Europe’s Journal of Psychology (PsychOpen)
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Living with Intensity: Understanding the Sensitivity, Excitability, and Emotional Development of Gifted Children, Adolescents, and Adults
No full textEditors Susan Daniels Michael Piechowski Living as a gifted person, from childhood and youth to late adulthood. Living with gifted persons: children, adolescents, adults. In both cases, living with intensity. The book edited by Susan Daniels and Michael Piechowski takes on the huge challenge of making as all aware of how it is to actually live with intensity, to live with and near giftedness. It is a challenge because of the numerous preconceived and/or misconceived ideas about giftedness, development, and normality maintained by both science and common sense for decades. At the heart of these prejudices stand a group of correlated assumptions: that pain, anxiety and disintegration are always negative, that these could only harm creativity and therefore that any person experiencing these inner states is sure to be pathological rather than creative
Support Seeking, Caregiving and Conflict Management: Evidence from an Observational Study with Couples
No full textPrevious studies of couples have shown theoretically predicted links between 1) support seeking/attachment and marital functioning, and 2) caregiving and marital functioning (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). The present study further develops this area of research by investigating the link between conflict management and support seeking in couples, and the relationship between conflict management and caregiving behaviours in couples. Eighty couples completed the Potential Problem Checklist (Patterson, 1976) and a filmed 15-minute interactive problem-solving task. Independent teams of coders rated support seeking/caregiving and conflict management behaviours with the Secure Base Scoring System for Adults (Crowell et al., 1998) and the Global Couple Interaction Coding System (Bélanger et al., 1993). It was hypothesized that a partner who asked for and gave support effectively would be less prone to withdraw, dominate, and criticize, and more likely to reinforce and listen to his/her partner and solve problems effectively. It was further hypothesized that men/women with a partner who sought and gave support effectively would be less likely to withdraw, dominate, and criticize, and more likely to reinforce and listen to his/her partner and demonstrate good problem solving skills. The results revealed that men and women who had effective support seeking and caregiving skills demonstrated greater conflict management skills during a discussion about a topic of conflict with their partner. The results further revealed a relationship between caregiving skills in one partner and conflict management skills in the other partner. This study contributes to the development of an integrative model of marital functioning
Expression of Aggressive Tendencies in the Drawings of Children and Youth Who Survived the Northern Pakistan Earthquake
No full textThe study focused on the presence of aggressive tendencies in the drawings of children who survived the northern Pakistan earthquake. The data was collected one year after the earthquake from Sahara Children Academy (Mallot Tehsil) and Surbuland (camp school set up by the Army at District Bagh). The sample consisted of 75 children (44 boys and 31 girls) age range from 5 to 15 years with a mean age of 8 years. The Human Figure Drawing as projective test (Koppitz, 1969) was used. The drawings were analyzed utilizing a list of emotional indicators for aggression. The list, consisting of 24 indicators, was drawn from the literature on assessment of human figure drawings (Gilbert, 1980). The results indicated the presence of aggressive tendencies among these children with straight lines as the most frequently occurring indicator among both genders. Chi square analysis was conducted to compare males and females for the frequency of occurrence of emotional indicators in drawings. Findings reflect significant differences in frequency of occurrence of aggression related indicators between genders with calculated X2 =4.37,
Humor Styles and Negative Affect as Predictors of Different Components of Physical Health
No full textThe extent to which humor and negative affect each predict different components of physical health was examined by having 105 participants complete measures of four distinct humor styles, negative affect, and three indices of physical health. An increased number of physical symptoms and more negative attitudes about illness were associated with higher levels of negative affect, but were unrelated to the humor styles. Conversely, three of the humor styles significantly predicted coping strategies for physical ailments and complaints, whereas negative affect did not. Adaptive self-enhancing humor was associated with facilitative coping strategies such as changing perspective, planning, and the effective use of humor. Maladaptive aggressive humor was linked to a more dysfunctional coping pattern that included greater denial and a reduction in the ability to change perspective. These findings reinforce the need to consider more complex models of humor that explicitly address the effects of both adaptive and maladaptive humor styles across a broad range of physical health measures while also considering effects that may be attributable to other highly-relevant attributes, such as negative affect
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance among Executives
No full textPreset study explains the performance of executives on different levels of emotional intelligence and provides a link between emotional intelligence and effective work performance. 20 Male executives (out of 200) within the age range of 40 to 55yrs. from BHEL (Haridwar) and THDC (Rishikesh) of Uttarakhand State (India) were selected. Emotional intelligence scale constructed by Dhar, Hyde and Pethe (2001) constructed and standardized on the Indian Population and work Performance rating scale constructed by Prof A. P. Singh and Prof D. M. Pestonje (for the Indian population) were used to measure emotional intelligence and work performance of executives. T-tests for independent groups were used to measure the mean difference between groups. The findings of the study revealed that executives having higher emotional intelligence show better quality of work performance as compared to their counterparts
Beliefs about Mental Illness among University Students in Egypt
No full textObjective: To detect differences in attitudes towards psychiatric illness, regarding its nature, cause, different ways of therapy, possibility of cure and the effect on the society in two areas from different socioeconomic classes in Egypt. Method: A survey study using self administered questionnaire, to detect culture differences between students of Cairo and Beni Suef universities “Beni Suef is one of upper Egypt governorates”. All participating students were subjected to Familial Socioeconomic status scale, Beliefs about Psychiatric Illness in the Arab Culture Scale. Results: 69.8% students were females. The majority of Cairo University students were from higher socioeconomic classes (average 41% and above average 32.5%). However, the majority of Beni Suef University students were form low and below average class (13.6%, 49% respectively). Cairo University students showed higher positive attitude regarding Beliefs about Psychiatric Illness including the nature of psychiatric illness, psychiatric etiology, psychiatric management, psychiatric cure, and effect on the family than Beni Suef University students (p<.001). Females in both groups showed lower positive attitude on Attitudes Towards Psychiatric Illness in the Arab Culture Scale than males (P <.001). Conclusion: Beliefs about mental illness are highly affected by low socioeconomic status, upbringing way and beliefs in Egypt. Public education about psychiatric illnesses is highly beneficial for mental and public health professionals
A Critique of the IQ / Achievement Discrepancy Model for Identifying Specific Learning Disabilities
No full textWhen the United States Congress passed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act in 2004 (IDEIA 2004), local educational agencies (LEA) were permitted to use a Response-to-Intervention (RTI) approach for identifying children with possible learning disabilities for special education. Furthermore, IDEIA 2004 no longer required LEAs to establish an IQ-achievement discrepancy for determining a Specific Learning Disability (SLD). Although federal law no longer mandates the need for an IQ-achievement discrepancy for determining an SLD, most school psychologists continue to employ this approach for the assessment of children at-risk for SLD. Furthermore, some researchers suggest that although the IQ-achievement discrepancy model may not be the best approach for identifying children at-risk for SLD, school psychologists should continue to use intelligence tests as part of the assessment process. The current paper (a) provides a brief review of the IQ-achievement discrepancy model, (b) reviews concerns of using intelligence tests within a RTI framework, and (c) reviews some of the major criticisms regarding the IQ-achievement discrepancy model
The South-East European Regional Conference of Psychology 2009
No full textSoutheastern Europe Looking Ahead: Paradigms, Schools, Needs and Achievements of Psychology in the Region Bulgaria, Sofia, 30 october – 1 November 2009 Host-organization: The Bulgarian Psychological Society (BPS) with the support of The International Association of Applied Psychology The International Association of Cross-Cultural Psychology The International Union of Psychological Science The European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations The European Health Psychology Society The Regional Conference of Psychology – 2009 (SEERCP2009) “Southeastern Europe Looking Ahead: Paradigms, Schools, Needs and Achievements of Psychology in the Region” will allow us to demonstrate the achievements and enhance the capacity-building collaboration of the psychologists in the region and the world
The value of the Transpersonal in psychotherapy and in everyday life
No full textA general outline of transpersonal psychology is presented and the definition of the transpersonal itself is suggested. The differences between the transpersonal, paranormal or extrapersonal are considered and both the benefits and dangers of transpersonal experiences are discussed. Finally, the value of the transpersonal in daily life is addressed
Preliminary Comments on Ethics in Psychology. The Case of the Systems Paradigm
No full text“Fears, Panics and Phobias, A Brief Therapy” by Giorgio Nardone The present piece is aimed at debating critically the contributions and limitations of systems psychology in the treatment of disorders relating to anxiety and phobias. The criticism is based on the book entitled “Fears, Panics and Phobias, A Brief Therapy” authored by G. Nardone (1997, Editorial Herder, Barcelona) because of two main issues: from an epistemological point, systems paradigm does not distinguish experimentalism from linear causality. Secondly, serious ethic involvements are questioned considering the ways in which therapists conduct this kind of programs