European Journals of Social Sciences Studies
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LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Get PDFIn particular, the relationship between democratic, autocratic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles and organizational performance was the focus of this study. The study was an organized review of the literature (Desk Review), concentrating on general discussions that were already accessible through database search engines like Google Scholar. The most pertinent journal papers, books, and dissertations were also looked for by the researcher. The theoretical foundation of democratic, autocratic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles as well as organizational performance was uncovered by the study's findings. According to a study that examined many authors' studies on leadership behaviors and the performance of organizations, some leadership styles are good for an organization's success while others are bad depending on the circumstance. Article visualizations
RECONSIDERATION AND PROPOSAL OF DEVELOPMENT MODELS IN PROJECTS - “QUASI” DEVELOPMENT MODELS: QUASI-WATERFALL AND QUASI-AGILE
Get PDFDiverse development models, including waterfall development, iterative development, and agile development, have been put forth and implemented across real-world contexts. When engaging in discussions on project management, the examination and exploration of development models assume paramount importance and are integral. This paper embarks upon an investigation and scrutiny of these development models, culminating in the proposition of "Quasi" Development Models: Quasi-Waterfall and Quasi-Agile. Article visualizations
INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ON FINANCIAL GROWTH OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN LREB-KENYA
Get PDFLiterature reveals inconsistencies on factors influencing the financial sustainability of local NGOs, with some suggesting such factors as income diversification, incomes from local and external donors as well as own income-generating activities, while others opine that continued external donor funding is required for sustainability. Evidence also shows that for the period under review, the financial growth of the NGOs, as critical vehicles of welfare development in the region has been fluctuating since 2010, but with a declining trend from 2019 to 2022. The purpose of this paper is to establish influence of the financial sustainability on the financial growth of non-governmental organizations in the Lake Region Economic Block- Kenya. A cross-sectional research design is adopted on a sample size of 220 respondents from whom both primary and secondary data were obtained and analyzed using independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression. Guided by the Resource Based View Theory, the results yielded a significant change of 0.033; from 73.7% to 77% after moderation; implying that financial sustainability has a significant moderating effect of 3.3%. The findings of this study are invaluable for innovative and sustainable financial decisions by NGOs, and also scholars and policymakers on matters of revenue growth. Article visualizations
EFFECT OF PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED INSURANCE FIRMS IN THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE, KENYA
Get PDFThe performance of listed insurance companies in Kenya has over time been unstable, despite its contribution to Kenya’s GDP. Whereas the firms have diversified investment asset portfolios, the financial performance of these companies has generally remained low; as evidenced by inconsistent revenues. The purpose of this paper is to establish the relationship between portfolio management and the financial performance of the listed insurance firms in Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), Kenya. The study has been guided by Modern Portfolio Theory, allowing for the integration of mixed securities. correlational research design has been employed on a target population of six (6) listed insurance companies at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. census technique of data collection to obtain secondary data through the document review method was used. Analyzing data through descriptive and inferential statistics, the following results were obtained; showing a positive significant effect of both portfolio size (β = 0.4859, p = 0.002) and portfolio asset allocation (β = 0.4031, p = 0.000) on the financial performance of listed insurance firms at NSE. However, the results yielded a negative but significant effect of portfolio risk (β = - 0.02546, p = 0.002) on financial performance; implying that a unit increase in portfolio size and portfolio asset allocation leads to 48.59% and 40.31% increase in financial performance of listed insurance firms, respectively. However, Portfolio risk has a negative effect, implying that a unit increase in portfolio risk leads to a 2.55% reduction in financial performance. It can therefore be concluded that portfolio management influences the financial performance of insurance firms listed at the NSE, thereby recommending that listed insurance firms in the NSE should increase the level of portfolio management by giving attention to such elements as portfolio size, portfolio asset allocation, and portfolio risk; which are important predictors of the firms’ financial performance, alongside determining the specific mix of investments generating the highest return for a given level of risk, which will lead to increased profitability. JEL: G10; G20; G22 Article visualizations
BANKING ON PERFORMANCE: EMPLOYEE ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES IN MALAYSIA'S MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS LANDSCAPE
Get PDFThis study analyses how communication, training and development, and organisational culture affect bank employees' post-merger and acquisition (M&A) performance. The study used convenience sampling to gather data from Malaysian investment banking sector employees. A total of 257 responses provided the data for this study. The sampling locations included investment banks in Malaysia that have undergone M&A, such as Aseambankers, Maybank Securities, RHB, OSK, Affin, Hwang DBS, ECM Libra, and Kenanga Investment Bank. This study's results show that all three predictor variables (Communication, Training and Development, and Organizational Culture) positively influence the Outcome variable (Employee Performance), albeit to varying degrees. Communication emerges as the most dominant factor, followed closely by Organizational Culture, while Training and Development's influence, although positive, is comparatively subdued. This underscores the crucial role these strategies play in determining employee performance outcomes in the mergers and acquisitions sphere of Malaysia. Therefore, this study can help the banking sector boost employee morale, job satisfaction, and productivity during transitions. Article visualizations
A DESK REVIEW OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE BANKING SECTOR
Get PDFThis study was done to examine the relationship between employee training and organizational productivity in the banking sector, a case study of Co-operative Bank, Githurai Branch. The study was guided by these four research objectives; examining the effect of employee induction on organizational productivity within the Co-operative Bank, Githurai Branch, Kenya, determining the effect of on-the-job training on organizational productivity within the Co-operative Bank Limited, Githurai Branch, Kenya, determining the effect of employee motivation on organizational productivity within the Co-operative Bank Limited, Githurai Branch, Kenya and examining the effect of employee job satisfaction on organizational productivity within the Co-operative Bank Limited, Githurai Branch, Kenya. A cross-sectional research survey was conducted. The target population consisted of employees working at the Co-operative Bank of Kenya Limited, Githurai Branch. I used Simple random sampling techniques. The size of the sample that was ascertained was 18 using the total sampling technique. The source of data that was used was Primary sources of data. A stratified random sampling was used to determine the sample size of the 18 respondents. The researcher performed Pearson's correlation and a regression test so as to determine the relationship between the variables under analysis. The data was analyzed with the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, 25th version. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Frequencies and percentages were employed to provide descriptive statistics. The findings were presented in tabular form. The outcome or other the results of the study helped in revealing whether the variables in the study statistically or positively correlated with organizational productivity. The study therefore recommends the banking sector to come up with suitable employee training practices that help in enhancing organizational productivity. Also, further research can be carried out so as to determine other variables that are aligned with employees’ training practices among the banking sector, organizations, and companies. Another similar study can be conducted aiming at the public sector for comparison purposes. Article visualizations
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND PROFITABILITY OF LARGE-SCALE RETAIL SUPERMARKETS IN KENYA
Get PDFCapital structure decisions ensure that supermarket managers stipulate optimum capital structure for the organization. Despite the implementation of capital structure decisions, poor financial performance has plagued most of large-scale retailers for the past 20 years, forcing some to close some of its outlets. Uchumi supermarket, Tuskys supermarkets among other supermarkets have been making heavy losses leading to the closure of some of their branches. Uchumi has closed 3 5(95%) branches, Tuskys 61(95.3%) branches, and Choppies 13(87%) branches. According to an external audit report in 2020, Nakumatt owed creditors Ksh.38 billion yet the company gave over Ksh. 1 billion as interest-free soft loans to its directors. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of capital structure decisions on the profitability of large-scale retail supermarkets in Kenya. The study was anchored on the pecking order theory. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. A census sampling technique was employed where all the selected supermarkets were considered. Secondary data was collected from audited financial statements. Panel data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics comprised of minimum values, maximum values, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics consisted of correlational analysis and random effects models. The study findings indicated that capital structure decisions have a negative and statistically significant effect on the profitability of large-scale retail supermarkets in Kenya. This is supported by a regression coefficient of –0.3479 and a p-value of 0.000. The study suggested that the management of retail stores should balance between debt and equity financing to ensure an optimum capital structure that maximizes profitability. JEL: O10; O12; L81 Article visualizations
EFFECT OF CLASSROOM ENGAGEMENT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS IN PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS IN MUSANZE DISTRICT, RWANDA
Get PDFThis paper aimed to determine the effect of classroom engagement on students’ academic performance in Mathematics subject in public day schools in Rwanda, the case of Musanze District. This study adopted a descriptive research design using a mixed methods research design; a combination of both quantitative and qualitative forms of research. The target population for this study was the educational practitioners in the district including students, teachers, head teachers, and sector education officers in the district. Thus, the total population was 1600 participants. A sample random technique was used to sample 320 respondents taken as a sample size. Analysis of data was aided by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 and output was exported to Microsoft Word in the form of tables for the purpose of reporting. From the findings, the study revealed that the overall mean of students’ engagement was found to be 3.63 (SD = .24). Respondents were found to be more engaged in social engagement (x̄= 3.98, SD = .63), followed by emotional engagement (x̄= 3.96, SD = .52), behavioural engagement (x̄= 3.46, SD = .44) and cognitive engagement (x̄= 2.80, SD = .28). Results showed a significant positive relationship between classroom engagement with academic performance of students in Mathematics (r = 0.668; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that classroom engagement contributed to 67.9% of the variation in students’ performance, hence playing a vital role in students’ academic performance in Mathematics subject. Article visualizations
WORLD POPULATION GROWTH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT: ONLINE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ON VOLUNTARY FAMILY PLANNING / CRESCITA DELLA POPOLAZIONE MONDIALE E SUE IMPLICAZIONI SU SICUREZZA ALIMENTARE ED AMBIENTE: RISORSE DIDATTICHE IN RETE SULLA PIANIFICAZIONE FAMILIARE VOLONTARIA
No full textThe article presents educational and informative resources that can be downloaded for free from the internet. They consist of text, images, graphs, and videos that can be of interest to general readers and for teachers. These latter can use the resources with the method felt as most appropriate. As a consequence of the growing world population, by 2050, in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, a 112% increase in food production will be required to meet the caloric requirements. In this latter region, water availability per capita declined by 40% over the past decade, agricultural land decreased from 0.80 to 0.64 ha/capita between 2000 and 2017, and the fertility level is 4.6 births per woman. The agricultural land available per capita is decreasing on a global scale, and a slower population growth might give the time to take measures aimed at meeting the needs of the people, while protecting the environment. Family planning is a basic human right, but nowadays it is seriously underfunded by donors and developing countries. Several documents deal with the unmet needs of 257 million women who want to avoid pregnancy, but cannot use safe and modern contraception methods. Every year 121 million pregnancies are unintended. Some documents quoted deal with the influence of religious and socio-cultural factors on family planning, and child marriage. These are associated with health risks for both children and adolescent mothers. Several documents presented in this article deal with contraceptive methods. Some documents describe the strategies adopted in several countries to improve the availability and affordability of contraceptives for low-income people. Family planning and a slower population growth may provide countries with a window of opportunity for a faster economic growth, thanks to savings in education, maternal and child health care, and other services. Such savings far surpass the expenditure for birth control.L’articolo presenta risorse educative ed informative scaricabili gratuitamente da internet. Queste consistono in testo, immagini, grafici e video che possono interessare vari lettori ed insegnanti. Questi ultimi possono usare le suddette risorse con il metodo sentito come il più appropriato. In conseguenza della crescita della popolazione mondiale, nel 2050, per soddisfare il fabbisogno calorico nell’Asia meridionale e nell’Africa subsahariana sarà necessario un aumento del 112% della produzione di cibo. Nell’Africa subsahariana, la disponibilità pro capite di acqua è diminuita del 40% negli ultimi 10 anni, i terreni agricoli sono diminuiti da 0,80 a 0,64 ettari a persona tra il 2000 ed il 2017. Il livello di fertilità è 4,6 figli per donna. I terreni agricoli disponibili pro capite stanno diminuendo su scala globale. Una crescita della popolazione più lenta concederebbe il tempo necessario a prendere provvedimenti volti a soddisfare i bisogni delle persone, proteggendo l’ambiente allo stesso tempo. La pianificazione familiare volontaria è un diritto umano di base, ma adesso è sottofinanziata dai donatori e dai paesi in via di sviluppo. Vari documenti parlano dei bisogni insoddisfatti di 257 milioni di donne che vogliono evitare la gravidanza, ma non hanno a disposizione contraccettivi moderni e sicuri. Ogni anno ci sono 121 milioni di gravidanze indesiderate. Alcuni documenti citati parlano della influenza dei fattori socio-culturali sulla pianificazione familiare e sui matrimoni precoci. Questi ultimi sono associati a rischi sanitari, sia per i bambini che per le giovani madri. Vari documenti presentati in questo articolo parlano dei metodi contraccettivi. Altri documenti descrivono le strategie adottate in taluni paesi per rendere i contraccettivi più disponibili, anche economicamente, per le persone con basso reddito. Article visualizations
EFFECTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON AGENCY COSTS IN COMMERCIAL AND SERVICES COMPANIES LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE IN KENYA
Get PDFAcademic and business research has focused on the competing interests of shareholders and managers, as well as the resulting agency fees. It is well known that managers have a strong desire to advance their own interests, such as their pay, the size of their companies, and the value of their securities. According to agency theory, shareholders will pay agency costs in order to reduce these conflicts. According to the free cash flow principle, when a company creates considerable free cash flow, there are significant agency conflicts between stockholders and executives. A number of empirical studies have proposed solutions to this problem, one of which is the use of a capital structure. Numerous studies on the effect of capital structures on agency costs have been conducted, with varying degrees of success. However, the majority of these studies took place in industrialized nations. The primary goal of this study, which lasted from 2012 to 2018, was to determine how capital configuration affected agency expenses in Kenyan commercial and service firms that were listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study's specific goals included investigating the effects of equity on agency costs, retained earnings on agency costs, long-term debt on agency costs, and firm size as a moderator of the effects of investment configuration on agency costs. A descriptive research method was used in this study to provide a thorough examination of the relationship between capital structure and agency costs. To collect the required seven-year panel data from the entire population of firms, the Nairobi Securities Exchange, the Capital Market Authority's data banks, and the firms' websites were used. These data were then examined at two levels of statistics: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. In Kenyan commercial and service firms, variations in equity capital, retained earnings, and long-term debts jointly accounted for 65.9% of the variations in agency costs, according to the regression results.JEL: E22; G31; L10 Article visualizations