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Structural and magnetic properties of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga-Zr nanocrystalline alloy
No full text(Fe1-xGax)92Zr8 amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys with x = 0.15 to x = 0.36 were investigated to improve the magnetic softness of Galfenol-type alloys and to evaluate their magnetostrictive properties. The samples were prepared by melt spinning of arc melted ingots. The rapidly solidified ribbons were annealed at 823 K for 1 h to produce a nanocrystalline structure. X-ray Diffraction data showed that after annealing, bodycentered cubic (BCC) Fe-Ga phase crystallized for x = 0.15 to x = 0.26. When x exceeded 0.26, the ribbons crystallized into BCC and a ternary intermetallic phase (i.e., ZrFe6Ga6) which has deteriorating effect on saturation magnetization, magnetic softness and magnetostriction coefficient. The annealed ribbons\u27 saturation magnetization value decreases from 126 Am2/kg to 54 Am2/kg as the Ga content increased from x = 0.15 to x = 0.36. The alloy with x = 0.26 annealed at 823 K for 1 h shows a peak magnetostriction of 10 ppm with saturation magnetization of 110 Am2/kg and coercivity of 260 A/m. (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Hierarchical Interactions and Compliance in Comparative Courts
No full textGiven their place within the judicial hierarchy, judges on lower courts face a complex array of challenges including heavy caseloads, mandatory dockets, and the threat of Supreme Court reversal. Despite the extensive scholarship on the American courts, little is known about judicial interactions in comparative contexts. We articulate and evaluate a framework for lower court adherence to Supreme Court precedents by leveraging a cross-national design in three countries-Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States-with similar systems but meaningful institutional variability. We find that the mechanisms promulgating adherence to Supreme Court precedents do not substantially vary across design or institutional context. Instead, our results demonstrate that legal factors exert a consistent, homogeneous effect on lower court compliance across judicial systems. Our work offers new and important implications for studies on law and courts and comparative institutions, more broadly
How Metaphor and Political Ideology Shape Lay Theories of Mental Disorders
No full textIntroduction: Lay theories of mental disorders impact social attitudes, stigma, and treatment seeking. We investigated whether common metaphors in mental health discourse shape lay beliefs about clinical disorders.
Methods: Participants (N = 685) read a paragraph describing drug addiction (Experiment 1) or depression (Experiment 2) as either a demon or brain disease. They then reported their beliefs about and attitudes toward the condition.
Results: Participants exposed to the brain disease frame expressed more support for a “medicalized” lay theory associated with a belief in underlying biological causes. We also found that participants with conservative political views held a more “moralized” view of both addiction and depression. This view is associated with a belief in personal causes, support for informal—as opposed to medical or psychological—treatments, and greater attributions of personal responsibility.
Discussion: These findings help illuminate the factors that shape lay theories of mental disorders and have important implications for health communications
Digital Contact Tracing: Examining the Effects of Understanding and Release Organization on Public Trust
No full textContact tracing has existed in various forms for a very long time. With the rise of COVID-19, the concept has become increasingly important to help slow the spread of the virus. One approach to modernizing contact tracing is to introduce applications that detect all close contacts without individuals having to interact knowingly. 101 United States adults were surveyed in June of 2022 regarding their perceptions and trust of COVID-19 contact tracing applications. We see no definitive correlation between an individual’s understanding of privacy protection procedures for contact tracing applications and their willingness to trust such an application. We also see that the release of the application by a private entity like Google-Apple or by a public entity like the United States Federal Government has no significant correlation with a person’s trust in the application
The Kalam Cosmological Argument and Actual Infinity
No full textDid the universe begin, and if so what caused it? In this paper, I analyze the Kalam Cosmological Argument and various objections against it. The Kalam Cosmological Argument essentially states that anything which begins has a cause, the universe began to exist, so the universe has a cause of its existence. I begin with a detailed explanation of what the Kalam Cosmological Argument is and then proceed to a discussion of arguments against the existence of infinity. Then, I consider objections against the claim that infinity cannot exist. After weighing these objections, I argue that the Kalam Cosmological Argument needs to be revised in certain ways in order to prove its conclusion that the universe had a beginning. I go about this by revising the premises regarding the existence of infinity and the notion of counting to infinity. In addition, if the Kalam Cosmological Argument cannot be revised in these ways we need to ultimately reject it
Catechol-Based Colorimetric Sensors for Heavy Metal Ions
No full textCatechols are important functional groups found in melanin pigments. Earlier our lab found that coating formed from the polymerization of catechols on membrane discs can change color when exposed to various metal ions, including toxic metals such as lead and cadmium. Optimization of the response and selectivity could lead to practical colorimetric sensors. However, there are gaps in our understanding of the structural changes and response selectivity to metal ion binding for catechol materials. Thus, we are working to understand the color change process at a molecular level via quantitative colorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infared (IR) and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Experiments thus far have shown that exposure to metal ions causes changes on even after removing metal ions. Preliminary NMR findings indicate there is breakdown within the aromatic region of our compounds over the course of synthesis and equilibriation with metal ions. Different types of catechol, e.g. 4-methyl-catechol and 4-ethyl-catechol, experience differences in their responses to metal ions that we are beginning to correlate to changes in their NMR spectra. This helps us understand the temporary noncovalent and permanent covalent processes that develop and trigger colorimetric changes in catechol-based coatings. This poster will cover recent results toward the goal of developing practical colorimetric sensors for toxic metal ions in water
Vivir en resistencia del olvido: Las personas mayores víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano
No full textEsta tesis de honores establece la importancia de reconocer y ampliar las voces de personas mayores víctimas del conflicto armado interno colombiano (1964-2016) y sus experiencias para asegurar las condiciones de paz y fortalecer la memoria histórica en Colombia. La primera parte analiza el impacto de los hechos victimizantes en una vejez digna. Debido a que las pérdidas impuestas por el conflicto armado interrumpen drásticamente la preparación para la vejez, las condiciones de vida de los adultos mayores víctimas revelan las secuelas invisibles de múltiples dimensiones de la guerra en forma de crisis humanitaria. La segunda parte evidencia que al integrar la perspectiva de la vejez en los procesos de paz se reduce la indiferencia ante las huellas físicas y emocionales del conflicto armado en los adultos mayores. A través de un análisis de quince entrevistas con víctimas del departamento de Antioquia, esta segunda parte demuestra que la resistencia a las prescripciones sociales sobre la vejez explica el poder de personas mayores víctimas como disidentes políticos. Finalmente, la tercera parte examina tres obras de teatro que destacan las historias de personas mayores víctimas. El escenario teatral permite la transportación de la memoria del pasado al presente y del mundo privado al público. Por lo tanto, el teatro revela las contribuciones de las personas mayores al procesamiento de la memoria histórica en la conciencia nacional. En síntesis, esta tesis demuestra que las experiencias de envejecer a la par del conflicto armado permiten realizar innumerables encuentros con la historia de la guerra que cuestionan las narrativas sencillas y estereotipadas y, como resultado, las personas mayores víctimas existen como resistencia al olvido
“This Here is a Lesbian Museum”: Exploring Queerness Narratives in U.S. Historic House Museums, 1932-Present
No full textStructure Theorems for Distributions and Tempered Distributions
No full textIn this paper, we prove the structure theorems for the space of compactly supported distributions (E′(R)), distributions (D′(R)), and tempered distributions (S′(R)). We introduce a notion of antiderivative defined on the distribution class D′(R), and use the Riesz representation theorem to show that each element of space E′(R) can be written as a derivative of a distribution generated by a continuous function. Then, we show that the result for E′(R) may be extended to the spaces D′(R) and S′(R) with some modifications. For D′(R), we extend our conclusion about E′(R) via a partition of unity. For S′(R), we modify the definition of the distributional antiderivative, based on which we prove that each element of the space S′(R) can be written as a derivative of a tempered distribution generated by a polynomially bounded continuous function