Europe’s Journal of Psychology (PsychOpen)
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Moving On
No full textRoz D’Ombraine Hewitt is a journalist, a broadcaster and a talented interviewer for The Independent, Telegraph and other publications in UK . She has wide experience of writing on health issues and especially mental health and well-being
The Influence of Gender and Age in Mock Juror Decision-Making
No full textThis study examines the influence of demographic variables on mock juror decision-making in a case of psychopathy. The gender of a fictitious criminal defendant who was labeled a psychopath was manipulated in order to examine the potential prejudicial impact on mock juror’s decision-making. Additionally, juror demographics (gender, age, and education level) were used to identify the source of bias. Participants read a fictitious manslaughter scenario followed by a psychologist’s expert testimony. Participants were asked to make a decision regarding the guilt of the defendant, and if applicable, specify the sentence the guilty defendant should receive. Findings from previous research looking at gender bias were not replicated, however, results showed a significant interaction between juror age and verdict/sentencing type. The youngest age group recommended a guilty verdict and a sentence of probation more often than the older age groups. In contrast, the older age groups were more likely than the youngest age group to give a verdict of not guilty, and sentence of incarceration (when a guilty verdict was given). These results raise concerns regarding views of the justice system when a designation of psychopathy is involved, as well as differences in cognitive processing that occur across ages
Emotional Intelligence, Religiosity and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among Secondary School Adolescents in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
No full textThe study investigated emotional intelligence, religiosity and self-efficacy as predictors of psychological well-being among secondary school adolescents. The study made use of stratified random sampling in selecting 292 adolescents from ten (10) secondary schools in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. The sample age ranged between 13 -20 years. Four instruments were used, namely: General Self-Efficacy Scale, Well-being Manifestation Measurement Scale; The Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS); and Religiosity Scale. Data analysis involved the use of multiple regression and Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results indicated that the three independent variables as a block were effective in predicting psychological well-being of adolescents. On the basis of the finding, it was suggested that teachers should endeavour to teach rudiments of emotional intelligence to the students while school counselors and psychologists should develop programmes to foster emotional intelligence and self-efficacy
Thinking Outside the Box of Individualism: Creativity in Light of a Socio-Cultural Approach
No full textNo abstract available
Depression and body image disturbances among females seeking treatment for obesity in Saudi Arabia
No full textHypothesis: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent disease around the world and is becoming one of the main public health problems in developed countries. The relationship between obesity and psychological distress continued to be debated by researchers and clinicians. This study aimed to assess depression and body image disturbances in obese patients seeking treatment for obesity. Method: A case-control design was adopted in the study. Total of (236) obese women, self-referred to a residential weight-loss facility for weight control, were invited to participate in this study. Obese women were compared with (296) of an age-matched control group. All participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory for depressive symptoms, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire for body-image satisfaction and The Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire. Results: revealed that obesity were more common among older than younger females, among married than single females, and among those with lower level of education than those with higher level. Obese women as compared with non-obese reported significantly more symptoms of depression and significantly more negative body image. Conclusions and significance: Our results indicate a high frequency of depressive symptoms, and concern with body image among obese patients. Therefore, obese women who seek treatment should be screened for depression and body image dissatisfaction
The Role of Psychology in Human Resources Management
No full textHRM can be considered to be responsibility of all those who manage people as well as a description of persons who are employed as specialists. It is that part of management that involves planning for human resource needs, including recruitment and selection, training and development. It also includes welfare and safety, wage and salary administration, collective bargaining and dealing with most aspects of industrial relations. The integration between the management of human resources and psychology is arguably the prime factor delineating HRM theory and practice from its more traditional personnel management origins. Selection of the personnel has long been recognized as a key activity within HR and this article seeks to explore the extent to which its practice provides evidence of such strategic alignment
Prediction of scholastic performance by psychophysical indicators of temporal resolution power
No full textThe temporal resolution power hypothesis postulates that temporal acuity of the brain is an important mechanism underlying psychometric intelligence. Evidence for this notion can be derived from studies reporting a close association between temporal resolution power and psychometric intelligence. The present study was designed to investigate whether scholastic achievement as a real world correlate of psychometric intelligence can also be predicted by temporal resolution power. For this purpose, the relation between temporal resolution power, assessed by two timing tasks, and scholastic achievement was examined in 40 second-graders, 40 fourth-graders, and 50 sixth-graders. For all three samples, structural equation modelling revealed a reliable positive relationship between a factor “temporal resolution power” and a factor “scholastic performance”. Our findings support the view that temporal resolution power of the brain is not only associated with general psychometric intelligence but also reflects a fundamental mechanism involved in scholastic achievement
