International Medical Publisher Journals (iMedPub)
Not a member yet
352 research outputs found
Sort by
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia isolates from Patient’s Urine specimens
Get PDFIntroduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a clinical threat that may cause nosocomial as well as community-acquired infections. E.coli and Klebsiella are among the most common Gram-negative bacilli causing urinary tract infections.
Aim of the study: Molecular confirmation of ESBL production among phenotypically proved ESBL-producing E.coli and Klebsiella.
Materials and Methods: A total of 64 community and hospital-acquired Enterobacteriaceae suspected to produce ESBLs by routine antimicrobial susceptibility test. Identification of species of Enterobacteriacea was done by the API 20E identification system. ESBL production was detected by double disc synergy test (DDST) followed by detection of the encoding genes by PCR using primers for bla-TEM, bla-CTX-M1, bla-CTX-M2, bla-SHV and bla-PER genes.
Results: E.coli (n=40) and Klebsiella pneumonie (n=24) were identified by API 20E. Fourty nine isolates were positive for ESBL-production by DDST. Fifty seven isolates proved to produce ESBLs by PCR. The bla-TEM, bla-CTX-M1 and bla-PER were the most prevalent ESBL genes detected by PCR.
Conclusion: The double disc synergy test showed sensitivity of 82.5% in relation to PCR. The study showed high prevalence of ESBLs in E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonie with bla-TEM, bla-CTX-M1 and bla-PER as the predominant ESBL genes.
Key words: E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonie, ESBL, DDST, PCR
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in a Tertiary Care Center in Bahrain (2010-2014)
No full textObjective:
To describe the epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease during a 5-year period in a major hospital in Bahrain.
Design and Setting:
Retrospective study of cases of pneumococcal diseases among patient ≥ 14 years old during a five-year period (2010-2014), who attended Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain.
Patients and Methods:
Laboratory data was obtained on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Patients ≥14 years old of age, both inpatient and outpatient with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were included. Only samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, sputum, deep tracheal aspirate (DTA), bronchial wash, eye discharge and middle ear fluid were included. Demographics and clinical records from medical files were then reviewed.
Results:
A total of 130 culture samples met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. One-hundred twenty-six patients with pneumococcal disease were identified; with 65% being non-invasive and 35% being invasive pneumococcal disease. Overall, non-bacteremic Pneumonia was the most frequent manifestation, followed by bacteremia. Pneumococcal disease was more common among male patients (62.7%). Mean age was 57.67 (15-95 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus followed by cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven patients received mechanical ventilation during their admission, 13 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 6 patients developed para-pneumonic effusion as a complication. In-hospital Mortality rate was 13.5%.
Conclusion:
This study supports the current literature where pneumococcal infection is more prevalent in elderly and those with comorbidities. Mortality was related to age, certain chronic medical illness, admission to intensive care unit and need for mechanical ventilation
Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Helicobacter pylori isolated from patients with Gastrodeudenal diseases in Jordan
Get PDFIntroduction: Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of more than 80% of chronic active gastritis and other gastrodeudonal diseases worldwide. Successful treatment of H. pylori routinely requires the use of multiple agents with different mechanisms including compounds inhibiting acid secretion in conjunction with antibiotics. However, recent data showed the emergence of resistant clinical strains particularly against metronidazole and clarithromycin. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of and the susceptibility of H. pylori isolates recovered from patients with gastrodeudonal diseases to several antimicrobial agents.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study has been conducting on Jordanian patients attended the gastrointestinal unit of the Jordan university hospital starting from 2014-2015 with gastroduodenal diseases. Antral and corpus mucosal biopsies from the stomach of each patient were used for the isolation of H. pylori on selective culture media. Presumptive H. pylori colonies were subsequently confirmed by biochemical tests and standard 16S rDNA PCR assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by standard agar diffusion methods according to CLSI. Subsequently, MICs were determined by E test and standard agar dilution method. Molecular typing of the clinical strains was performed using multiplex PCR for the detection of vacA and cagA genotypes. Metronidazole resistance was characterized by molecular methods for the detection of rdxA gene mutations.
Results: Among 72 symptomatic patients, 13 (23%) patients showed positive H. pylori infection by both rapid urease test and culture. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that all of the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin. Resistance to, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were observed in 15%, 23% and 8% of the isolates respectively while 92% of the strains were resistant to metronidazole (MIC ≥ 32 ug/ml). Metronidazole resistance due to mutations in rdxA gene was only observed in one strain (8%) suggesting other resistance mechanisms. Correlation between antibiotic resistance and virulence factors was statistically not significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The present study showed that the prevalence of metronidazole resistance among clinical isolates of H. pylori is very high. Lower resistance to other antibiotics are reported. Concern should be taken into consideration when triple therapy is used for the treatment of H. pylori in our region
Panorámica De La Cultura Ambiental En La Universidad Autónoma De Zacatecas. México. 2006-2016
Get PDFLa Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, desde su fundación y hasta el momento actual ha estado comprometida con la sociedad y el medio ambiente. En el año de 2006 presentó su proyecto de Cultura Ambiental ante CECADESU-SEMARNAT y ANUIES, este proyecto es transversal a todas las actividades sustantivas y adjetivas de la institución, acorde con su modelo académico UAZ siglo XXI.
Del año 2006-2012 se trabajó en Gestión Ambiental: Manejo y cuidado del agua y energÃa, procesos de forestación, espacios 100% libres de humo de tabaco, manejo de residuos no peligrosos y peligrosos, no uso de unicel. De 2009-2016 se inició el trabajo de Ambientalización de las Curriculas, acompañando estos procesos con formación en Cultura Ambiental de alumnos, profesores y trabajadores a través de conferencias, talleres, un diplomado y retroalimentando en investigación la realización de 4 simposios internacionales y 5 congresos internacionales. La UAZ forma parte de la RED de planes institucionales de Cultura Ambiental. Organizados por CECADESU-SEMARNAT-ANUIES.
Palabras clave: Cultura-Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing urinary tract infections in Youssef Hospital Center: first report from Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon
Get PDFBackground. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common infection feature worldwide. Infected patients are usually treated empirically treated without culture or antibiotics susceptibility testing, and which may lead to increase antibiotic resistance level. This study aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common uropathogenic bacteria isolated at Youssef Hospital Center, Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon.
Methods. Spot midstream of urine samples from 9662 patients with UTI symptoms who came for medical investigation to Youssef Hospital Center located in Akkar governorate. Urine specimens were collected in sterile plastic bottles. Culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using conventional tools according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.
Results. A total of 1009 bacterial uropathogens were isolated. Escherichia coli was most presented (72.5%) of all isolates, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (5.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), Proteus spp. (3%), Enterobacter spp. (2%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (1.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(0.2%) and Providencia rettgeri (0.1%). Moreover, the mean antibiotic resistance rates of isolates was relatively high, but comparable to previously published data in Lebanon.
Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial uropathogens isolated from patients in the Akkar governorate. Our data indicated the urgent need of a strategic plan to tackle antibiotic resistance, particularly in deprived regions with poor healthcare centers.
Keywords: Uropathogens, Epidemiology, Antibiotic susceptibility, Risk factors, Akkargovernorate, North Lebanon
High incidence of multidrug-resistant fecal E. coli producing ESBLs and carried ST131 in Jordanian adults
Get PDFBackground: Escherichia coli is part of the human intestine normal flora, although it has the potential of causing variety of invasive and diarrheal diseases. It is also a frequent cause of community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. Intestinal E. coli has the potential to develop rapidly multidrug resistant (MDR) and to emerge as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producer.
Methods: Over the period of July through November, 2015; 287 stool samples were collected from Jordanian adults who visited the students’ clinic of the University of Jordan. Fecal samples were collected and cultured for isolation of E. coli. The isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection genes of ST131 clone, blaCTX-M group I, blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaKPC and fluoroquinolones resistance (gyrA and parC).
Results: A total of 105/287 E. coli isolates (36.6%) were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) to at least 3 classes of antibiotics, of these 45.1% were ESBL-producers. A total of 51 representative MDR isolates indicated the following; 49% were found positive for ST131 clone, 58.8% were resistant for ciprofloxacin, and 41.2% were positive for CTX-M group I and CTX-M-15, respectively. All these MDR isolates were also positive for mutated both gyrA and ParC genes, and only 6 / 51 isolates (11.8%) were positive for each blaNDM-1 and blaKPC. One out of 51 MDR isolates (2%) was positive for blaVIM, and none of these isolates was positive for blaIMP nor blaOXA-48 genes.
Conclusion: This study indicated that a relatively high rates of commensal fecal E. coli isolates from Jordanian adults were MDR, ESBLs-producer and belonging to ST131 clone. Also, high rates of CTX-M-15 and fluoroquinolones resistance were found among MDR E. coli isolates.
 
Molecular characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance among fecal Escherichia coli isolated from surface water of Wadi Shueib-Jordan
Get PDFObjective. Contamination of surface water with pathogenic organism is highly dangerous for people who used it for drinking or for domestic activities. Detection of Escherichia coli in water can be used as a general important indicator for fecal contamination .This study investigated the occurrence of fecal E. coli and two important toxigenic types of E. coli isolates and their antimicrobial resistance in water samples collected from a surface water source ( Wadi Shueib) in Jordan .
Methods. A total of 51 water samples were collected from three different locations of wadi shueib over a three month, July through September, 2016. For each sample, 200 ml of water was collected in sterilized containers. All samples which were positive for fecal E. coli were subcultured on Eosin methylelne blue agar and incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours. E. coli isolates were identified by API- 20 E test , and all isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of virulence genes of ETEC and EHEC.
Results. A total of 46 /51 (90%) of water samples were contaminated with fecal E. coli. These 46 E. coli isolates were resistant in the range between 4%-76% to commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infection in Jordan. Multidrug resistant isolates to at least three antibiotics accounted for 17/46 (37%) of the isolates. Out of 46 fecal E. coli isolates, 4(8.7%) were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 2 (4.3%) were enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) as detected using PCR.
Conclusion. This study indicated that the surface running water of Wadi Shueib is contaminated with potential enteropathogenic E. coli , and it can be a source of causing diarrheal diseases . Fecal E. coli isolates from water also showed high level of antibiotic resistance patterns comparable to human E. coli isolates in Jordan
Diagnosis And Antimicrobial Treatment Of Bacterial Of Neisseria Gonorrhea Infections: Update Review Article
Get PDFSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by a wide spectrum of bacteria, viruses and parasites. These agents can be easily transmitted during any direct genital or oral sexual contact. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO), reported that more than 1 million STIs are acquired every day worldwide, Each year, there are an estimated 357 million new infections with 1 of 4 STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis. There are few studies and official reports published on the prevalence of STIs in most Arab countries. However, few new recent studies showed increased prevalence of certain STIs in some Arab countries
Biomarcadores para el diagnóstico de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer
Get PDFLa Enfermedad de Alzheimer se diagnostica en base a criterios clÃnicos y su diagnóstico precoz, en fases prodrómicas continúa siendo un reto. Las pruebas complementarias que se realizan rutinariamente ante un caso de sospecha no van dirigidas a evidenciar la presencia de la enfermedad, sino a descartar otros procesos que pueden producir un cuadro clÃnico similar. Estudios prospectivos han demostrado que los diagnósticos de Enfermedad de Alzheimer eran erróneos en aproximadamente la cuarta parte de los casos, aún en centros especializados. La solución a este reto son los biomarcadores; pruebas que permitan confirmar o excluir la presencia de la enfermedad.
En este artÃculo se describen sucintamente los cuatro tipos de biomarcadores aceptados para apoyar el diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Alzheimer: las pruebas de laboratorio, la neuroimagen estructural, la neuroimagen funcional y la neuroimagen molecular. También se discuten someramente los aspectos más relevantes de su utilización en la práctica clÃnica diaria.
Palabras clave: Alzheimer, deterioro cognitivo leve, biomarcadores, PET, RM, tau, amiloid
Infection among renal transplant patients in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A ten year retrospective study ( 2004-2014)
Get PDFIntroduction: Kidney transplantation is the process of transplanting the organ to a patient with end stage renal disease. Complications with transplant can be encountered during or for a varying period post operatively. As graft survival and immunosuppressant regimens have improved, infection of grafts have become a leading concern. The diagnosis of infection in such patients is challenging too due to the lack of the typical infection indicators like fever as the patients are immunocompromised. The focus of our study is to study the extent of infection on the transplanted patients. The research will look into the type of microorganisms encountered, their management and outcome.
Methods & Materials: A retrospective study was carried out between the periods of 1st of January 2004 to 31st of December of the same year 2014. All renal transplant patients admitted during this period were segregated according to the reason of admission. Only those with impression of infection were enrolled.
Results: A total of 108 patients admitted between the period of 1st of January 2004 and 31st of December 2014 with impression of infection post renal transplant. Some of the patients had recurrent history during those ten years for infectious purposes. From the 108 patients, 74 of them received transplant from living donors (68.52%). The diagnosis on admission was limited to certain differentials. 35.19% patients were admitted with the impression of urinary tract infection. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 10.19%. patients. Majority of patient (89.96%) were on maintenance dose of steroids. That was followed by MMF, Tacrolimus and cyclosporine with a percentage of 81.48%, 46.3% and 25.93% respectively. Regarding the antibiotics, 86.11% of the admitted patient were started on single antibiotic on admission including those with recurrent admission.
Conclusion: Fever is a common presenting symptom in our population of transplant recipients which reflects the possibility of infection. The majority responded to a single antibiotic use. The limitation of our study is the small number of the transplanted patients.