Innovare Academic Sciences: E-Journals
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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS: RADIATION THERAPY VERSUS CHEMORADIATION USING EORTC QLQ-HN35
No full textObjective: Head and neck cancers are a group of neoplasms originating from the soft tissues in the neck region. Due to their proximity to vital anatomical structures, both disease progression and therapeutic interventions can result in significant complications that affect patients’ quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the QoL in patients undergoing radiation therapy compared to those receiving concurrent chemoradiation, using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire for Head and Neck Cancer 35 (EORTC QLQ-HN35) questionnaire.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research was led at Andalas University Hospital between March and May 2024. A total of 46 respondents were included: 25 patients undergoing radiation therapy and 21 receiving combination therapy. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and QoL was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-HN35, a validated instrument. The Mann–Whitney U test was employed to compare QoL scores between treatment groups.
Results: Most participants were male, adults, married, with a high school education, and the most common diagnosis was nasopharyngeal cancer. Although patients undergoing combination therapy reported slightly higher average QoL scores than those receiving radiation, the difference was not statistically significant 82.57±24.25 versus 77.56±19.76, p=0.509.
Conclusion: The absence of substantial variances in QoL consequences between treatment groups suggests that other variables, such as clinical condition, psychological status, or social support, may play a more significant role in influencing QoL than treatment modality alone. While QoL scores were numerically higher in patients receiving combination therapy, the difference was not statistically significant. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors that affect QoL in patients with head and neck cancer
NOVEL SIMULTANEOUSSTABILITY-INDICATING ESTIMATION METHOD FOR DORZOLAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE AND TIMOLOL MALEATE BYRP-HPLC: APPLICATIONTOAPIANDPHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
No full textObjective: To develop a novel stability-indicating validated method for the simultaneous determination of dorzolamide hydrochloride (DH) and timolol maleate (TM) in API and pharmaceuticals.
Methods: Reverse-phase chromatographic separation was achieved using a Spursil C18 column with a mixture of methanol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (7:3v/v) as the mobile phase at pH 3.5. The flow rate was maintained at1.0 ml/min. DH and TM were detected at 290 nm. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and forced degradation studies.
Results: The developed method achieved effective separation, with DH and TM eluting at retention times of 2.189 and 3.136 min for standards, and 2.299 min and 3.091 min for samples, respectively. The method showed excellent linearity across 20–100 µg/ml for DH (r² = 0.999) and 5–25 µg/ml for TM (r2 = 0.9993). The mean recovery percentages were 99.99% for DH and 98.79% for TM, with a percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) below 2.0, confirming the accuracy and precision of the method. Low LOD and LOQ values indicated high sensitivity, while forced degradation studies confirmed the method\u27s stability, indicating capability.
Conclusion: The validated procedure is reliable, accurate, sensitive, and precise for the simultaneous qualitative analysis and stability assessment of DH and TM in both bulk drugs and commercial pharmaceutical formulations. This method is suitable for routine standard quality control applications
UTILIZATION OF IMPROVED RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG RICE FARMERS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe global demand for rice continues to rise due to population growth and changing dietary preferences. Improved rice production technologies offer significant potential to enhance yield, ensure food security, and support sustainable agricultural practices. This study explores the utilization of improved rice production technologies among rice farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 133 rice farmers for the study. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics, frequency counts, percentages, means, and Weighted Mean Scores were used to describe the study’s objectives. In addition, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was used to test the study’s hypothesis. The findings revealed that the mean age of rice farmers was 44 years, while the mean household size was 4 people, and the grand mean number of years spent in formal schools was 4.1 years. The mean year of experience in rice farming was 5.2 years, while the mean size of rice farm cultivated was 2.9 ha, and the mean annual income was ₦595,420. Knapsack sprayer, rice farming inputs, and improved rice varieties were the types of improved rice production technologies utilized by the rice farmers on every occasion, while poor access roads and other infrastructure, lack of transport facilities, high cost of farm inputs, excessive weeds, and infestations of pests and diseases were the most strenuous and tough constraints encountered in rice farming. A significant relationship was found between rice farmers age (r=0.310, p=0.000), household size (r=0.409, p=0.000), number of years of spent schooling (r=0.131, p=0.034), years of experience in rice farming (r=0.505, p=0.000), size of rice farm (r=0.470, p=0.000), and annual income (r=0.142, p=0.000) and utilization of improved rice production technologies among rice farmers. The study concluded that the successful utilization of improved rice production technologies holds the key to addressing the pressing challenges of food security and agricultural sustainability. It was recommended that there should be the implementation of comprehensive training programmes to educate the farmers on the benefits and practices associated with the utilization of improved rice production technologies
DENDRIMERS: ADVANCEMENTS IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
No full textDendrimers exhibit unique physicochemical properties, such as internal cavities and surface functionality, that enhance their effectiveness as drug delivery vehicles, improving solubility and stability of therapeutics. Various dendrimer types, including dendritic polymers and hyper branched polymers, are discussed in terms of their customization for targeted drug administration. The study further evaluates the development of dual-responsive nanoparticles (PDPP@D), which demonstrate enhanced penetration in solid tumors, and explores dendron-polymer conjugates as nanosized drug delivery systems. The findings showcase dendrimers’ capability to encapsulate therapeutic agents, facilitating controlled release and improved efficacy in treating diseases such as cancer and neuroinflammation. In addition, the research highlights challenges in clinical translation, including issues of cytotoxicity and immune response, while underscoring the promise of dendritic structures in advancing personalized medicine and combating drug-resistant pathogens. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of dendrimers in biomedical applications, emphasizing their role in innovative drug delivery systems and therapeutic strategie
A REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-PHOTO DIODE ARRAY ESTIMATION OF PROBENECID AND SULOPENEM ETZADROXIL IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEGRADANTS BY USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY
No full textObjective: This study presents a valid and dependable "Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC)" technique for the simultaneous quantification of sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid in their pharmaceutical dose form, which indicates stability.
Methods: Probenecid and sulopenem etzadroxil were isolated by using an isocratic elution technique with a phenyl column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5μm) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and triethyl amine at a pH of 2.5, which was adjusted with a 0.1% formic acid buffer in a 60:40 ratio, and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, respectively. Sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid were quantified using a 271 nm detection wavelength.
Results: At retention durations of 2.631 and 4.048 min, respectively, the peaks for probenecid and sulopenem etzadroxil were eluted with fine resolution. Both probenecid and sulopenem etzadroxil showed linear calibration curves with regression coefficients of 0.99998 and 0.99975 in the concentration range of 50-300 μg/ml respectively. Resolution of probenecid and sulopenem etzadroxil from its degradation-based chemicals demonstrated the sensitivity, precision, robustness, accuracy, and specificity of the proposed high-performance liquid chromatography method and also indicated stability. The degradation agents were identified by the use of LCMS in the research involving forced degradation.
Conclusion: The pharmaceutical dosage forms of probenecid and sulopenem etzadroxil were evaluated using the well-established high-performance liquid chromatography method, and the findings seemed adequate
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE AND TAURURSODIOL BY USING RP-HPLC IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
No full textObjective: In order to assess Sodium Phenylbutyrate and Taurursodiol, two active pharmaceutical components, simultaneously, this study set out to create and validate a new RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography) technique that was simple, responsive, and stable.
Methods: An X-bridge phenyl column with dimensions 150x4.6 mm and a 3.5 µ was used in the chromatographic approach. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% triethyl amine with a pH of 2.5, adjusted with OPA (Ortho Phosphoric Acid) in a ratio of 40:60. Isocratic elution was used. The instrumental conditions were set to 1.0 ml/min with a detection wavelength of 266 nm using the PDA (Photo Diode Array) detector. Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Results: The calibration curves were linear, with a regression coefficient (R2) value of 0.999 and concentrations ranging from 75 to 450 µg/ml of Sodium phenylbutyrate and 25–150 µg/ml of Taurursodiol. The method’s LOD (Limit Of Detection) and LOQ (Limit Of Quantification) were 0.63 µg/ml, 0.21 µg/ml, and 2.1 µg/ml, 0.7 µg/ml for Sodium Phenylbutyrate and Taurursodiol, respectively.
Conclusion: The proposed method to be fast, simple, feasible and affordable in assay condition. During stability tests, it can be used for routine analysis of production samples and to verify the quality of drug samples during stability studies
ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL STABILITY AND SHELF-LIFE OF GOKSHURA CHURNA: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
No full textObjective: Gokshura Churna is a versatile Ayurvedic remedy with a rich history of therapeutic use in promoting urinary, reproductive and physical health, it holds a significant place in traditional medicine. However, to ensure its long-term efficacy and safety, especially in modern applications, it is essential to support its use with scientific validation, particularly in terms of quality, stability and shelf-life.
Methods: The present study focuses on determining the shelf-life of Marketed Gokshura Churna formulation using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. Stability testing was conducted under both accelerated and long-term conditions, following international council for harmonisation of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) guidelines. Samples were analyzed at intervals of 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mo. The chemical fingerprint of the formulation was established by using two analytical Markers Quercetin and Beta-sitosterol. In addition to chemical analysis, various quality control parameters were evaluated as per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), including organoleptic properties, Loss on drying, ash content, extractives values, pH and microbial load.
Results: Quercetin and Beta-sitosterol were eluted at 5.7 and 7.8 min. The overall results of the validation parameters of the Markers were within the limits. Stress studies confirmed the absence of co-eluting peaks and degradants under various stress conditions. All the Physicochemical parameters of the formulation were within the acceptable limits. Total microbial load analysis of the formulation showed that the bacterial count was within acceptable limits, while there is a marginal increase in the fungal count was observed. Based on the stability analysis of Quercetin and Beta-sitosterol marker content, the shelf life of Gokshura churna was estimated to be 29.80 and 26.20 mo.
Conclusion: This study provides a scientific foundation for future commercial stability testing and contributes to improved quality and safety of Gokshura churna
IN SILICO STUDY OF NEW ACETAZOLAMIDE ANALOGUES BEARING THIAZOLE MOIETY WITH PROMISING CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
No full textObjective: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Multiple targets can be hit for cancer treatment; carbonic anhydrase enzyme XII is one of these targets because it plays a vital role in the tumour microenvironment.
Methods: ADMETlab 3.0 platform used to predict (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) characteristics, while molecular docking managed by the molecular operating environment program MOE 2015.1.
Results: The molecular docking analysis revealed that all nineteen designed compounds exhibited favourable binding affinities toward carbonic anhydrase enzymes XII (PDB ID: 1JD0) and IX (PDB ID: 3IAI), and most of the designed compounds satisfy the predominant drug-likeness requirements.
Conclusion: Acetazolamide\u27s binding affinity for the carbonic anhydrase enzyme can be enhanced by including a substituted thiazole ring
INNOVATIVE DISEASE MODIFYING TREATMENTS: EVALUATING THE ATRIGEL® SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED THERAPEUTIC EFFICIENCY
No full textObjective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a long-acting polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLG)-based Atrigel® system for glatiramer acetate (GA) to improve therapeutic efficiency in multiple sclerosis treatment. The formulation was optimised to form a sustained-release depot upon injection into the body, resulting in a longer delivery time and reduced frequency.
Methods: A 3² randomised complete factorial design was employed to optimise critical formulation parameters such as drug-to-polymer ratio and solvent concentration. The Atrigel® system was formulated using N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and PLGA. The developed formulations were characterised for syringeability, viscosity, and in vitro drug release. Physicochemical properties were assessed, and biological evaluations included ex vivo release studies and cytotoxicity assays using the hen drumstick model and L929 fibroblasts, respectively.
Results: The optimised formulation achieved sustained drug release with reduced dosing frequency. Statistical analysis confirmed significant effects of drug-to-polymer ratio and solvent concentration on release kinetics (p<0.05). An amorphous GA dispersion was formed within PLGA, which exhibited good physical compatibility. The Higuchi model\u27s high slope (5.3858) and negative intercept (-4.8536) corroborate the strong linear relationship between drug release and the square root of time, providing compelling evidence for classically diffusion-controlled release. Ex vivo studies demonstrated consistent release profiles (p>0.05 vs. in vitro), and cytotoxicity assays showed high biocompatibility.
Conclusion: The Atrigel® system offers a promising long-acting alternative to conventional GA therapy, with controlled release, enhanced stability, and improved patient compliance. Future studies should focus on in vivo pharmacokinetics and scalability
REGULATORY AND FUNCTIONAL FRONTIERS IN PRECISION ONCOLOGY
No full textPrecision oncology has come a long way, largely thanks to our growing understanding of the molecular changes that drive cancer. By identifying these alterations, researchers and clinicians can now tailor treatments more effectively, offering what’s often called the right drug for the right patient at the right dose and at the right time. This approach has opened new possibilities in how we classify diseases, design clinical trials and use biomarkers and health technology to guide decisions. Modern tools like next-generation sequencing (NGS), RNA analysis and immune profiling have made it possible to analyse tumours and even detect genetic material like cell-free DNA from blood samples. These technologies help identify specific mutations or markers that could influence treatment. However, while the potential is enormous, there are still some challenges. For example, interpreting large volumes of genetic data can be tricky and there’s always the risk of false positives or unexpected findings. Plus, whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome profiling can still be expensive and time-consuming. To keep pace, regulatory agencies like the FDA in the U. S. and the EMA in Europe have put frameworks in place to ensure that precision therapies are developed responsibly. The FDA, for instance, encourages simultaneous development of diagnostics and treatments. Meanwhile, the UK’s MHRA has launched initiatives like the Precision Medicine Catapult to speed up innovation and translation from lab to clinic. Looking ahead, scientists are exploring even more refined strategies, such as functional precision oncology. Instead of relying solely on genetic sequencing, this approach incorporates real-time data about how tumours behave and respond to drugs, offering a more dynamic and personalised way to choose the most effective treatment