Innovare Academic Sciences: E-Journals
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TRANEXAMIC ACID ON PERIOPERATIVE BLOOD LOSS IN SPINE SURGERY: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
No full textObjective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing spinal surgery.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital from January 2022 to February 2023. Patients undergoing spinal surgery who received perioperative TXA were assessed for intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drain output, transfusion requirements, and adverse events, including thromboembolic complications.
Results: The use of TXA was associated with a significant reduction in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drain output, and transfusion requirements. No increase in thromboembolic or other major adverse events was observed.
Conclusion: Perioperative administration of tranexamic acid is a safe and effective blood conservation strategy in spinal surgery, significantly reducing blood loss and transfusion needs without increasing thromboembolic risk
EVALUATION OF PRESCRIPTION PRACTICES IN THE MEDICINE WARD OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN WEST BENGAL: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
No full textObjective: Rational prescribing is crucial for ensuring patient safety, optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing healthcare costs. Irrational prescription practices remain a major concern, particularly the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Prescription audit serves as a key tool to assess and improve prescribing behaviour, ensuring adherence to standard treatment guidelines. This study aimed to assess the prescribing patterns with special emphasis on the use of antimicrobials and evaluate the rationality of prescriptions in relation to standard treatment guidelines and the principles of essential medicines use.
Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Barasat Government Medical College and Hospital over three months. A total of 365 prescriptions were collected through simple random sampling from the medicine wards and hospital records, of which 334 were eligible for analysis. Prescriptions were evaluated using WHO core drug use indicators, and data were analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel 2021.
Results: Generic prescribing was observed in 100% of prescriptions, and 91.3% of drugs were from the National List of Essential Medicines (2022). The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.51, indicating moderate polypharmacy. Antibiotics were prescribed in 0.76 prescriptions reflecting cautious antimicrobial use. Only 35.04% of prescriptions documented a diagnosis, and patient advice was recorded in just 5.39%. The use of injectable formulations (average 4.27/prescription) was relatively high.
Conclusion: Prescribing practices largely adhered to rational drug use principles, but areas such as diagnostic documentation, patient counselling, and antimicrobial stewardship require strengthening. Regular audits and training are recommended to further enhance rational pharmacotherapy
ADJUNCT SYNBIOTIC THERAPY WITH VILDAGLIPTIN-METFORMIN IMPROVES GLYCEMIC CONTROL, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, AND COST-EFFICIENCY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
No full textObjectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of daily synbiotic supplementation combined with vildagliptin-metformin therapy for enhancing glycemic management, insulin responsiveness, and treatment cost-effectiveness in elderly type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods: A 12-week randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Participants aged 60–80 years with stable vildagliptin-metformin therapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to either continue standard treatment alone or receive additional daily synbiotic capsules containing 109 colony forming units each of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species with fructo-oligosaccharides. Primary endpoints included changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. Secondary outcomes assessed safety profile, treatment compliance, and cost per 1% HbA1c reduction using t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA (α=0.05).
Results: A total of 210 participants completed the study (n=105 per group). The synbiotic-supplemented group demonstrated significantly greater improvements compared to standard therapy: HbA1c reduction (−1.2% vs. −0.6%), FBG reduction (−29.9 vs. −15.2 mg/dL), PPBG reduction (−39.8 vs. −21.2 mg/dL), and TyG index improvement (−0.47 vs. −0.21) (all p<0.001). Treatment adherence exceeded 90% in both groups. Mild gastrointestinal effects occurred more frequently with synbiotic supplementation (27.6% vs. 21.0%) but were transient with no serious adverse events reported. Cost analysis favored the synbiotic intervention (₹750 vs. ₹900/1% HbA1c reduction).
Conclusion: Among elderly type 2 diabetes patients receiving vildagliptin-metformin therapy, adjunctive synbiotic supplementation provided significant improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity with superior cost-effectiveness and acceptable safety profile. These findings support considering synbiotic therapy integration in routine diabetes management when target glycemic goals remain unachieved
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF STEM BARK OF MORINGA OLEIFERA WITH ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIA AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
No full textObjectives: The study aimed to isolate and identify novel and known phytochemical compounds from the methanol extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark, to carry out comprehensive phytochemical profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and to evaluate the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds for potential anti-diabetic effects, along with assessing their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Methods: The methanol extract of M. oleifera stem bark was prepared and subjected to various chromatographic techniques for compound isolation. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed through spectral analysis, including proton nuclear magnetic resonance and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry spectroscopy. GC-MS analysis was conducted to identify the phytochemical constituents based on peak area, retention time, molecular weight, and molecular formula. The isolated compounds were tested for inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, and their antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated using standard in vitro assays.
Results: Two novel compounds, 4-hydroxy-7-methylmellein and 8-methylluteolin, along with four known compounds, benzyl laurate, 4-hydroxymellein, kaempferol, and quercetin, were isolated from the methanol extract. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of eighty-five compounds in the extract in which 07 compounds identified as common laboratory contaminants or plasticizers, 70 compounds are identified as bioactive phytochemicals, and eight compounds are repeated at different R. Time. Total relative abundance by common laboratory contaminants or plasticizers is 22.61%. Alcohol, alkane, ester, fatty acid, phenolic, sterol, and miscellaneous bioactive phytochemicals are also identified with their total relative abundance, that is, 22.35%, 2.05%, 5.36%, 15.19%, 2.06%, 14.7%, and 15.7% respectively. Sterol, that is, dl-α-Tocopherol and γ-Sitosterol, and alcohols such as isocitronellol, cis-sinapyl alcohol, n-tetracosanol-1, and humulane-1,6-dien-3-ol are identified. The isolated six compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, indicating potential anti-hyperglycemia properties. In addition, antibacterial and antifungal assays demonstrated significant antimicrobial potential for certain isolated compounds.
Conclusion: The methanol extract of M. oleifera stem bark contains diverse bioactive phytochemicals with notable pharmacological activities, including enzyme inhibition relevant to hyperglycemia management and antimicrobial properties. The discovery of two novel compounds expands the phytochemical knowledge of M. oleifera and supports its traditional medicinal applications
PSORIASIS: AN INTEGRATED REVIEW OF A COMPLEX IMMUNE-MEDIATED DISEASE
No full textPsoriasis manifests as persistent inflammation of the skin, often presenting with distinct scaly plaques. However, the precise cause of this condition is not clear but is known to be a complex consequence of several factors. These factors include environmental, genetic, microbial, and immunity dysregulation. An estimate of the total number of affected persons pertaining to psoriasis is estimated at more than 125 million at present. Recent innovations in therapeutics, chiefly “biologics” therapeutics, have introduced new possibilities for developing highly targeted personalized treatments with more efficacy. This multifactorial disease is characterized by various types, where “Plaque Psoriasis” is the prevalent one. This article explores the multifaceted aspects of psoriasis, an inflammatory long-term disease defined by distinct plaques as well as scales. This review provides an integrated perspective on psoriasis by outlining recent insights into its immunopathogenesis and highlighting how these advances have supported the development of targeted biologic treatments while continuing to shape future research and clinical innovation
EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CYMBIDIUM ALOIFOLIUM (L.) SW EXTRACTS ON ETHYL ALCOHOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RODENTS
No full textObjective: Liver diseases are among the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, with alcohol consumption being a major contributing factor. The search for safer, plant-based hepatoprotective agents has gained significant interest. Cymbidium aloifolium is a medicinal orchid traditionally used for its therapeutic benefits, but its hepatoprotective potential remains underexplored. The present study aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition and evaluate the hepatoprotective efficacy of C. aloifolium ethyl acetate extract (CAEAE) and hydro-alcoholic extract (CAHAE) in an ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity model.
Methods: Phytochemical screening of both extracts was carried out using standard qualitative methods, while quantitative estimation of total phenolic and alkaloid content was performed. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed in ethanol-induced liver-damaged rats, with Liv-52 serving as the standard reference drug. Serum biochemical parameters, including alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and total protein, were analyzed to evaluate liver function.
Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and sugars in both extracts. The hydro-alcoholic extract (CAHAE) exhibited higher phenolic and alkaloid content compared to the ethyl acetate extract (CAEAE). Both extracts significantly reversed ethanol-induced liver damage and restored biochemical markers toward normal levels in a dose-dependent manner. The most pronounced hepatoprotective effect was observed at 400 mg/kg body weight, with CAHAE demonstrating superior activity to CAEAE.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that C. aloifolium possesses potent hepatoprotective properties, likely due to its rich phytochemical content, particularly phenols and alkaloids. These results provide scientific validation for the traditional use of C. aloifolium and highlight its potential as a natural hepatoprotective agent. Further research is needed to isolate and characterize the active bio-compounds responsible for its protective effects
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF UMBILICAL CORD AND CORD BLOOD IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
No full textUC/umbilical cord blood (UCB) has become an important option as sources of various types of stem cells to treat chronic diseases of various origins (blood disorders, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac diseases, diabetes, cancer, gastric and liver diseases, etc.). This is because these stem cells have demonstrated the potential to differentiate into mature cells and also to activate the endogenous progenitor cells to regenerate the tissue. In addition, a subpopulation of stem cells known as Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) has the unique ability to modulate the immune cell response through cell-to-cell interactions and/or by the abundant production of various growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles. UC and UCB-derived stem cells have emerged as superior alternatives due to their ethical acceptability, ease of procurement, and robust regenerative potential. Many clinical trials are being run using MSCs for the treatment of various disorders. Most importantly, the cells derived from these sources are readily available and present no serious ethical challenges, thereby making them an important therapeutic candidate in clinical settings. This review uniquely synthesizes the mechanistic pathways of UCB and Umbilical Cord (UC) across different major therapeutic areas and critically appraises the translational challenges from a clinical perspective. Moreover, we have also provided insights on the use of UCB/UC and its derivatives as vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the target tissue. These findings underscore the potential of UCB and UC not only as standalone treatments but also as innovative platforms for enhancing the efficacy of existing therapies. In addition, this review also highlighted the preclinical and clinical results that have been obtained using UCB and UC in various fields, as well as the challenges and regulatory limitations of those products in clinical settings. Future research should focus on overcoming regulatory hurdles and optimizing delivery systems to maximize patient outcomes
PLANT-DERIVED PHYTOCONSTITUENTS WITH ANTI-BREAST CANCER POTENTIAL: MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS, EVALUATION, AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS
No full textThis study reviews medicinal plants and their phytochemicals that show potential against breast cancer. Relevant research published up to August 2025 was collected from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The selected studies reported anticancer activity, mechanisms, or IC50 values of plant-derived compounds in vitro and in vivo. These compounds were grouped as terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, organosulfur compounds, and other bioactive molecules. Polyphenols (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol), terpenoids (e.g., withaferin A), and ginsenosides showed strong effects with low micromolar IC50 values, while alkaloids, such as vinblastine and vincristine demonstrated very high (nanomolar) potency. Some compounds, such as S-allyl cysteine and berberine, were less effective. Flavonoids, including epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin, showed notable anticancer activity. The main mechanisms involved are antioxidant action, immune modulation, hormone regulation, inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Overall, plant-based phytoconstituents show promising potential for breast cancer treatment and prevention, but issues, such as limited clinical evidence, poor bioavailability, and lack of standardization remain challenges. Advances in personalized medicine, synergistic therapies, standardized formulations, and nanotechnology may enhance their clinical use in the future
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ABSTINENCE AND RELAPSE IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY
No full textObjectives: This study evaluated psychosocial predictors of relapse and abstinence in alcohol-dependent individuals using standardized psychosocial assessment tools.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition–diagnosed alcohol-dependent patients (50 relapse; 50 abstinent). Four validated scales – Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI), Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) – were administered. Continuous predictors were standardized (z-scores). A single logistic regression model predicted relapse.
Results: Maladaptive coping was the strongest predictor of relapse (odds ratio [OR] = 30.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.99–120.16; p<0.001). Higher self-efficacy was protective (OR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.16–0.70; p=0.003). Higher perceived social support predicted relapse (OR=3.61; 95% CI: 1.52–8.58; p=0.004). Stress showed borderline significance (OR=2.06; p=0.055). Model fit was strong (Nagelkerke R2=0.54).
Conclusion: Coping, self-efficacy, social support, and stress significantly influence relapse risk. Psychosocial interventions enhancing coping and self-efficacy and modifying maladaptive family support may reduce relapse
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE PROCESS OF LINGA CHENDOORAM PREPARATION
No full textObjective: We know that most of the metals are toxic , that raised a great concern among people. The siddhars\u27 knowledge of Iatro-chemistry, minerals, metals and plants was stupendous. Hence, in this project attempts are made to standardize linga chendooram and to prove that the end product is free from metals. Linga chendooram is a herbo-metallic preparation, having Mercury as its chief constituent. The Siddhars have devised the preparation in such a way that makes it bio-compatible and non-toxic.
Methods: To prove, this research works select two methods for preparation and carry out standardization and validation studies on Zeta sizer, GCMS, FTIR, AAS, TGDTA and SEM analysis.
Results:Standardization results indicates that it preparation was fully completed as per literatures. GC-MS and FTIR results observed that the amine group present in final product have complex with cinnabar.AAS results point out medicines were free from toxic metals.The average size of the both products determined by Zeta sizer Nano size and was found to be 832.7nm and 676.7nm respectively. The TG-DTA and Zeta-sizer results conclude that the product is stable and can be used for biological system infusions. The SEM images confirmed the transformations in the morphology of the starting material which is due to the preparation process. The final product is coagulated which serves as evidence to complex formation.
Conclusion: This research work conclude, the toxic mercury may be converted into biocompatible form due to the chemical transformations and surface morphology changes that occurred during the process