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Mechanical vs Manual CPR
No full textAbstract
Problem
Efficient and effective CPR is challenging in the prehospital setting due to the lack of staff, lack of resources, and having to code a patient in the back of a moving vehicle. These problems led to the creation of the mechanical CPR device. But, the evidence of the benefits of the mechanical CPR devices versus doing manual CPR are controversial.
Purpose
The aim of this research project is to determine if manual or mechanical CPR is superior in terms of positive patient outcomes. The outcomes are obtaining the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to discharge, survival to discharge with favorable neurologic outcomes, and lack of injury related to CPR.
Methods
This is a quantitative quasi experimental retrospective project. This project will gather information from local emergency departments and fire/rescue departments about past cardiac arrests. The outcomes of the patients will be split between manual and mechanical CPR and compared.
Conclusion
This researcher believes the research project will not find significant evidence that mechanical or manual CPR is overall superior. This researcher also believes that mechanical CPR will be linked to a higher risk of injury related to CPR
Marketing and Mass Production of the Auto-Adjusting Tripod
No full textThe tripod is a tool used by many industries and hobbyists to support equipment at a desired height. When in use, they are often relied on to hold expensive technological equipment. Because of this, it is important that tripods are strong, reliable, and easy to use. For a user who strives for the best angle or height for their equipment, it is integral that their tripod adjustment is made as efficient as possible. However, manually adjusting a tripod is often frustrating and tedious to deal with, especially when frequently changing positions or locations.
The Auto-Adjust Tripod project was proposed capstone project to solve this inconvenience. The idea was to allow for electric motor-powered adjustments in each leg. The tripod would also have an option to automatically level itself. These quality-of-life features would make the adjusting experience easier. This project is a university funded project with no intention of continuing progress. This enhancement project aims to look at the finances if the product were to be mass produced and marketed.
In this project, design changes are considered. Material and estimated manufacturing prices are considered and analyzed. Standards and codes are also presented. Lastly, improvements that could be made in the future to make profit margins better are discussed. This project takes on the question of how a company would sell the Auto-Leveling Tripod
Psilocybin prevents symptoms of hyperarousal and enhances novel object recognition in rats exposed to the single prolonged stress paradigm
Get PDFPharmacotherapy for stress-related psychological disorders remains inadequate. Patients who are treated with conventional pharmacological agents frequently report negligeable symptom reduction, and, in most cases, less than 50% experience full remission. Clearly, there is a need for additional pharmaceutical research into both established and novel approaches to alleviate these conditions. Over the past several years, there has been a renewed interest in the use of psychedelics to aid in the treatment of psychological disorders. Several studies have reported promising results in patients with major depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following treatment with psychedelic agents such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ayahuasca, ketamine, and psilocybin. However, the precise behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms for these effects remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to develop an animal model of PTSD that involved prophylactic treatment with psilocybin, a 5-HT2A agonist, that could be used to further understand the mechanisms underlying the benefit of psychedelic substances in treating these disorders. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the single prolonged stress (SPS) paradigm, including 2 hours of physical restraint, 15 minutes of forced swim, and ether vapor exposure until loss of consciousness. Five minutes following ether-induced loss of consciousness, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle (0.9% saline) or psilocybin (1 mg/kg). One week later, the rats underwent a battery of behavioral tests, including the elevated plus maze (EPM), startle response assessment, open field testing, and novel object recognition (NOR) testing. No effects of SPS or psilocybin were observed for EPM behavior. SPS led to enhanced startle responses in males, but not females, which was prevented by psilocybin. SPS also increased locomotor activity in the open field in males, but not females, and this effect was not prevented by psilocybin. SPS had no impact on NOR memory in males, but enhanced memory in females. Interestingly, psilocybin administration, alone or in combination with SPS, enhanced NOR memory in males only. These findings support a complex interaction between the administration of psilocybin and the prevention of stress-induced behavioral sequelae that depends on both sex and the type of behavioral task
Tunnel vision, false memories, and intrusive memories following exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test
Get PDFMost research examining the impact of stress on learning and memory has exposed participants to a stressor and measured how it affects learning and memory for unrelated material (e.g., list of words). Such work has been helpful, but it has not been the most translational to the human condition. When considering phenomena such as intrusive memories in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or an eyewitness\u27s memory for a crime, it is most useful to know what an individual remembers about the stress experience itself, not unrelated information. In prior work, investigators used a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to quantify participant memory for the stressor. We aimed to replicate this work by examining participant memory for the TSST and extend on it by quantifying false and intrusive memories that result from TSST exposure. Forty-six undergraduate students from Ohio Northern University were exposed to the TSST or the friendly-TSST (f-TSST). The TSST required participants to deliver a ten-minute speech in front of two lab panel members as part of a mock job interview; the f-TSST required participants to casually converse with the panel members about their interests and hobbies. In both conditions, the panel members interacted with (central) or did not interact with (peripheral) several objects sitting on a desk in front of them. Participants’ anxiety levels were assessed before and after the TSST or f-TSST, and saliva samples were collected to assay for cortisol. The next day, participants’ memory for the objects that were present on Day 1 was assessed with recall and recognition tests. We also quantified participants’ intrusive memories for each task by having them complete an intrusive memory questionnaire on Days 2, 4, 6, and 8. Participants exposed to the TSST exhibited greater recall of central objects than participants exposed to the f-TSST. There were no differences observed for the recall of peripheral objects or for recognition memory. Interestingly, TSST exposure increased false recall in males, but reduced it in females. Females exposed to the TSST also showed greater evidence of intrusive memories than males exposed to the TSST. Consistent with prior work, these findings show that stress enhances memory for the central details of a stressful experience. They also extend on prior work by showing that stressful experiences sex-dependently impact the manifestation of false and intrusive memories. This is the first study of which we are aware to quantify intrusive memory formation with the TSST; the modified TSST paradigm may be useful in understanding differential susceptibility to intrusive memory formation and the development of PTSD
Pre-natal Versus Post-natal Surgical Intervention on Outcomes of Spina Bifida Neonates
No full textAbstract
Problem: Spina bifida is a birth defect characterized by the failure of the neural tube to fuse and develop properly while in the womb. This malformation can have devastating effects on the life of the infant if not treated properly. Numerous surgical interventions are available to correct the open sacs on the spinal cord.
Purpose: The purpose of this project is to research how infants diagnosed with spina bifida progress physiologically, neurologically, and with their bowel and bladder development based on the type of intervention and how early it is performed. The study evaluates fetal repair surgery versus post birth surgery.
Methods: A mixed-methods, cohort study design will be used. The study will involve participants diagnosed with spina bifida who elect to undergo either prenatal repair or postnatal repair. Physiological outcomes, neurological outcomes, and bowel and bladder elimination will be compared at different age stages. A survey will collect information from the patients to compare the effectiveness of the two surgical options.
Conclusion: Fetal repair has been found to have more positive outcomes for spina bifida patients. Repairing the spinal malformation early in the infant’s development prevents secondary complications from occurring. As a result, the patients can develop more normally and be more independent
Family Drug Courts
Get PDFSurprisingly few people know very much about the role of family drug courts. These courts are intimately involved with issues related to criminal justice, child welfare, drug abuse, mental health, and rehabilitation. The work of family drug courts has been shown to be highly effective in supporting drug rehabilitation and family reunification
