Periodica Polytechnica (Budapest University of Technology and Economics)
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Development of Starch-based Orodispersible Films for Paracetamol Delivery: A Comparative Study
Get PDFOrodispersible films (ODFs) have emerged as practical dosage forms due to their ease of application, dosage flexibility, and rapid disintegration in the oral mucosa without water, enabling rapid drug release. Analgesics and antipyretics are expected to have rapid effects, particularly in pediatric patients. In this study, ODFs were produced using a simple method that provides rapid drug release and doesn't require additional components like cross-linking agents. The aim of the study was to develop paracetamol-loaded starch-based films useful for children, patients experiencing vomiting, or those having difficulties. Orodispersible films were prepared via the solvent casting method using wheat, rice, and corn starches. The films were evaluated for their physical properties, including thickness, mass, surface pH values, swelling index, and disintegration and dissolution time. The results revealed that all films exhibited dissolution times of under 3 min, with approximately 80% of paracetamol release, demonstrating rapid and efficient drug delivery. The surface pH values were close to the pH of the oral cavity, indicating minimal risk for irritation. The characterizations of films were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. FTIR-ATR analysis showed no differences between starch types and paracetamol was physically bound to the films. XRD patterns indicated amorphous structures resulting from starch gelatinization. TGA analysis showed rice starch films exhibited the highest weight loss and the least thermal stability. The results demonstrated synthesized ODFs can be utilized as carriers for paracetamol and could potentially be used for other active ingredients
Sustainable Valorization of Catla Catla Fish Scales for the Development of Degradable Bioplastics
Get PDFPlastic pollution from petroleum-based materials poses severe environmental risks. This study develops a biodegradable bioplastic synthesized from fish scales, a rich source of collagen and hydroxyapatite and an abundant seafood industry by-product. Fish scales were processed and combined with a red algae–derived binder and glycerine plasticizer, then molded into sheets. Characterization (FTIR, TGA, XRD, EDS) confirmed key biopolymer structures, thermal stability up to 220 °C, and partial crystallinity. The bioplastic exhibited 85% mechanical strength retention, fully biodegraded within 60 days under composting, and demonstrated suitability for low-heat packaging applications. This approach valorizes marine waste, reduces reliance on fossil-fuel plastics, and aligns with circular economy principles. The findings introduce a scalable, eco-friendly alternative that simultaneously addresses plastic pollution and seafood waste, presenting significant potential for sustainable materials science and industry adoption
Radio Frequency Spectrum Monitoring System at Low Earth Orbit by MRC-100 Satellite
Get PDFThe ongoing development of modern telecommunication technologies is leading to a steady increase in electromagnetic pollution on Earth and space. This pollution in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) can impact space-based systems and operations, making it difficult to control small satellites. Furthermore, it can interfere with scientific measurements and experiments conducted in space. The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the ability to design and develop a 3-unit PocketQube-class student satellite, MRC-100, as an extension of the SMOG-1 one-unit PocketQube satellite, the fourth satellite of Hungary. The MRC-100 satellite comprises several scientific payloads. The main one is a wide-band spectrum analyzer that operates in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 2.6 GHz and is used to measure electromagnetic pollution in Low Earth Orbit. This paper's measurements were conducted on an extended band ranging from (2–3.1 GHz). We present the capabilities of the extended band spectrum analyzer to measure electromagnetic pollution with the designed system's limited size 40 × 40 mm, weight, and power consumption of less than 400 mW. The working extended band spectrum analyzer was tested on the satellite flight module in the laboratory
Model-free Predictive Current Control Combined with Sliding Mode Voltage Control for Wind Power Grid-connected System
Get PDFIn the context of global energy transition towards low-carbonization, direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation systems have become one of the mainstream power generation equipment due to their unique advantages. However, traditional control algorithms are difficult to cope with the complex operating conditions of the grid-side converter. This paper aims to improve the grid connection control algorithm of the direct-drive wind power system. It proposes a collaborative algorithm based on sliding mode control (SMC) for DC link voltage control and model-free predictive control (MFPC) for current control. Additionally, a discrete extended state observer (DESO) is designed to observe the unknown state variables in the system to avoid the influence of model mismatch. By comparing the simulation results of different algorithms of the control system under internal and external disturbances, it is verified that the proposed algorithm can more effectively track the d-q axis target current and stabilize the DC link voltage. The proposed method can help wind turbine generators operate efficiently in harsh environments, and has certain theoretical and engineering value for improving the grid connection performance of direct-drive wind power and promoting the consumption of new energy
Exploring the Relationship Between Green Bond Issuance and Energy-related SDGs in Emerging Market and Developing Economies
Get PDFIn emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), funds available for enabling the net-zero carbon transition are far below the level of investment required for a successful accomplishment. Nevertheless, a lot of EMDEs are making serious endeavours to deploy green financial instruments to support the transition. Among the internationally available financial instruments, green bonds (GBs) are especially significant due to their internationally regulated taxonomy, principles and classification of use of proceeds. The effectiveness of GB issuance is hard to measure but its relatedness to sustainable development goals (SDGs) has been proposed by the literature. This paper investigates the relationship between GB issuance and energy-related SDGs on the basis of a sample of 75 EMDEs in the period between 2000 and 2022. Besides renewable energy use and energy intensity, achievement of the ultimate goal of sustainable finances, carbon dioxide emission reduction, is also evaluated based on country-level statistics. We find only a few countries where all indicators have moved in the desired direction since the first issue of green bonds, and even fewer where this positive trend has persisted afterwards. Even when the short time series available for analysis is taken into account, the findings suggest that the dominance of renewable energy investment among the uses of GB proceeds does not necessarily entail any progress towards the net-zero emission targets. Overall, this highlights the necessity of stronger policy commitment and control
Az információ új otthona: A Széchenyi Egyetem Könyvtárának fejlődése az ipar 4.0 tükrében
No full textThe Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought about a new era of information technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). We use examples to illustrate the effects of them on the field of libraries and to present intelligent libraries in Hungary. The study focuses on the IT innovations of Széchenyi István University University Library and Archives in Győr. It aims to provide a brief overview of the history and technological progress of libraries from the beginning to the present.A negyedik ipari forradalom egy új információs technológiai korszakot, a tárgyak internetét (Internet of Things – IoT) és a mesterséges intelligenciát (Artificial Intelligence – AI) hozta el. Írásunkban példák segítségével ismertetjük a negyedik ipari forradalom könyvtárosi területre gyakorolt hatását, és bemutatunk a győri Széchenyi István Egyetem Egyetemi Könyvtár és Levéltár (SZE EKL) informatikai innovációján keresztül egy magyarországi okoskönyvtárat. Célunk, hogy rövid áttekintést nyújtsunk a könyvtár történetéről és technológiai előrehaladásáról a kezdetektől egészen napjainkig
A mesterséges intelligencia és a szerzői jogok kapcsolata hallgatói szemszögből
No full textNow that we are already past the first quarter of the 21st century, researchers are using and attaching many different labels to it. They talk about the century of information, digitization, artificial intelligence, robotization, isolation, lack of personal presence, etc. This study aims to examine the impact of a single technology on higher education. This is the perception of the influence of artificial intelligence and its applications in this field. With particular regard to copyright issues. The responses of three AI applications to copyright issues are presented, along with an evaluation of the questions in a questionnaire distributed among university students. The aim of the paper is to present the copyright issues that have been of concern to researchers since the emergence of generative artificial intelligence in everyday life.Most, a 21. század első negyedében a kutatók számos jelzőt használnak és kapcsolnak a leírására. Beszélnek az információ évszázadáról, a digitalizációról, a mesterséges intelligenciáról, a robotizációról, a magányról, a személyes jelenlét hiányáról stb. Ez a tanulmány egyetlen technológia felsőoktatásra gyakorolt hatását vizsgálja. Konkrétan a mesterséges intelligencia és alkalmazásainak hatását vizsgálja ezen a területen, különös tekintettel a szerzői jogi kérdésekre. Három MI-alkalmazás szerzői jogi kérdésekre adott válaszait mutatja be, valamint az egyetemi hallgatók körében kiosztott kérdőív kérdéseinek értékelését. A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa azokat a szerzői jogi kérdéseket, amelyek a generatív mesterséges intelligencia mindennapi életben való megjelenése óta felmerültek, és amelyek kutatások tárgyát képezték
Product Distribution and Quality Changes Induced by UV Pre-Treatment in Waste Tyre Pyrolysis
Get PDFThe management of end-of-life tyres represents a growing environmental challenge. Pyrolysis provides a sustainable recycling pathway by converting waste tyres into oil, gas, and char, but the high sulphur content of these products limits their direct utilisation. This study investigates UV irradiation as a pre-treatment method to modify tyre rubber structure and influence subsequent pyrolysis behaviour. Shredded tyre samples were irradiated by UV light for 0, 360, and 1080 min prior to pyrolysis at 900 °C. Structural and morphological changes were characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, microscopy, and thermogravimetry. Product yields were quantified, and the resulting oil, char, and gas fractions were analysed by elemental composition, heating value, and gas chromatography.UV pre-treatment induced oxidation, chain scission, and partial devulcanisation in the rubber matrix, leading to more homogeneous thermal degradation. At 900 °C, UV pre-treatment of 1080 min slightly increased gas yields, reduced oil yields, and left char production largely unchanged. Oils from irradiated samples exhibited higher oxygen and sulphur contents, resulting in lower heating values. Char composition remained relatively stable, with heating values of 8–9 MJ/kg. The gas fraction showed increased energy potential but also a higher hydrogen sulphide content. Overall, UV irradiation significantly altered tyre rubber structure and pyrolysis product quality. While the pre-treatment enhanced the energy potential of the gas fraction, it also intensified sulphur-related challenges, underscoring both the potential and limitations of UV-assisted tyre pyrolysis