Europe’s Journal of Psychology (PsychOpen)
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Is there a decline in verbal working memory over age?
No full textIn this study, the new standard computerized version of the reading span test was used to investigate the development of verbal working memory over age. A significant higher reading span and faster reaction times were expected for the young adults compared to the old adults, based on the processing resource theory (Just & Carpenter, 1992) and the theory of cognitive aging (Salthouse, 1994, 1996), and this hypothesis was confirmed. The new methodology made it possible to test whether there was an age-related increase in intrusion errors, which could be expected based on the inhibition theory of cognitive aging (Hasher & Zacks, 1988). The results showed that older adults made more intrusion errors than young adults thereby confirming the inhibition theory. Finally, the analysis of the memory-pattern showed a clear recency-effect for the young-, but not for the old adults. Interestingly, this has never been reported in literature before. Although more research is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn, this decline in recency-effect shows that there are larger age-related effects in short term memory span than was expected on the basis of aging theories so far
Moral Dilemma Discussion Revisited – The Konstanz Method
No full textThe classical Blatt-method of dilemma discussion to foster moral-democratic competencies is discussed and compared with the new Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD). The KMDD is better teachable, easier to be applied and has higher effect sizes
Is there a European Identity?
No full textThe concept of identity – beyond its primary meaning of individual identity which is psychologically so important even in times of post-modern deconstruction of the individual – signals a sense of belonging. The question is: to whom or to what do we feel to belong, want to belong? To social, cultural, economical, political groups or communities? To our families, friends, kindred spirits? To a certain gender? To a belief, ideology? To specific memories and experiences? To certain topics and activities? To a borough, a city, a region, a nation, to Europe ? To…
Interview with Paul E. Spector
No full textOur interviewee is Paul E. Spector, PhD in I/O psychology, University of South Florida (USF), Professor of I/O Psychology and Director of the I/O graduate program. His research interests include the impact of jobs on the behavior and well-being of employees, including counterproductive behavior, job satisfaction, job stress, and withdrawal behavior. Professor Spector published in many journals in the field, including Journal of Applied Psychology, Journal of Management, Journal of Organizational Behavior (JOB), Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (JOOP), and Psychological Bulletin. He has written books on both methodology (research design and SAS programming) and content, including an I/O psychology textbook (Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Research and Practice). Professor Spector’s most active interests now are counterproductive behavior at work and cross-cultural job stress
Neuroticism, Ego Defence Mechanisms and Valoric Types: a correlative study
No full textThe present study has as main object the investigation of the relationship between neuroticism, Ego defense mechanisms and valoric types, on a sample of 39 participants selected from the general population. In order to serve this purpose we started from the main psychoanalythic theories about defense mechanisms and neurotism, and we made the concepts that we used functional based on the psychological instruments used and the psychological thories underlying them: Bond´s “Defense Styles Questionnaire” for defense mechanisms; Allport-Vernon scale for the values as part of the personality and a composite testing instrument made up of neurotism items from Eysenck Personality Inventory and Cattell´s 16 Personality Factors. A significant number of our hypothesis has confirmed after performing the statistical data processing. On the one hand, we the authors of this investigation consider our results per se and this fact is going to be presented widely in the “Discussion” section and, on the other hand, we see our results also as starting points for further investigation in the area
Another Brick in the Wall? Putting Freedom and Democracy on the Curriculum in Hungarian Schools
No full textHungary is an East Central European country with a population of 10 million. Every day about 1,821,000 children (between the ages of six and eighteen) go to kindergarten, elementary and secondary schools. Approximately a further one million parents and teachers are affected by the public institutional system. How does this mass of many millions of people manage everyday conflicts? What conflict management and civic models does Hungarian public education use today, 15 years after transition to democracy? Relying on nation-wide studies carried out in recent years by the Kurt Lewin Foundation I will now attempt to reveal answers to questions like these. Our work presents the connection and correlation between school aggression, hazing, and the civic socialisation of the individual. The text is also inclusive of a number of interview extracts, too
Therapy Beyond Modernity – Interview with Dr. Richard House
No full textOur interviewee is Dr. Richard House, prolific author, editor, educator, psychotherapist and activist in the politics of psycho-practice. Graduating from Oxford University in 1976 (with First Class Honours), Richard House gained a Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences from the University of East Anglia (Norwich) in 1984. After working in publishing he trained as a counsellor/psychotherapist (1987-95), and has worked in the ‘human potential’ field since 1990 in various capacities. He was recently appointed Senior Lecturer (part time) in Psychotherapy and Counselling at Roehampton University, London (Research Centre for Therapeutic Education)
Adjusting to the Future
No full textSpecialists tried to define who exactly young people are. In a world of globalisation, we can easily realise that such a question is hard to answer. The lack of such definition, while confusing the issue between perspectives, has led to different approaches to youth based on young people as a generation, an object of public policy or as an age group
Interview with Cary L. Cooper
No full textOur interviewee is Cary L. Cooper, Professor of Organizational Psychology and Health, Lancaster University Management School and Pro Vice Chancellor (External Relations) at Lancaster University . He is the author of over 100 books (on occupational stress, women at work and industrial and organizational psychology), has written over 400 scholarly articles for academic journals, and is a frequent contributor to national newspapers, TV and radio. He is currently Founding Editor of the Journal of Organizational Behavior and Co-Editor of the medical journal Stress & Health (formerly Stress Medicine). He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, The Royal Society of Arts, The Royal Society of Medicine, The Royal Society of Health, and an Academician of the Academy for the Social Sciences. Professor Cooper is the President of the British Academy of Management, is a Companion of the Chartered Management Institute and one of the first UK based Fellows of the (American) Academy of Management (having also won the 1998 Distinguished Service Award for his contribution to management science from the Academy of Management)
Interview with Yvonne Bates
No full textOur interviewee is Yvonne Bates, a humanistic counsellor/ therapist with The Alexander Group. She co-authored with Richard House and published "Ethically Challenged Professions: Enabling innovation and diversity in psychotherapy and counselling", an anthology assembling 30 essays, most of them by prominent international figures in the field, which both challenge a number of psychotherapy and counselling’s most inhibiting, taken-for-granted assumptions, and offer cutting-edge visions and examples of the form and substance of an ethically mature, post-professionalized therapy practice