage students in digital humanities are also addressed. She will also report on her work as a research fellow at the National Library of Scotland on web archiving and making databases user-friendly.Az interjúban az Edinburghi Egyetem oktatója, dr. Kocsis Andrea megosztja saját történetét arról, hogy hogyan lett digitális bölcsész. Olyan kérdések is felmerülnek, mint hogy miért tranzitzóna a digitális bölcsészet, milyen a sikeres tudománykommunikáció, és hogyan lehet bevonzani diákokat a digitális bölcsészeti órákra. Továbbá beszámol a Skót Nemzeti Könyvtár tudományos ösztöndíjasaként végzett webarchiválási munkájáról, az adatbázisok rétegzett felhasználóbaráttá tételéről
