18624 research outputs found
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Autism spectrum disorder and anorexia nervosa : investigating the behavioural and neurocognitive overlap
Full text linkAutism spectrum disorder (autism) and anorexia nervosa (AN) share many clinical features. Two key neurocognitive correlates of the autistic dyad, specifically, mentalising (social impairment) and set-shifting (restricted and repetitive behaviours/interests [RRBI]) were investigated in a sample of 327 adult participants with autism (n = 100; 50 females, 50 male), AN (n = 82; 54 females, 28 male), autism and AN (n = 45; 36 females, 9 male), and 100 (50 female, 50 male) control participants from the general population. A battery of self-report (Autism Spectrum Quotient, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Reflective Function Questionnaire, and Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire 2 – Adult version) and performance-based (Wisconsin Card Sort Task [WCST] and Penn Emotion Recognition Test [ER-40]) measures were administered online. Clinical participants reported greater mentalising difficulty, more repetitive behaviour, and displayed worse mentalising ability compared to controls, with no difference between the clinical groups. Eating disorder psychopathology predicted error (total and perseverative) rates on the WCST, while lower levels of autistic traits were positively associated with ER-40 accuracy. We provide evidence that clinical features of autism and AN might have specific neurocognitive relevance. Improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying the overlapping features of autism and AN can have critical implications for early detection and improved and tailored intervention. © 2024 The Author
Indigenous workplace policies : the crucial role of Indigenous management
Full text linkIndigenous employment is a critical policy area in Australia, with businesses adopting targeted workplace and recruitment practices to increase their levels of Indigenous employment. However, non-Indigenous-owned Australian businesses are still struggling to meet their Indigenous employment targets, and the national gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous employment rates remains wide. Despite the increased popularity of Indigenous-specific workplace and recruitment policies, there is a lack of research that aims to determine their associations with Indigenous employment. This paper addresses this gap by surveying 680 non-Indigenous-owned Australian businesses, detailing the uptake of various Indigenous-focused workplace and recruitment practices and their associations with Indigenous employment. The study finds that there is limited uptake of policies and practices such as Reconciliation Action Plans, cultural competency training, and Indigenous employment strategies, and some scepticism from respondents about their efficacy. OLS and negative binomial estimations could not demonstrate consistent associations between the implementation of these policies and Indigenous employment. However, the paper finds a significant association between the presence of Indigenous people in management positions within non-Indigenous-owned businesses and higher rates of Indigenous employment. This finding is consistent with previous research, which suggests that Indigenous-led approaches lead to improved Indigenous employment outcomes. © Australian Labour and Employment Relations Association (ALERA) 2024 SAGE Publications Ltd, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC
Factors that influence maternal child health nurses’ identification of risk of family violence to First Nations Women in Australia
Full text linkAim: To understand the factors that influence family violence towards First Nations women, to inform practises and policies to support these women and improve their engagement in maternal child health services. Design: A qualitative study, using narrative inquiry integrated with the Indigenous philosophy ‘Dadirri’, and thematic analysis of the data. Materials and Methods: Survey of 10 Maternal Child Health nurses in 2019, and interviews of 35 Aboriginal mothers in 2021. Results: The nurses identified drugs, alcohol, socio-economic issues, the history of effects of colonisation on First Nations peoples, and stress as perceived factors influencing family violence, and acceptance, fear, cultural beliefs, and mistrust, for women’s low reporting of violence. Factors that influenced nurses’ ability to identify family violence were mistrust and understanding of Aboriginal culture. Low self-esteem, lack of belonging, and not being heard were identified by the mothers as factors that influence family violence. Fear of child protective services, shame, mistrust, and poor rapport with the nurses contributed to their low reporting of violence. The most significant factor for the mothers to disclose violence is fear of losing her child, mistrust, and the questioning process. Conclusions: Nurses’ understanding of Indigenous culture is critical to develop trust and improve the engagement of First Nations women. A significant difference in the synthesis of data between the nurses and their First Nations consumers was conspicuous. Research regarding the benefit of models and interventions that recognise the social determinants of health and well-being on health outcomes as well as the value of culturally strong health services aimed to encourage an earlier identification of risk, ideally from the antenatal period to the child’s fifth birthday, is imperative. The implications of this research are of international importance for First Nations families and challenge current nursing practises to address the human rights challenge of the inequity in health outcomes between First Nation and non-First Nation children, their exposure to family violence, and their over-representation in child protection services. © 2025 by the author
Pharmacists' perspectives on Nicotine Vaping Products (NVPs) for smoking cessation in australia : a qualitative analysis
Full text linkVaping, particularly the use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs), has emerged as a public health concern. The regulatory environment surrounding NVPs in Australia has rapidly evolved, shifting from a prescription-only model to availability through community pharmacies. Pharmacists play a critical role in addressing vaping-related health concerns. This study explores Australian pharmacists' perspectives on their professional roles and the support needed to manage vaping-related enquiries. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 practicing pharmacists using a topic guide developed from the current literature and team expertise. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using an inductive approach to identify key themes. Key themes included , , and . Pharmacists expressed significant uncertainty about the risks and harms associated with vaping. There was apprehension around the regulatory complexity of supplying NVPs, and participants called for greater education and support, particularly around NVP's place in smoking cessation and potential vaping cessation services. Effective public health messaging and risk communication about vaping are crucial. At the centre of recent legislative changes, pharmacists require training and professional support to address vaping-related scenarios and provide counselling that aligns with individual risk perceptions, ensuring NVP use is clinically appropriate
Knowledge structure and research progress in earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment from 2000 to 2023 : a scientometric analysis incorporating domain knowledge
No full textEarthquake-induced liquefaction is a severe geological hazard that poses substantial risks to human safety making its evaluation critical. Despite prolonged discussions in academia and engineering, contemporary literature on earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment primarily focuses on specific methodologies, lacking a comprehensive overviews. This study systematically analyzed 824 research publications on earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment spanning from 2000 to 2023 within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) utilizing bibliometric approaches, including Citespace and VOSviewer. The primary objective was to meticulously analyze and explore the earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment field through bibliometric methods. The analysis reveals a steady increase in research output, transitioning from foundational theoretical development to advanced methodological innovations. Furthermore, a complete understanding of the research dynamics in this domain has been established by analyzing the publication trends, collaborative networks across journals, countries, institutions, and authors, and the evolution of significant research themes. Additionally, various techniques employed for earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment, including in-situ experiments, earthquake energy methodologies, numerical modeling approaches, and artificial intelligence methods, were explored, elucidating their characteristics and limitations. Finally, this study synthesizes the advancements and trends in earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment over recent decades, while also considering future research directions. It offers valuable insights into the methodologies for assessing earthquake-induced liquefaction and outlines potential avenues for future exploration. © 2024 Elsevier Lt
Survival memories: How artistic representation and naming incest could challenge taboos, influence public discourse and ideologies, and contribute to social change through the history and tenacity of textiles.
No full text‘Survival Memories’ is a prac;ce-led inves;ga;on of how incest vic;m-survivors can influence public and poli;cal discourse through art, embodiment, and materiality, drawing on the history and tenacity of tex;les as a medium for ac;vism and social change. Incest is one of society’s last taboos, an unspoken atrocity with considerable human and societal costs, however, it is o]en omi5ed from discussions of gender-based trauma and sexual abuse. Informed by Feminist Standpoint Theory, this research is intended to become a mechanism to end the silence, through the con;nuous reciprocity of art prac;ce and an interroga;on of relevant conceptual frameworks. While the role of the ar;st has been to cri;que, inform change and contribute to consciousness-raising, the topic of incest has had a limited presence in contemporary visual art. We have also seen the intensifica;on of violence against women and children. This research amplifies this issue, providing a visual lens to magnify my own experiences of incest and disassocia;on, while con;nuing to explore how tex;les can be a vehicle for remembering, memorialising and agita;ng. While documen;ng and connec;ng with my own memories I explore the work of other crea;ves and delve into the role of memory, memorialising and trauma, exploring how art and ar;sts can open a dialogue around incest and trauma. The role of tex;les and tex;le prac;ce as agents of change and tools of poli;cal agita;on are embedded across the exegesis, drawing on key moments from tex;le history and how they can inform the future. My fascina;on with memory, combined with the so]ness of tex;les, has seen me, through the process of the research, reconnect with the li5le girl I only know from photographs, crea;ng a powerful memorial that honours her survival. Through extensive research and technical development, I have created a body of work that embraces a range of techniques including embroidery, samplers, hand quil;ng, banner making and patchwork. This research allows me to mourn the child I was and celebrate her survival, whilst simultaneously contribu;ng a new voice in research that demands a world that protects children from one of the most dangerous places on earth, the family home.Doctor of Philosoph
Leading an Australian school towards an ecosystem for learning and flourishing
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study was to present a systems model of successful school leadership from a rural school case study, demonstrating how it connects to the weaving circle for systemic impact model. Doing so builds an awareness of how both complement each other to prompt thinking about schools as complex and adaptive systems that achieve broader school and student outcomes alongside students’ academic results. Design/methodology/approach: This study was a multiple-perspective mixed-method case study. Data were collected through interviews with the principal on three separate occasions, school leaders (n = 3), teachers (n = 4), students (n = 12), parents (n = 9), the school council president and a system leader. Interview data were supported by school observations, document analysis and a whole-staff teacher survey. The case study was part of the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP). Findings: The authors found a symbiosis between the research of the ISSPP and the ecosystems for learning and flourishing approach, specifically through the weaving circle for systemic impact model. This suggests that future ISSPP research protocols could be modified to consider the weaving circle model and also provides a way for thinking about how the weaving circle model could be extended to better capture the complex world of leading schools successfully. Originality/value: This research contributes to the existing literature on successful school leadership by engaging with understandings of leading schools as complex and adaptive systems. © 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited
Non-conservative efficient collision checking and depth noise-awareness for trajectory planning
No full textThis letter presents MIDI (Minimum dIstance-based and Depth-noIse-aware), a novel trajectory planner that introduces non-conservative collision checking and depth noise awareness for robust autonomous navigation. Unlike existing collision-checking approaches that rely on trajectory discretization or geometric approximations of free space, MIDI evaluates each depth pixel independently against an entire trajectory at once. Thus, it bypasses both the notorious grid-size problem in trajectory discretization and conservativeness inherent in free space geometric approximations. Leveraging polynomial trajectory properties to compute minimum distances and collision probabilities for all obstacle points in closed-form, MIDI facilitates both non-conservative and real-time trajectory collision checking. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, MIDI is the first memoryless planner that explicitly incorporates depth uncertainty information into online trajectory planning. Extensive simulations show that MIDI outperforms state-of-the-art memoryless planners, maintaining robust performance even under severe depth noise, where competing methods show significant degradation. The algorithm's non-conservative nature enables better utilization of free space, resulting in notably lower incompletion rates in cluttered environments. Finally, real-world flight trials were conducted to validate the effectiveness of our approach in an actual quadrotor. © 2016 IEEE
Exploring simulation-based education in pre-registration nursing curriculum - barriers and enablers : an integrative review
No full textBackground: Simulation-Based Education (SBE) has long been considered an effective model for teaching pre-registration nursing students. However, several factors impact the successful development and implementation of SBE programs that are sustainable, quality-driven and scalable. Methods: An integrative review was used in the analysis of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methodology papers, in the context of SBE programs in pre-registration nursing programs. Results: About 1151 articles were originally identified, and the data was further analyzed in three phases with 17 articles remaining, eight articles were deemed suitable for review. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: Resources, Faculty development, and Embedding into practice. Conclusion: SBE is considered an effective model for delivering education in pre-registration nursing programs. However, several factors impact the effectiveness of these programs when embedding them into nursing curricula. The most critical component to success was the utilization of simulation design frameworks which are underpinned by strong pedagogical methodologies. © 202