Europe’s Journal of Psychology (PsychOpen)
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Work Experiences, Satisfactions and Psychological Well-being among Women Managers and Professionals in Turkey
No full textAlthough qualified women are still underrepresented at ranks of senior management in all countries, considerable progress has been made in identifying work experiences associated with career success and advancement. The present study examines the relationship of four work experiences and work satisfactions and indicators of psychological well-being in a sample of managerial and professional women working in Istanbul Turkey. Data were collected from 143 women using anonymously completed questionnaires. Work experiences included support and encouragement, feeling accepted in the organization, opportunities for training and development, and work and family integration .Access to these four work experiences were positively and significantly correlated though the sample generally indicated low exposure to them. Hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for personal demographics and work situation characteristics, indicated that these work experiences had significant relationships with both work and well-being outcomes. Work-family integration had the strongest and most consistent relationships with these outcomes
Freud’s Conceptualization of the Social World: Psychology Recapitulating Sociology or Sociology Recapitulating Psychology?
No full textThis paper articulates Sigmund Freud’s conceptualization of the social world by surveying and critically examining four of his major sociological works: Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness (Freud, 1908/1991b), Totem and Taboo (Freud, 1913/1946), The Future of An Illusion (Freud, 1927/1991d), and Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud, 1930/1991a). The paper also embeds the development of Freud’s social theory within its historical context by discussing the impact of various evolutionary, philosophical, and life event influences. It is argued that Freud’s social theory is merely a projection of his psychological theory of mind, which is predicated on the biogenetic principle (i.e., ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny). In tracing the development of Freud’s social theory over time, an isomorphism is revealed whereby the changes in Freud’s psychological thought reflect the changes in his social thought. In this way, Freud’s sociology can be said to recapitulate his psychology despite Freud’s insistence otherwise
Social Desirability and Self-Reports: Testing a Content and Response-Style Model of Socially Desirable Responding
No full textPersonality assessment as a pre-employment screening procedure receives great interest from both researchers and practitioners. One key concern for selection specialists is represented by the response distortion among job applicants completing personality inventories. There are different operationalizations of socially desirable responding. One of the most accepted operationalizations was provided by Paulhus who distinguished between two social desirability factors (the egoistic and moralistic bias) as well as their conscious and unconscious aspects (management and enhancement). The aim of the study reported here is to test the basic assumption of the Paulhus model of socially desirable responding. A convenience sample of 200 students (N = 21.61; SD = 1.46) completed the Comprehensive Inventory of Desirable Responding (Paulhus, 2006) and the International Personality Item Pool Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1999; by Goldberg et al., 2006). Questionnaires were applied in three conditions: honest responding, responding as an ideal manager job applicant, and as an ideal teacher applicant. Results give partial support to the existence of egoistic and moralistic bias. However, conscious and unconscious aspects of distortion were not found. In conclusion it could be said that Paulhus’ model doesn’t provide a full answer to the problem of the nature of socially desirable responding
Brain Observatory and the Continuing Study of H.M.: Interview with Jacopo Annese
No full textProfessor Jacopo Annese is director and founder of the Brain Observatory, University of California San Diego. As a computational neuroanatomist Jacopo Annese founded the Brain Observatory in 2005. At the Observatory work is under way to develop a public atlas of the human brain and a digital brain library. The Observatory also houses a brain bank. Included in the brain bank is one of the most famous cases in memory research: H.M. It is hoped that this work will help with our understanding of the brain. This innovative project, often involving technology developed in-house at the Brain Observatory was featured as the world’s most innovative brain bank by the Financial Times (December 2011). In this interview Jacopo discusses research at the Brain Observatory, memory, H.M., and an insight into future of project H.M
Teacher Effectiveness in Relation to Emotional Intelligence Among Medical and Engineering Faculty Members
No full textStudies have revealed that emotional intelligence (EI) influences an individual's job performance in terms of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. But prior studies were limited mostly to the corporate sector. Therefore the present study was conducted to understand the correlation between EI and teaching performance in the case of faculty members at medical and engineering colleges, as courses related to these two fields are quite extensive and demanding which often leads to stress among students (Saipanish, 2003; Foster & Spencer, 2003; Schneider, 2007; Ray and Joseph, 2010). A total of 250 faculty members from three medical and four private engineering colleges of Uttar Pradesh, India, participated in the study. Emotional intelligence scale (EIS, 2007), Teacher Effectiveness Scale (TES, 2010) and Teacher Rating Scale (TRS, 2003) were administered to measure the emotional intelligence, self-reported teacher effectiveness and student rated teacher effectiveness of the faculty members respectively. All materials used in the study are constructed and standardized on Indian population. The study revealed a positive correlation between EI and teacher effectiveness, both self-reported and students rated. Among ten components of EI considered in the study; emotional stability, self-motivation, managing relations, self-awareness and integrity emerged as the best predictors of teacher effectiveness. Gender differences on the scores of EI and Teacher Effectiveness was insignificant. The EI and self-reported teacher effectiveness of engineering faculty members were relatively higher than those of medical faculty. However, according to students’ rating there was no significant difference in teacher effectiveness among the two groups. Implications of this research from the perspective of training faculty members are discussed
On Third Generation Activity Theory: Interview With Yrjö Engeström
No full textIn this interview Prof. Engeström discusses his professional trajectory and interest in cultural-historical activity theory with a focus on its insights into the fields of work and human development. He comments on recent transformations within this theoretical orientation, many of them promoted by his research into a variety of workplaces and organisations. Methodological aspects, and in particular formative intervention methods such as the Change Laboratory, are also considered. Prof. Engeström’s published work covers a multitude of real-life contexts and offers us a perfect example of how psychological research can be a powerful tool not only for understanding reality but actively shaping it
On being a modern therapist: Interview with Victor Yalom
No full textVictor Yalom, PhD is the founder and president of psychotherapy.net, an online psychotherapy magazine targeted to trainee therapists and practitioners of all psychotherapeutic approaches. Victor is also a practicing psychologist, talented couple therapist, and business consultant in San Francisco. In his spare time, he expresses his unique vision in cartoons and wonderful abstract landscape paintings. Son of one of the most influential existential psychotherapists, Irvin Yalom, Victor talks to Europe’s Journal of Psychology about his current work and the most inspirational figures in the psychotherapy world he has been fortunate enough to meet and interview during his career
An Empirical Evaluation of a Set of Recommendations for Extrasensory Perception Experimental Research
No full textOne of the main criticisms of extrasensory perception (ESP) research is the lack of replication of positive results across laboratories. In this paper we report a study (N=100) where we tested a set of practices recommended by researchers in the area in order to develop a robust 'recipe' for ESP experimental research. In an experimental condition that included these practices we observed a 30% rate of correct guesses (z=0.82, p=0.21, one-tailed) compared to a 22% rate observed in a control condition (z=-0.49, p=0.31, one-tailed). It is discussed how results obtained so far, with free-response protocols, are not strong enough to fully satisfy mainstream science
Validation of Dimensionality of Affect Intensity using the Hindi Version of the Emotional Intensity Scale
No full textThe dimensionality of the construct of affect intensity is still a debated issue and most of the studies dealing with this debate have used the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM; Larsen & Diener, 1987) although this measure has been criticized on various psychometric grounds. We speculate that the inconsistency regarding the dimensionality of affect intensity may be either because of lack of clarity in its conceptualization or inappropriateness of its psychometric measures. In view of this, the present study attempts to explore the dimensionality of affect intensity using the Hindi version of the Emotional Intensity Scale (EIS; Bachorowski & Braaten, 1994) that claims to overcome the psychometric limitations of the AIM. The EIS-H was administered to 284 Hindi speaking Indian adults (119 males and 165 females). Exploratory factor (principal component) analysis identified two factors that were labelled as positive and negative emotional intensity. However, observation of some overlap and/or cross loading undermines the factorial purity of the EIS-H. Thus, a maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test two models - one assuming the two factors to be uncorrelated and the other as correlated. Findings revealed that the correlated two factors model provided a better fit to the data as compared to that which assumed the two factors to be uncorrelated. Findings imply that affect intensity is a multidimensional construct that encompasses two independent yet related dimensions of positive and negative affect intensity and the EIS-H may be used to reliably measure it