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Computational simulation and experimental analysis on wearing mechanisms of gypsum and concrete samples in pin-on-disk ASTM abrasion testing
No full textMechanical excavation machines, like continuous miners and road headers, have been broadly used in tunneling and underground and surface mines. The disc cutters are seated on the different cutter heads’ to cut different parts of the tunnel face. With the increase in the cutters’ size and power, the cutting disc cutters’ capacity has been extended to cut moderate and tough rock types. This experimental and numerical research includes the application of, “Pin-on-Disk” ASTM abrasion testing, in which the failure mechanism of an interface between both the rock-like samples and (WC–Co) tungsten carbide has been investigated under different confining pressures. The research aims to investigate the wear mechanism of gypsum and concrete samples. The Particle Flow Code in three dimensions (PFC3D) was used for test simulations concurrently with the experimental setup. A drilling pin with a diameter of 0.4 m was positioned above the model. The pin was inserted into the model at speeds of 0.01 mm/s at depths of 1, 3, and 5 m. A total of nine lab tests were conducted. The tensile strength of the material was 2.5 MPa. The results show that the values of volume lost for the gypsum and concrete discs were detected as a function of sliding length, fitting to non-linear behavior. The wearing depth increased by increasing the loading force. Under constant loading force, the gypsum sample wears more than the concrete sample because gypsum is less strong than concrete. The PFC generates useful findings that experimental tests cannot provide. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Patient and family members’ experiences with language and environment when receiving bad news : a qualitative exploratory study
Get PDFObjectives. Receiving bad news about one’s health can be devastating, yet little is known about how the therapeutic nature of the environment where bad news is delivered affects the experience. The current study aimed to explore how patients and their families were affected by the language and the built, natural, social, and symbolic environments when receiving bad news, through the Therapeutic Landscapes theoretical framework. Methods. Patients diagnosed with a life-limiting illness living in regional Victoria who had a hospital admission within 24 months and a diagnostic/prognostic conversation were invited to participate, as well as a family member who witnessed the conversation. Participants were recruited through social media and snowballing, resulting in 14 online semi-structured interviews being conducted between November 2021 and March 2022, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop the themes. Results. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with women aged between 30 and 77 years. Interviews lasted between 45 and 120 minutes, with an average of 69 minutes, and were conducted online or via mobile phone. Four central themes were developed: “Hearing bad news for the first time,” “Preferences for having hard conversations,” “Creating a sense of safety for ongoing care,” and “The therapeutic nature of the ward.” Significance of results. This body of work will help inform practice and future policy regarding bad news delivery and the design and aesthetics of environments where bad news is delivered. It is essential that bad news is delivered within a quiet, calm, and emotionally safe environment within a supportive therapeutic relationship. © The Author(s), 2023
The challenge of actualising research in practice : implementing the charter of lifelong rights in childhood recordkeeping in out of home care
No full textThis paper addresses the challenges encountered when actualising research in practice, using the implementation of the Charter of Lifelong Rights in Childhood Recordkeeping in Out of Home Care as an illustrative example. We begin with overviews of the recordkeeping failures of the past and present, and the development of the Charter to address them. We imagine transformed recordkeeping and archiving systems engaging children, young people and Care leavers as creators and decision-makers about their records. We identify challenges and bar-riers to implementation and discuss the strategies designed to engage major stakeholders in implementing the Charter. The paper concludes by challenging recordkeeping regulators, recordkeeping and archival institutions, current records creators and holders, and the record-keeping and archival profession to play their essential role in enabling the realisation of this goal and identify the broader relevance of reconceptualising person-centric recordkeeping. © 2024 Golding et al. Published by Australian Society of Archivists
Exploring the roles played by trust and technology in the online investment fraud victimisation process
Get PDFThis study provides a novel analysis of the roles played by trusting relationships and technology in enabling online investment fraud victimisation. Two hundred self-report victim testimonies collected from online forums were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The themes that emerged described personal factors that may have increased victimisation risks, how victims perceived their relationship with the scammer and the nature of the scam. The findings suggested the applicability of several existing theories of trust building and technology use to understand the phenomenon of online investment fraud victimisation. Trusting relationship creation is seemingly important for building trust in longer-form scams, as well as shorter-form scams, and rich media is used by scammers both to facilitate hyperpersonal relationships and to enhance the legitimacy of both forms of investment fraud. Victims attempted to use technology to protect themselves from scammers, but these strategies fell short owing to a lack of digital literacy or inadequate technical safeguards. Future studies may further analyse the persuasive messaging used to advertise online investment fraud to understand how victims first become aware of a scam. The findings relating to victim self-protection also raised questions regarding the nature of “victimisation” in the context of online investment fraud, suggesting that future research should seek to explore the role played by online guardianship in online investment fraud further. © The Author(s) 2024
Health and wellbeing of staff working at higher education institutions globally during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period : evidence from a cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground: The ongoing global crisis of Higher Education (HE) institutions during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period has increased the likelihood of enduring psychological stressors for staff. This study aimed to identify factors associated with job insecurity, burnout, psychological distress and coping amongst staff working at HE institutions globally. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 with staff at HE institutions across 16 countries. Job insecurity was measured using the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), burnout using the Perceived Burnout measure question, psychological distress using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and coping using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Multivariable logistic regression with a stepwise variable selection method was used to identify associations. Results: A total of 2,353 staff participated; the mean age (± SD) was 43(± 10) years and 61% were females. Most staff (85%) did not feel job insecurity, one-third (29%) perceived burnout in their jobs, more than two-thirds (73%) experienced moderate to very high levels of psychological distress, and more than half (58%) exhibited medium to high resilient coping. Perceived job insecurity was associated with staff working part-time [Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.53 (95% Confidence Intervals 1.15–2.02)], having an academic appointment [2.45 (1.78–3.27)], having multiple co-morbidities [1.86 (1.41–2.48)], perceived burnout [1.99 (1.54–2.56)] and moderate to very high level of psychological distress [1.68 (1.18–2.39)]. Perceived burnout was associated with being female [1.35 (1.12–1.63)], having multiple co-morbidities [1.53 (1.20–1.97)], perceived job insecurity [1.99 (1.55–2.57)], and moderate to very high levels of psychological distress [3.23 (2.42–4.30)]. Staff with multiple co-morbidities [1.46 (1.11–1.92)], mental health issues [2.73 (1.79–4.15)], perceived job insecurity [1.61 (1.13–2.30)], and perceived burnout [3.22 (2.41–4.31)] were associated with moderate to very high levels of psychological distress. Staff who perceived their mental health as good to excellent [3.36 (2.69–4.19)] were more likely to have medium to high resilient coping. Conclusions: Factors identified in this study should be considered in reviewing and updating current support strategies for staff at HE institutions across all countries to reduce stress and burnout and improve wellbeing. © The Author(s) 2024. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Pritmoy Das, Sheikh Alif, Masudus Salehin, Biswajit Banik, Bindu Joseph, Parul Parul, Andrew Lewis, Dixie Statham, Joanne Porter, Wendy Cross, Remco Polman” is provided in this record*
Views of mental health nurses on responding to clinical aggression on general wards
Get PDFThe overall aim of this study was to explore the views of mental health nurses (MHNs) about their experience of responding to workplace violence (WPV) and aggression (code greys and blacks) within acute general wards. WPV continues to pose a significant source of challenge within healthcare settings despite several initiatives that have been trialled over the years. It has the potential to impact patient care and overall staff health and well-being. Nurses play a significant role in the management of WPV; hence, it is important to understand how they respond to and manage incidents of WPV. The study design was an explorative descriptive qualitative design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving n = 10 MHNs working within a mental health consultation liaison team that responds to incidents of violence and aggression (codes grey and black) in acute general wards. Participants were recruited using a convenient sampling method. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study highlighted the following themes: (1) Patient care (subthemes: patient frustration with hospital processes, lack of time and resources); (2) Staffing skills and confidence (subthemes: lack of adequate training, inability to intervene early and communication skills); (3) Understanding patient behaviours (subthemes: it's a psychiatry problem and zero tolerance approach). The management of WPV within acute hospital settings needs to be given due attention by healthcare services. Although a number of organisations are developing measures and guidelines to manage WPV, there is still a gap in the ability of general nursing staff to properly manage such incidences. Proper attention needs to be taken to the training of staff. © 2024 The Author(s). International Journal of Mental Health Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Perspectives of mental health nurses about sexual safety in acute inpatient mental health units
Get PDFThe overall aim of this study is to explore the views of mental health nurses (MHNs) about the sexual safety of consumers receiving care in acute inpatient units. In Australia, people accessing mental health inpatient units have reported feeling unsafe while receiving care including experiences of sexual harassment and abuse from other patients. There has been no study to date that has explored the views of the MHNs providing care. An explorative descriptive qualitative study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving n = 8 MHNs working on a metropolitan acute inpatient unit recruited using purposive convenience sampling. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study highlighted the themes of ‘It's everyone's job to keep the patient safe’, ‘Going over expectations’, ‘Impact on patients’ and ‘Built environment’. Participants in this study believed that the sexual safety of patients in the inpatient unit is everyone's responsibility and that it was important during the admission process to ensure patients are aware of how to both seek help if needed and ensure that their actions or behaviours do not pose sexual safety concerns in others. Ensuring sexual safety in the mental health inpatient units is a complex issue that requires evidence-based multipronged interventions involving all key stakeholders within the units. © 2024 The Author(s). International Journal of Mental Health Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Seed ecology of the arid zone invasive thistle; Centaurea melitensis L. : a study of the effects of seasonal temperature, pH, salinity and moisture stress
Get PDFCentaurea melitensis L., known commonly as Malta thistle, is an aggressive and invasive weed species native to the Mediterranean region. This species now occupies a diverse range of ecosystems and climate types across the globe, including the semi-arid zone of New South Wales, Australia. This semi-arid climate differs dramatically from its native Mediterranean climate, therefore, we aimed to identify if local adaptations in the seed ecology for C. melitensis have developed. Seeds were collected from mature C. melitensis at Nanya Station, located within the Scotia region of NSW, and then transported to Federation University Australia, Mt. Helen, Victoria. Under laboratory conditions, mature seeds were tested for their germination responses to temperature (17/7, 25/15, 30/20, 35/25°C), photoperiod (12 h light and 12 h dark [L/D], 24 h dark [D]), salinity (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM), osmotic potential (0