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Are Smartphones Outsmarting Us? Examining the effects that smartphone presence has on connectedness to nature and well-being
No full textMusical Experience and Autism Symptomatology on the Encoding of Temporal Audiovisual Information
No full textNeural circuitry encodes relevant temporal features from natural, audiovisual, rhythmic events via entrainment. While musical experience has been shown to enhance entrainment, autistic traits have been associated with deficit behavior on unisensory and multisensory tasks. Given the gap in knowledge regarding how individual differences impact entrainment, the purpose of this study is to better understand the processing of frequency-tagged dynamic audiovisual stimuli between groups based on musical experience (ME) and autistic traits (measured by the autism quotient, AQ). Through psychophysical synchrony judgements and electroencephalography (EEG), this study compares perception of audiovisual synchrony and the encoding power for each composite stimulus between ME and AQ groups. Additionally, superadditivity is used to measure the neural enhancement of multisensory stimuli compared to the processing of the composite unisensory stimuli. The findings of this study suggest no differences in asynchrony detection between ME or AQ groups. However, EEG findings indicate that trained musicians have stronger encoding of unisensory stimuli compared to inexperienced musicians. Those with low AQ tend to be better at encoding high frequency multisensory stimuli and have increased superadditivity compared to those with high AQ. Future research in this area will investigate interactions between musical experience and Autism Spectrum Disorder in order to understand its use as a therapeutic tool in addressing some of the impairments to temporal encoding
Sex Difference in Cocaine-Induced Impulsivity: Contribution of the Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine System and Estradiol
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Internalized Racism and Asian American Mental Health
No full textEngaging the duality of Asian American racialization, as both a devalued other and as an idealized other, may provide a more complete understanding of internalized racism and its negative impact on Asian American mental health. In this study, we investigated how two internalized racism constructs-internalized racial and ethnic inferiority (IR-inferiority) and internalized meritocracy (IR-meritocracy)-together inform the association between racism-related stress and Asian Americans\u27 symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. We used structural equation modeling with robust maximum likelihood to analyze survey data from 430 ethnically diverse Asian Americans (male = 224, female = 201) between 18 and 67 years (M = 30.5, SD = 8.5). IR-inferiority was comprised of measures that reflect internalized devaluing racism, including appropriated racial oppression (Appropriated Racial Oppression Scale; Camp & oacute;n & Carter, 2015) and colonial mentality (Colonial Mentality Scale; David & Okazaki, 2006). IR-meritocracy incorporated measures that reflect idealized racism (Internalization of the Model Minority Myth Measure; Yoo et al., 2010) and color-blind racial ideology (Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale; Neville et al., 2000). The structural model supported a moderated mediation, such that the indirect association of racism-related stress and increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress through IR-inferiority was conditional upon levels of IR-meritocracy. Results suggest that decreasing levels of internalized meritocracy may help interrupt the ways that racism contributes to internalized inferiority, thereby promoting more positive mental health outcomes for Asian Americans
PULSE Ambassadors program: empowering departments to transform STEM education for inclusion and student success
No full textThe Partnership for Undergraduate Life Sciences Education (PULSE) is a non-profit educational organization committed to promoting the transformation of undergraduate STEM education by supporting departments in removing barriers to access, equity, and inclusion and in adopting evidence-based teaching and learning practices. The PULSE Ambassadors Campus Workshop program enables faculty and staff members of host departments to 1) develop communication, shared leadership, and inclusion skills for effective team learning; 2) implement facilitative leadership skills (e.g., empathic listening and collaboration); 3) create a shared vision and departmental action plan; and 4) integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion practices in the department and curriculum. From the first workshop in 2014, teams of trained Ambassadors conducted workshops at 58 institutions, including associate, bachelor, master, and doctoral institutions. In their workshop requests, departments cited several motivations: desire to revise and align their curriculum with Vision and Change recommendations, need for assistance with ongoing curricular reform, and wish for external assistance with planning processes and communication. Formative assessments during and immediately following workshops indicated that key outcomes were met. Post-workshop interviews of four departments confirm progress achieved on action items and development of individual department members as agents of change. The PULSE Ambassadors program continues to engage departments to improve undergraduate STEM education and prepare departments for the challenges and uncertainties of the changing higher education landscape
NMR-guided refinement of crystal structures using \u3csup\u3e15\u3c/sup\u3eN chemical shift tensors
No full textAn NMR-guided procedure for refining crystal structures has recently been introduced and shown to produce unusually high resolution structures. Herein, this procedure, is modified to include 15N shift tensors instead of the C-13 values employed previously. This refinement involves six benchmark structures and 45 15N tensors. All refined structures show a statistically significant improvement in NMR fit over energy based refinements. Metrics other than NMR agreement indicate that NMR refinement does not introduce errors with no significant changes observed in atom positions or diffraction patterns. However, refinement does change bond lengths by more than experimental uncertainty with most bond types become shorter than diffraction values. Although this decrease is small (1-4 pm), it significantly alters computed 15N tensors. The NMR refinement was further evaluated by refining two tripeptides. These structures rapidly converged and achieved an NMR agreement equivalent to benchmark values. To ensure accurate comparisons, a complete atomic structure of the tripeptide AGG was determined by single crystal neutron diffraction at 0.58 & Aring; resolution, allowing unambiguous determination of all hydrogen positions. To verify that all NMR refinements represent genuine improvements rather than artifacts of DFT methods, an independent approach was included to evaluate the final NMR refined coordinates. This analysis employs cluster methods and the PBE0 functional. The unusually small 15N NMR root-mean-square error of the final refined structures (3.6 ppm) supports the conclusion that the changes made represent improvements over both diffraction coordinates and lattice-including DFT energy refined coordinates
The Impact of Interpersonal Power on Accurate Emotion Perception in the Face of Conflicting Emotional Cues: A Partial Replication of Civile and Obhi (2016)
No full textThe Face-Body Congruency Effect (FBCE) refers to the phenomenon whereby individuals are less accurate when categorizing emotional expressions from faces or bodies when the expression is paired with an incongruent emotional cue. Civile and Obhi (2016) discovered that priming individuals to feel powerful decreased the steepness of the FBCE for those individuals. The current research sought to simultaneously replicate these findings and investigate the mechanisms driving the effect. In the current study, participants were randomly assigned to a power-priming condition or a control group and then asked to complete two emotion-recognition tasks in a randomized order. One task asked participants to quickly identify emotion from facial expressions while ignoring sometimes incongruent body language, and the other task asked participants to quickly identify emotion from bodies while ignoring sometimes incongruent facial expressions. Results indicated an overall effect of the FBCE, however in the face-recognition task, individuals were surprisingly more accurate at identifying faces when body language was incongruent. Individuals were also more accurate in the face task than the body task overall. No impact of power priming was identified in any analyses. Potential explanations for these results – the sample’s unusual relationship with power, issues with stimulus materials, faulty methods – are discussed along with directions for future research
