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That’s out! How expert umpires make leg-before-wicket judgements in cricket
Get PDFDespite evidence that elite-level cricket umpires are highly accurate in making leg-before-wicket (LBW) judgements, there is limited understanding as to how they make these judgements. In this study, we explored the explicit LBW decision-making expertise of elite-level cricket umpires (N = 10) via 10 individual semi-structured interviews. Using thematic analysis, we aimed to identify the sources of information that umpires incorporate into their decision-making process. Results indicated that umpires engage in intentional pre-delivery information-gathering to guide their expectations, and to set context-specific parameters as to what would constitute an LBW dismissal. Not only do umpires use information about the ball trajectory, but they also use additional information about the condition of the pitch, the action-capabilities and susceptibilities of players, and the unique requirements of different match formats. Umpires reported employing a gaze-anchor strategy when gathering information for each delivery and described the process of this information as initially intuitive, before engaging in deeper post-hoc reasoning. Findings highlight the importance of including contextual information when exploring officials’ decisions and may inform future training interventions for cricket umpires. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Interleukin-11/IL-11 receptor promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and invasion
Get PDFGlioblastoma is highly proliferative and invasive. However, the regulatory cytokine networks that promote glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion into other areas of the brain are not fully defined. In the present study, we define a critical role for the IL-11/IL-11
More-than-human stories: experimental co-productions in outdoor environmental education pedagogy
No full textThis research draws upon pedagogical experimentation on a ski-touring journey in the Australian Alps, building upon place-responsive pedagogies in outdoor environmental education with insight from new materialist and posthuman theory. In particular, this research focusses on the generative potential of considering co-productions and assemblages that include the materiality of a more-than-human world. Combining place-responsive and new materialist ideas, the concept of more-than-human stories is offered as a pedagogical strategy that may challenge anthropocentrism and develop different ways of thinking about and with more-than-human places. An example of these ideas in practice is offered, where Ya, an undergraduate student, presents her more-than-human story—One Single Moment—a picture-story book created on the ski-touring journey. Following her picture-story book, she maps the conditions of possibility, the various pedagogical influences that led to the creation of One Single Moment. Our aim through this research is to offer methodological and pedagogical insight into using new materialist theories in creative and productive ways
Insight into key obstacles and technological strategy for enzymatic digestion of full cellulose fraction from poplar sawdust
No full textLignocellulosic biomass mainly consists of hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose, which differently affect the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose. As for the typical representative for inert woody biomass, three components of cellulose were proposed conceptually for poplar sawdust, i.e., active cellulose, inert cellulose, and resistant cellulose. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment, hydrogen peroxide-sulfuric acid delignification, and sulfuric acid-assisted glycerol swelling were, respectively, proven to break the three obstacle mechanisms that affect the cellulase of poplar. The removal of key obstacles improved the cellulase digestibility of poplar enzyme-hydrolyzed residues by 188.7 %, and glucose yield increased from 34.6 % to 99.9 %. Therefore, a total of 39.5 g glucose was obtained from 100 g poplar sawdust by integrating the above three technologies. This work presented insight into and removed the key obstacles to enzymatic digestibility of poplar cellulose and developed an integrated technology to effectively convert full cellulose fraction to glucose from woody biomass. © 2023 Elsevier Lt
Wildlife of Victoria's south-west : a guide to the Grampians-Gariwerd, Volcanic Plains, Melbourne
No full textA photographic field guide to the mammals, birds, reptiles and frogs that occur in the region. Victoria’s South-West is an iconic region of Australia that includes the exceptional landscape features of the Grampians-Gariwerd, the Victorian Volcanic Plain with crater lakes and cones, the forests of the Great Dividing Range, and Melbourne and Port Phillip Bay. Victoria’s South-West supports remarkable wildlife, including some found only in the region, and is recognised as both nationally and globally significant for the conservation of biodiversity
Energy recovery from polluted water using capacitive deionization desalination system : a review
Get PDFCapacitive deionization is used to purify water by applying an electric charge across two porous electrodes. These electrodes are positioned in a spacer channel that transports the desalinated water. Capacitive deionization is a more energy-efficient approach to water purification than traditional methods. The process is believed to create clean water and store energy in a capacitive electrical double layer near the charged surface. Unlike previous review papers in this area, which mostly focus on energy recovery in terms of the technological advancement, this paper aims to conduct a bibliometric review and analysis of capacitive deionization cells, specifically focused on energy recovery mechanisms for treating contaminated water. The manuscript also analyzes capacitive deionization energy efficiency and energy-efficient capacitive deionization technology. Various relevant databases are utilized to select articles under specific conditions. Our findings suggest that the utilization capacitive deionization’s energy recovery mechanism from industrial wastewater has valuable opportunities for further research and growth. The selection and review of relevant articles and their analysis in this paper can aid in the systematic development of the capacitive deionization module. This would offer viable suggestions for future research towards more efficient energy recovery and consumption, which will subsequently contribute to net zero transitioning. © 2024 The Authors
Community Microgrids
No full textAccording to the scale of the power capacity and the size of the service provided, microgrids can generally be categorized into different types, e.g., solar homes, campus and institutional microgrids, remote area microgrids, community microgrids, commercial and industrial microgrids, and military base microgrids. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024
Exercise to combat cancer : focusing on the ends
No full textCancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide and although prognosis and survivorship after therapy have improved signif-icantly, current cancer treatments have long-term health consequences. For decades telomerase-mediated telomere maintenance has been an attractive anti-cancer therapeutic target due to its abundance and role in telomere maintenance, pathogenesis, and growth in neoplasms. Telomere maintenance-specific cancer therapies, however, are marred by off-target side effects that must be addressed before they reach clinical practice. Regular exercise training is associated with telomerase-mediated telomere maintenance in normal cells, which is associated with healthy aging. A single bout of endurance exercise training dynamically, but temporarily, increases TERT mRNA and telomerase activity, as well as several molecules that control genomic stability and telomere length (i.e., shelterin and TERRA). Considering the epidemiological findings and accumulating research highlighting that exercise significantly reduces the risk of many types of cancers and the anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise on tumor growth in vitro, investigating the governing molecular mechanisms of telomerase control in context with exercise and cancer may provide important new insights to explain these findings. Specifically, the molecular mechanisms controlling telomerase in both healthy cells and tumors after exercise could reveal novel therapeutic targets for tumor-specific telomere maintenance and offer important evidence that may refine current physical activity and exercise guidelines for all stages of cancer care. © 2024 the American Physiological Society
Strain measurement and adhesive selection for strain gauges on carbon roving in textile-reinforced concrete structures
Get PDFTextile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a promising building material that meets modern environmental protection and sustainability requirements. For the widespread use of this innovative building material, empirical models based on material properties determined by laboratory tests are needed. This study investigated the ability to measure the strain of carbon rovings with small strain gauges during standard tensile tests. The measured values were compared and validated using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. Another component of this study is the investigation of a suitable adhesive for the application of the sensors to SBR-coated (styrene-butadiene rubber) carbon roving. Three test series with three different adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesive, epoxy resin, and polychloroprene, were produced and tested for tensile strength. The validation tests showed that a strain loss occurs in the adhesive joint of the strain gauges. It was found that cyanoacrylate adhesives, such as M-Bond 200, suffered the lowest losses and are recommended for further investigations. The epoxy resin influences the stiffness of the carbon fibers at the contact surface too strongly, while the polychloroprene adhesive could not transfer the actual roving strain due to insufficient stiffness of the bond line. © 2024 ISEC Press
Mechanical performance of high strength steel under corrosion : a review study
Get PDFThis paper reviews the current state of knowledge on the mechanical properties of high strength steel (HSS) subject to corrosive environments and presents the knowledge gaps and future directions. The study provides a comprehensive review of parameters affecting the mechanical properties of corroded HSS. The present study investigates how manufacturing processes and alloying elements influence corrosion resistance. The role of corrosive environments and loading conditions on HSS corrosion performance is also summarised. Finally, different types of HSS and mild steel (MS) are compared based on various performance indices encompassing ductility, elongation loss rate, area reduction, tensile strength, and a comprehensive sensitivity expression. The study findings are quantitatively outlined based on steel grades and the corrosive environment. These indices have the potential to be used for practical engineering use of HSS material by providing critical information for steel selection in various environments. Through this review study, it is revealed that the manufacturing process impacts the corrosion susceptibility of HSS. In addition, alloying elements play diverse roles in corrosion resistance, potentially exacerbating or ameliorating it. Not only may HSS chemical composition affect the result, but environmental factors such as increasing temperature, decreasing pH levels, hydrogen embrittlement, and alterations in rust layer thickness may intensify corrosion. The study also identifies future research requirements in the context of HSS corrosion: including diverse corrosive environments, establishing direct quantitative correlations between corrosion and the manufacturing process and/or chemical composition, and exploring practical protective solutions specifically galvanisation. © 202