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The Novel as Oracle and the Voice of Women Writers: Nadia Terranova’s “The Night Trembles,” Translated from Italian by Ann Goldstein
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First Surveillance: An Anthropology of Gen Z Parental Internet Supervision
No full textTechnological advancements in internet communications have led to changes in how young people’s behavior is monitored and shaped in their families and schools. The debate about the impacts of the rise of internet use and the creation of a new generation of digital natives is polarized: Some believe that internet restrictions on youth are undemocratic and counterproductive, and others connect internet use to social problems among youth—such as shortened attention spans, apathy, and increased vulnerability to predatory behavior. This article analyzes life history interviews of young people that focus on their use of technology and how it is regulated by their parents. I show how the social norms associated with the digital lives of youth can vary and evolve, often in unpredictable ways. This suggests that governance efforts likely need to be dynamic and capable of changing in ways that keep pace with new forms of sociality
Africanizing Manifestos: The Political Economics of Sincerity in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania
No full textIn May 1967, Joseph Mobutu, the dictator of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and his political party the Movement Populaire de la Révolution (MPR), published the Manifesto of N’sele, the backbone of his Authentécité ideology. That same year, Tanzania’s president, Julius Nyerere released his Arusha Declaration, officially establishing African Socialism in the country through Ujamaa. Both texts outline a plan to Africanize their respective countries as the primary strategy to develop beyond the legacies of colonialism. Despite the similarities– both emphasize the creation of a unified national identity, and the goal of economic stability through increased government involvement– the effects of their policies led the countries down vastly different paths.
Nyerere’s economic policies were deeply intertwined with his social policies, working in tandem in an attempt to eliminate class divides. Education programs encouraged collaboration and taught skills that were valuable for Tanzania’s agrarian economy. Africanization in this case was an all-encompassing point of inspiration to achieve a comparatively stable and anti-colonial culture and economy. Conversely, Mobutu’s social policies were largely divorced from economic policies. He used Africanization as a narrative to distract from growing class divides and strengthen the capitalist class to the benefit of foreign governments, resulting in increased economic dependence on the Global North and decreased political stability. This comparison ultimately reveals that economic independence is contingent on successfully resisting foreign (particularly global capitalist) influence, and that this itself can only be achieved when social policies are strengthened with the corresponding economic action
Introversion and Friendship Preferences
No full textHow are friendships formed, and how do we decide which people will become our friends? This study examined if friendship preferences differ based on personality traits, such as introversion, and the consequences that these preferences may have for the formation and maintenance of our social networks.
To test this idea, participants were asked to choose if their friends consisted of people who were involved in a singular/few aspects of their lives or people who were involved in many aspects of their lives. Participants were also asked to indicate how important it would be for them to have many friends, how difficult it would be for them to find good friends, and how committed they were to their friends. Because introverts tend to have smaller social circles than extroverts, and struggle to form close relationships, we reasoned that introverts may benefit from a flexible friendship formation strategy. Therefore, we hypothesized that as introversion increased, participants\u27 preferences for friends who are involved in singular aspects of their lives should also increase. Preliminary results did not support this hypothesis. Although we observed a trend in the predicted direction between introversion and friendship preferences, these results were not statistically significant. Results, however, indicated, that as introversion increased, participants found it less important to have many friends, reported greater difficulty in finding good friends, and greater commitment to their friends. These findings support the idea that introverts find it difficult to expand their social networks and raise questions about the psychological mechanisms that drive these outcomes
Enhanced Star Formation and Black Hole Accretion Rates in Galaxy Mergers in IllustrisTNG50
No full textMany theoretical and observational studies have suggested that galaxy mergers may trigger enhanced star formation or active galactic nucleus activity. We present an analysis of merging and nonmerging galaxies from 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 3 in the IllustrisTNG50 simulation. These galaxies encompass a range of masses (M⋆ \u3e 108 M⊙) and mass ratios (≥1:10) and multiple merger stages. We examine the effect that galaxy mergers have on star formation and black hole accretion rates in the TNG50 universe. We additionally investigate how galaxy and black hole mass, merger stage, merger mass ratio, and redshift affect these quantities. Mergers in our sample show excess specific star formation rates (sSFR) at z ≤ 3 and enhanced specific black hole accretion rates (sBHAR) at z ≲ 2. The difference between sSFRs and sBHARs in the merging sample compared to the nonmerging sample increases as redshift decreases. Additionally, we show that these enhancements persist for at least ∼1 Gyr after the merger event. Investigating how mergers behave in the TNG50 simulation throughout cosmic time enables both a better appreciation of the importance of spatial resolution in cosmological simulations and a better basis to understand our high-z Universe with observations from JWST
Studies on the Mechanism of Styrene Elimination from Sulfilimines: Hammett and Kinetic Isotope Effect Analysis and Computation
No full textN-Acylsulfenamides can be efficiently prepared by a one-pot synthetic sequence via S-functionalization of N-acyl S-phenethyl sulfenamides, utilizing diverse (hetero)aryl and alkenyl iodide and boronic acid inputs to give sulfilimines that then undergo concerted elimination of styrene. To probe the mechanism of styrene elimination from sulfilimines, a Hammett analysis was performed with substituents placed on both the S-aryl and S-phenethyl groups. Positive Hammett ρ values established a modest negative charge build up at both positions, with greater charge buildup at the phenethyl site. A primary isotope effect of 5.4 at the benzyl site was also determined through the synthesis of a deuterated sulfilimine and is consistent with significant C–H bond cleavage at the benzylic carbon in the transition state. Computation provides strong support for the proposed concerted elimination mechanism
