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Library Perspectives, Issue 70, Winter 2024
No full textThis issue includes items about the First Annual Edible Book Festival, updates to Azariah\u27s Café, the Libraries\u27 Winter Term courses, the digitization of Spanish plays from the 17th-20th century, upcoming events, and new Friends of the Oberlin College Libraries officers and council members.https://digitalcommons.oberlin.edu/perspectives/1129/thumbnail.jp
Next-Generation LED Display Control: Simplified Python Solutions on Raspberry Pi
No full textThe fundamental concepts, while crucial, can sometimes feel abstract and disconnected from the creative power of coding in most students taking computer science courses. Media Computation, where students draw and edit images programmatically, has been shown to be a best practice in teaching Introduction to Computer Science since it derives concrete examples from abstract ones. Oberlin\u27s CSCI 150 uses a Python module called the picture to allow students to programmatically draw and display images by creating lines and shapes and modifying images pixel by pixel. In this project, we extend the picture module to add the ability to display images on a 128 by 128 LED matrix. We developed sample demonstration programs to make it easy for students to learn, and this will allow them to manipulate easily for animations and pattern development. Future work will look at whether the ability to display their work on a large LED matrix will increase student excitement and motivation about Computer Science, which can later be introduced in the introductory course
Localizing somatic symptoms associated with childhood maltreatment
No full textChildhood maltreatment has been linked to adult somatic symptoms, although this has rarely been examined in daily life. Furthermore, the localization of somatization associated with childhood maltreatment and its subtypes is unknown. This large - scale experience sampling study used body maps to examine the relationships between childhood maltreatment, its subtypes, and the intensity and location of negative somatic sensations in daily life. Participants (N = 2,234; 33% female and 67% male) were part of MyBPLab 2.0, a study conducted using a bespoke mobile phone application. Four categories of childhood maltreatment (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect) were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Using gender - matched human silhouettes, participants indicated the location and intensity of feelings of negative activation in the body. Childhood maltreatment generally and its four measured subtypes were all positively associated with heightened negative activation on both the front and back body maps. For females, total childhood maltreatment was associated with negative activation in the abdomen and lower back, while for males, the association was localized to the lower back. Similarly, each of the four subscales had localized associations with negative activation in the abdomen and lower back in females and lower back in males, except for emotional abuse, which was also associated with negative activation in the abdomen in males. These associations likely reflect increased somatization in individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment, suggesting a role for psychotherapeutic interventions in alleviating associated distress
Numerical Semigroups via Projections and via Quotients
No full textWe examine two natural operations to create numerical semigroups. We say that a numerical semigroup is k-normalescent if it is the projection of the set of integer points in a k-dimensional polyhedral cone, and we say that is a k-quotient if it is the quotient of a numerical semigroup with k generators. We prove that all k-quotients are k-normalescent, and although the converse is false in general, we prove that the projection of the set of integer points in a cone with k extreme rays (possibly lying in a dimension smaller than k) is a k-quotient. The discrete geometric perspective of studying cones is useful for studying k-quotients: in particular, we use it to prove that the sum of a -quotient and a -quotient is a -quotient. In addition, we prove several results about when a numerical semigroup is not k-normalescent
Constitutive Activation of RpoH and the Addition of L-arabinose Influence Antibiotic Sensitivity of PHL628 \u3ci\u3eE. coli\u3c/i\u3e
No full textAntibiotics are used to combat the ever-present threat of infectious diseases, but bacteria are continually evolving an assortment of defenses that enable their survival against even the most potent treatments. While the demand for novel antibiotic agents is high, the discovery of a new agent is exceedingly rare. We chose to focus on understanding how different signal transduction pathways in the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) influence the sensitivity of the organism to antibiotics from three different classes: tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and levofloxacin. Using the PHL628 strain of E. coli, we exogenously overexpressed two transcription factors, FliA and RpoH.I54N (a constitutively active mutant), to determine their influence on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum duration of killing (MDK) concentration for each of the studied antibiotics. We hypothesized that activating these pathways, which upregulate genes that respond to specific stressors, could mitigate bacterial response to antibiotic treatment. We also compared the exogenous overexpression of the constitutively active RpoH mutant to thermal heat shock that has feedback loops maintained. While FliA overexpression had no impact on MIC or antibiotic tolerance, RpoH.I54N overexpression reduced the MIC for tetracycline and chloramphenicol but had no independent impact on antibiotic tolerance. Thermal heat shock alone also did not affect MIC or antibiotic tolerance. L-arabinose, the small molecule used to induce expression in our system, unexpectedly independently increased the MICs for tetracycline (\u3e2-fold) and levofloxacin (3-fold). Additionally, the combination of thermal heat shock and arabinose provided a synergistic, 5-fold increase in MIC for chloramphenicol. Arabinose increased the tolerance, as assessed by MDK99, for chloramphenicol (2-fold) and levofloxacin (4-fold). These experiments highlight the potential of the RpoH pathway to modulate antibiotic sensitivity and the emerging implication of arabinose in enhanced MIC and antibiotic tolerance
Every action has a reaction: A model of coworker reactions to sexual minority employees\u27 identity disclosure
No full textThe current study examines the predictors and consequences of the ways coworkers react following sexual identity disclosure. We propose that employees may experience different reactions following disclosure depending on their social and sexual identities and that such reactions will impact their job attitudes, well-being, and subsequent identity concealment. Data were collected from 308 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and pansexual employees using a two-wave field survey design. Results for the predictors of coworker reactions indicate that employees who identified as Black, transgender/genderqueer, or bisexual/pansexual reported they experienced more unsupportive reactions from their coworkers following the disclosure of their sexual identity as compared to White, cisgender, and gay/lesbian employees. Supplemental analyses further indicate that Black bisexual/pansexual employees experienced the least positive reactions from coworkers as compared to the other referent groups. Results examining the outcomes of coworker reactions demonstrate that positive disclosure reactions are associated with decreased job satisfaction and increased turnover intentions, emotional exhaustion, and subsequent identity concealment, whereas negative disclosure reactions are associated with increased depressive symptoms and emotional exhaustion. Findings demonstrate a need to expand on conceptual and empirical work on identity disclosure to consider coworker reactions and underscore that the disclosure experiences of sexual minority employees are not uniform
At Least You\u27re Not Neurotypical\u27: Stigma, Mental Illness Disclosure, and Social Capital Among Privileged College Students
No full textThis mixed-methods study investigated if individuals in high-resource, low-stigma environments experience any benefits from disclosing their mental illness. Participants were recruited from a small Midwestern liberal arts college. Survey data were collected on attitudes toward mental illness on campus (N = 384) that showed low levels of public stigma and moderate levels of self-stigma. Class year and mental health status were predictors of public stigma and campus-specific attitudes toward mental illness, but not self-stigma; race and gender were not significant predictors of either. Screening questions yielded 50 in-depth interviews about stigma on campus, mental illness disclosure, and students’ social capital. Qualitative coding revealed four findings: 1) students reported low levels of public stigma associated with mental illness; 2) white students, but not students of color, reported an inverted status hierarchy that incentivized mental illness disclosure; 3) white students garnered social capital from disclosing their mental illness; 4) mental illness was used by white students as a social buffer against shame over unearned privileges. In high-resource, low-stigma environments, privileged individuals may experience social motivation to publicly disclose mental illness. This has implications for student help-seeking behaviors and poor mental health outcomes on college campuses
Disentangling the effects of similarity, familiarity, and liking on social inference strategies
No full textPeople constantly make inferences about others\u27 beliefs and preferences. People can draw on various sources of information to make these inferences, including stereotypes, self-knowledge, and target-specific knowledge. What leads people to use each of these sources of information over others? The current study examined factors that influence the use of these sources of information, focusing on three interpersonal dimensions - the extent to which people feel (a) familiar with, (b) similar to, or (c) like the target. In four studies (total N = 1136), participants inferred the beliefs and preferences of others - celebrities (Studies 1a-1b), constructed fictional targets (Study 2), and actual acquaintances (Study 3). Participants also rated familiarity with, similarity to, and liking of the target. Analyses assessed the use of each source of information by comparing inferences with information provided by those sources. Familiarity was associated with greater use of target-specific knowledge, while similarity and liking were associated with self-knowledge. Low similarity and high liking were associated with increased use of stereotypes. We discuss the implication of these findings and their applicability to unique cases, including inferences about celebrities, public figures, and positively stereotyped groups, in which familiarity, similarity, and liking do not perfectly align