Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC - E-Journal)
Not a member yet
517 research outputs found
Sort by
Las Imágenes de las Movilizaciones Climáticas Juveniles en la Prensa y la Televisión en España
Get PDF
The 2019 climate mobilizations have been a novelty in climate action. A new generation of adolescents and young people have managed to draw the attention of society to the challenge of climate change, requiring government leaders to take sufficient measures to meet the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, pointing to science as a reference. This historic milestone has had Greta Thunberg as the face of the Fridays For Future student movement along with other organizations. The general objective of this article is to study the representation offered by the media of environmental activism carried out by young people in the face of the climate emergency. The methodology used has been the content analysis on television and in the press based on a structural sampling. Among the effects of youth mobilizations, supported by adult citizenship, we can find: an unprecedented volume of citizen movements for climate at global, European and national scale; the identification of the environmental issue by a whole generation; and to have achieved one of its objectives: the climate emergency declared institutionally. Las movilizaciones climáticas de 2019 han supuesto una novedad en la acción climática. Una nueva generación de adolescentes y jóvenes han logrado llamar la atención de la sociedad sobre el reto del cambio climático, requiriendo a los gobernantes valentía para tomar medidas suficientes para cumplir con El Acuerdo de París, señalando a la ciencia como referente. Este hito histórico ha tenido a Greta Thunberg como rostro del movimiento estudiantil Fridays For Future junto a otras organizaciones. El objetivo general del presente artículo es estudiar la representación que ofrecen los medios de comunicación del activismo ambiental llevado a cabo por los jóvenes frente a la emergencia climática. La metodología empleada ha sido el análisis de contenido en televisión y en prensa a partir de un muestreo estructural. Entre los efectos de las movilizaciones juveniles, apoyadas por ciudadanía adulta, se pueden encontrar: un volumen inaudito de movimientos ciudadanos por el clima a nivel mundial, europeo y nacional; la identificación de la causa ambiental por parte de toda una generación; y haber logrado uno de sus objetivos: que se declarara institucionalmente la emergencia climática.Las movilizaciones climáticas de 2019 han supuesto una novedad en la acción climática. Una nueva generación de adolescentes y jóvenes han logrado llamar la atención de la sociedad sobre el reto del cambio climático, requiriendo a los gobernantes valentía para tomar medidas suficientes para cumplir con El Acuerdo de París, señalando a la ciencia como referente. Este hito histórico ha tenido a Greta Thunberg como rostro del movimiento estudiantil Fridays For Future junto a otras organizaciones. El objetivo general del presente artículo es estudiar la representación que ofrecen los medios de comunicación del activismo ambiental llevado a cabo por los jóvenes frente a la emergencia climática. La metodología empleada ha sido el análisis de contenido en televisión y en prensa a partir de un muestreo estructural. Entre los efectos de las movilizaciones juveniles, apoyadas por ciudadanía adulta, se pueden encontrar: un volumen inaudito de movimientos ciudadanos por el clima a nivel mundial, europeo y nacional; la identificación de la causa ambiental por parte de toda una generación; y haber logrado uno de sus objetivos: que se declarara institucionalmente la emergencia climática
Enxertos Atlânticos: Apontamentos sobre Tropicalidade e Circulação de Plantas na Guiana Francesa à Época da Restauração Bourbon (C. 1815 – C. 1830)
Get PDFThis article addresses circulation of plants within French colonial space at the time of constitutional monarchy by using French Navy journals and written correspondence exchanged between colonial and metropolitan actors as historical sources. It is focused on letters regarding the debate on the practice of grafting in French Guiana coffee plantations. Its main conclusion is that horticultural techniques were continuously updated due to communication kept within the French Ministry of Marine and Colonies. Therefore, it shows to which extent the cultural appropriation of intertropical regions by European States took place through situated practices in specific ecologies, which have been outlined by a wide range of actors. These practices made the “tropics” increasingly complex as a conceptual space.O artigo aborda a circulação de plantas no espaço colonial francês à época da monarquia parlamentar, utilizando como fonte publicações produzidas pela Marinha francesa e registros da comunicação mantida entre atores baseados tanto em espaços coloniais quanto em espaços metropolitanos. Analisam-se principalmente cartas referentes ao debate sobre a prática da enxertia em plantações de café na Guiana francesa. Conclui-se que práticas de cultivo foram continuamente atualizadas em função da comunicação estabelecida no interior do Ministério da Marinha e das Colônias francês. Assim, demonstra-se em que medida a apropriação cultural de regiões intertropicais por parte de Estados centralizados europeus se deu mediante práticas situadas em ecologias específicas, para as quais colaboraram, em rede, tanto atores em espaços coloniais como em espaços metropolitanos, e em função das quais os “trópicos”, enquanto espaço conceitual, tornaram-se cada vez mais complexos.O artigo aborda a circulação de plantas no espaço colonial francês à época da monarquia parlamentar, utilizando como fonte publicações produzidas pela Marinha francesa e registros da comunicação mantida entre atores baseados tanto em espaços coloniais quanto em espaços metropolitanos. Analisam-se principalmente cartas referentes ao debate sobre a prática da enxertia em plantações de café na Guiana francesa. Conclui-se que práticas de cultivo foram continuamente atualizadas em função da comunicação estabelecida no interior do Ministério da Marinha e das Colônias francês. Assim, demonstra-se em que medida a apropriação cultural de regiões intertropicais por parte de Estados centralizados europeus se deu mediante práticas situadas em ecologias específicas, para as quais colaboraram, em rede, tanto atores em espaços coloniais como em espaços metropolitanos, e em função das quais os “trópicos”, enquanto espaço conceitual, tornaram-se cada vez mais complexos
Africa and the Americas in the Columbian Exchange: an Interview with Judith Carney
Get PDFAfrica and the Americas in the Columbian Exchange: an Interview with Judith CarneyAfrica and the Americas in the Columbian Exchange: an Interview with Judith CarneyAfrica and the Americas in the Columbian Exchange: an Interview with Judith Carne
Toxic Ghost Acres, o la dinámica de la eliminación de desechos de producción de petróleo en la Amazonía ecuatoriana, de los años setenta a noventa
Get PDFLa selva amazónica en Ecuador y sus habitantes han estado expuestos a una contaminación a gran escala desde el inicio de la industria petrolera de la región en la década de 1960. Este documento investiga las prácticas de gestión de residuos de Texaco Petroleum Company que dominó la exploración y extracción de petróleo hasta la década de 1990. La extracción de recursos industriales y la contaminación crónica resultante por las prácticas de eliminación de residuos indican la creación sistemática de patrones de externalización. Este documento propone estudiar las prácticas de externalización tales como toxic ghost acres (superficies fantasmas tóxicas), examinando las piscinas de desechos como su materialización más tangible en la Amazonía. Esta contribución a las prácticas de gestión de residuos de Texaco extrapola toxic ghost acres como un mecanismo de externalización transregional de los costos económicos y socioecológicos que funcionan exponiendo un lugar a un peligro transfiriéndolo allí o evitando la gestión adecuada de los riesgos producidos in situ. Texaco se vio involucrado en el establecimiento de un sistema de gestión de residuos basado en toxic ghost acres en toda la región.La selva amazónica en Ecuador y sus habitantes han estado expuestos a una contaminación a gran escala desde el inicio de la industria petrolera de la región en la década de 1960. Este documento investiga las prácticas de gestión de residuos de Texaco Petroleum Company que dominó la exploración y extracción de petróleo hasta la década de 1990. La extracción de recursos industriales y la contaminación crónica resultante por las prácticas de eliminación de residuos indican la creación sistemática de patrones de externalización. Este documento propone estudiar las prácticas de externalización tales como toxic ghost acres (superficies fantasmas tóxicas), examinando las piscinas de desechos como su materialización más tangible en la Amazonía. Esta contribución a las prácticas de gestión de residuos de Texaco extrapola toxic ghost acres como un mecanismo de externalización transregional de los costos económicos y socioecológicos que funcionan exponiendo un lugar a un peligro transfiriéndolo allí o evitando la gestión adecuada de los riesgos producidos in situ. Texaco se vio involucrado en el establecimiento de un sistema de gestión de residuos basado en toxic ghost acres en toda la región.La selva amazónica en Ecuador y sus habitantes han estado expuestos a una contaminación a gran escala desde el inicio de la industria petrolera de la región en la década de 1960. Este documento investiga las prácticas de gestión de residuos de Texaco Petroleum Company que dominó la exploración y extracción de petróleo hasta la década de 1990. La extracción de recursos industriales y la contaminación crónica resultante por las prácticas de eliminación de residuos indican la creación sistemática de patrones de externalización. Este documento propone estudiar las prácticas de externalización tales como toxic ghost acres (superficies fantasmas tóxicas), examinando las piscinas de desechos como su materialización más tangible en la Amazonía. Esta contribución a las prácticas de gestión de residuos de Texaco extrapola toxic ghost acres como un mecanismo de externalización transregional de los costos económicos y socioecológicos que funcionan exponiendo un lugar a un peligro transfiriéndolo allí o evitando la gestión adecuada de los riesgos producidos in situ. Texaco se vio involucrado en el establecimiento de un sistema de gestión de residuos basado en toxic ghost acres en toda la región
A New Science for a Post-Frontier World
Get PDFThe driving force behind the North American frontier were waves of economic migrants from Europe and their offspring, competing against the indigenous people and eventually replacing them. But those waves were backed up by the power of the American and Canadian nation states, with their well-armed military, their well funded railroads, and other technology and capital. Science too was initially on the side of the invaders. But after World War One that frontier began to run out of free, abundant land. Then began what I will call a “post-frontier” science, especially ecological in content, that represented a very different attitude toward the white man’s conquest. Scientists like Frederick Clements, John C. Weaver, Paul Sears, and Stan Rowe, all natives to the Great Plains, laid the foundations for what is now a powerful critique of frontier agriculture. This article aims to summarize that critique briefly but focus mainly on the more recent work of Wes Jackson, founder and longtime president of the Land Institute. He has strongly criticized the frontier ethos for its the lack of understanding of the native ecology of the grasslands. In its place he has offered a vision of “perennial polyculture,” using nature as a model for agriculture in an era of limits. That model has not only been making a growing impact on American thinking but has now spread to other continents. Will the end of this frontier cycle and scientific reappraisal turn out to be what Jackson calls a “new agriculture,” one based on learning from the past and one that can change farming all over the world?The driving force behind the North American frontier were waves of economic migrants from Europe and their offspring, competing against the indigenous people and eventually replacing them. But those waves were backed up by the power of the American and Canadian nation states, with their well-armed military, their well funded railroads, and other technology and capital. Science too was initially on the side of the invaders. But after World War One that frontier began to run out of free, abundant land. Then began what I will call a “post-frontier” science, especially ecological in content, that represented a very different attitude toward the white man’s conquest. Scientists like Frederick Clements, John C. Weaver, Paul Sears, and Stan Rowe, all natives to the Great Plains, laid the foundations for what is now a powerful critique of frontier agriculture. This article aims to summarize that critique briefly but focus mainly on the more recent work of Wes Jackson, founder and longtime president of the Land Institute. He has strongly criticized the frontier ethos for its the lack of understanding of the native ecology of the grasslands. In its place he has offered a vision of “perennial polyculture,” using nature as a model for agriculture in an era of limits. That model has not only been making a growing impact on American thinking but has now spread to other continents. Will the end of this frontier cycle and scientific reappraisal turn out to be what Jackson calls a “new agriculture,” one based on learning from the past and one that can change farming all over the world?The driving force behind the North American frontier were waves of economic migrants from Europe and their offspring, competing against the indigenous people and eventually replacing them. But those waves were backed up by the power of the American and Canadian nation states, with their well-armed military, their well funded railroads, and other technology and capital. Science too was initially on the side of the invaders. But after World War One that frontier began to run out of free, abundant land. Then began what I will call a “post-frontier” science, especially ecological in content, that represented a very different attitude toward the white man’s conquest. Scientists like Frederick Clements, John C. Weaver, Paul Sears, and Stan Rowe, all natives to the Great Plains, laid the foundations for what is now a powerful critique of frontier agriculture. This article aims to summarize that critique briefly but focus mainly on the more recent work of Wes Jackson, founder and longtime president of the Land Institute. He has strongly criticized the frontier ethos for its the lack of understanding of the native ecology of the grasslands. In its place he has offered a vision of “perennial polyculture,” using nature as a model for agriculture in an era of limits. That model has not only been making a growing impact on American thinking but has now spread to other continents. Will the end of this frontier cycle and scientific reappraisal turn out to be what Jackson calls a “new agriculture,” one based on learning from the past and one that can change farming all over the world
Challenging the Environmental History of the Cerrado: Science, Biodiversity and Politics on the Brazilian Agricultural Frontier
Get PDFThis article presents an overview of the environmental history of the Brazilian Cerrado, its environmental characteristics and the processes related to the historical change in the landscapes of this endangered ecosystem. It highlights competing classifications of the Cerrado, the role of politics in establishing them, and the environmental consequences of such classifications. More than just describing an environment, classifying an ecosystem is a political process that involves complex socio-environmental interactions. The sources used points out the different attempts to get to know and "conquered" the Cerrado, bringing together interdisciplinary perspectives from a variety of actors and institutions. Historiographic challenges go beyond environmental descriptions in that the socio-environmental interactions that made up this unique ecosystem are equally complex. This paper’s conclusions reinforce the interdisciplinary role of environmental history in the study of ecosystems and the complex relationship between culture and nature.This article presents an overview of the environmental history of the Brazilian Cerrado, its environmental characteristics and the processes related to the historical change in the landscapes of this endangered ecosystem. It highlights competing classifications of the Cerrado, the role of politics in establishing them, and the environmental consequences of such classifications. More than just describing an environment, classifying an ecosystem is a political process that involves complex socio-environmental interactions. The sources used points out the different attempts to get to know and "conquered" the Cerrado, bringing together interdisciplinary perspectives from a variety of actors and institutions. Historiographic challenges go beyond environmental descriptions in that the socio-environmental interactions that made up this unique ecosystem are equally complex. This paper’s conclusions reinforce the interdisciplinary role of environmental history in the study of ecosystems and the complex relationship between culture and nature.This article presents an overview of the environmental history of the Brazilian Cerrado, its environmental characteristics and the processes related to the historical change in the landscapes of this endangered ecosystem. It highlights competing classifications of the Cerrado, the role of politics in establishing them, and the environmental consequences of such classifications. More than just describing an environment, classifying an ecosystem is a political process that involves complex socio-environmental interactions. The sources used points out the different attempts to get to know and "conquered" the Cerrado, bringing together interdisciplinary perspectives from a variety of actors and institutions. Historiographic challenges go beyond environmental descriptions in that the socio-environmental interactions that made up this unique ecosystem are equally complex. This paper’s conclusions reinforce the interdisciplinary role of environmental history in the study of ecosystems and the complex relationship between culture and nature
Hindrances of the Hinterland: Ranching in Robert Wilcox’s Mato Grosso
Get PDFBook Review
Robert W. Wilcox, Cattle in the Backlands: Mato Grosso and the Evolution of Ranching in the Brazilian Tropics. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2017.Book Review
Robert W. Wilcox, Cattle in the Backlands: Mato Grosso and the Evolution of Ranching in the Brazilian Tropics. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2017.Book Review
Robert W. Wilcox, Cattle in the Backlands: Mato Grosso and the Evolution of Ranching in the Brazilian Tropics. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2017
Envíos Ultramarinos de Plantas y Animales Entre España y sus Colonias en El Siglo XVIII
Get PDFSpain and its colonies maintained a constant exchange of materials, ideas, correspondence, plants, and animals during the eighteenth century, for the supply of the Crown and natural history collections. The realization of ultramarine shipments implied long chains of events and people. We found letters with no classification or digitalization at the General Archive of the Indies, concerning these shipments in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. We used them to examine various difficulties for plant and animal exchanges during these intercontinental voyages. We have organized the information considering key places: 1) Spain, 2)ultramarine traverse, 3)the colonies, and 4)back to Spain. We have found stories on how to transport live animals and plants through the ocean, problems in communications and transport, differences in documentation quality, improvement of taxidermy, and packing and preparation techniques, among others. These situations occurred in a colonial extractivist context that, if analyzed through a contemporary lens, allows to reflect on concepts like gender equity, social justice, and decolonialism.A expansão da atividade pecuária no Brasil resignificou as relações entre natureza, sociedade e animais não humanos através de projetos e relações de poder na apropriação de espaços naturais. Dentre estes mecanismos de apropriação, ressalta-se, no mundo agrário, a composição social baseada em questões patriarcais e aristocráticas relacionadas à concentração da terra, renda e acesso à tecnologia produtiva, que também hierarquizaram as estruturas de modernização de espaços em um mesmo território regional. Assim, a historicidade da utilização dos campos no Estado de Santa Catarina, permite analisar como determinados biomas foram inscritos em projetos políticos, econômicos e ambientais que estabelecem diferentes relações entre a sociedade local e a natureza, bem como diferentes configurações de espaço e identidade ao longo do tempo e de acordo com a difusão de tecnologias e genética animal que integrou o sul do Brasil ao complexo colonial mercantil pelo Rio da Prata e Oceano Atlântico.A expansão da atividade pecuária no Brasil resignificou as relações entre natureza, sociedade e animais não humanos através de projetos e relações de poder na apropriação de espaços naturais. Dentre estes mecanismos de apropriação, ressalta-se, no mundo agrário, a composição social baseada em questões patriarcais e aristocráticas relacionadas à concentração da terra, renda e acesso à tecnologia produtiva, que também hierarquizaram as estruturas de modernização de espaços em um mesmo território regional. Assim, a historicidade da utilização dos campos no Estado de Santa Catarina, permite analisar como determinados biomas foram inscritos em projetos políticos, econômicos e ambientais que estabelecem diferentes relações entre a sociedade local e a natureza, bem como diferentes configurações de espaço e identidade ao longo do tempo e de acordo com a difusão de tecnologias e genética animal que integrou o sul do Brasil ao complexo colonial mercantil pelo Rio da Prata e Oceano Atlântico