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An Analysis of Gibbon Call Phrases in hybrids and their parent species
No full textGibbons are small Asian apes that live in stable territories and produce loud, species-specific songs, often in coordinated male/female duets. Two closely related species with conspicuously different songs are white-handed (Hylobates lar) and pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus). In Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, there is a small contact zone of co-occurrence where the species sometimes hybridize. One song phrase produced by hybrid females differs from that of both parent species, but no other hybrid singing has been systematically analyzed, and analysis of male hybrid song has never been reported. Here we describe how male trills, song phrases containing short, rapidly delivered notes, differ between species and show an intermediate number of notes and note rate in hybrid animals. If gibbon vocalizations act as a reproductive isolating mechanism between species, then the intermediate song characteristics of hybrids may be less attractive to potential mates of either parent species and thus potentially account for the small number of hybrid individuals (6-8%) found in the area where both species overlap
Effect of Capsaicin Analogs on Expression of Myogenic Differentiation Markers in C2C12 Myoblasts
No full textWARNING! Revising academic warning notifications to support students’ emotions, motivation, and help-seeking
Get PDFStruggling college students who receive academic warning notifications often have higher dropout rates than similarly performing peers who do not receive such notifications. This trend is partly driven by feelings of failure and shame, which undermine academic perseverance. To address this, we revised academic warning notifications to be more psychologically attuned—specifically, to support students’ self-worth, capability, and sense of belonging. In Study 1 (N = 247 SHU students), we compared students’ perceptions of a revised academic notification (v. 2.0) to a standard notification (v. 1.0). As expected, most students preferred the revised notification (83.6%) over the standard (16.4%). Further, students expected the revised notification to foster more positive feelings (e.g., hope, determination), reduce negative feelings (e.g., shame, guilt, anxiety), and increase their likelihood of taking adaptive steps to address academic difficulties (e.g., talking with an advisor, seeking tutoring). In Study 2 (N = 261 SHU students), we incorporated student feedback to further refine the notification (v. 3.0), adding clearer next steps and more explicit details about available academic support services. Students preferred v. 3.0 (63.5%) over v. 2.0 (36.5%), though by a smaller margin than in Study 1, suggesting that we may be approaching a saturation point where further refinements yield smaller, less noticeable improvements. As a next step, now that the revised notification has been implemented university-wide, we plan to analyze academic performance and retention data to assess its broader impact
The Treatment Approach of Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing on Childhood Apraxia of Speech
No full textChildhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder that impedes children\u27s ability to form correct words despite knowing what they want to communicate. The Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC) method is an effective treatment designed to enhance speech performance in children with varying degrees of CAS. This literature review assesses the use of DTTC by examining its impact on accurate movement gestures, whole-word accuracy, and speech-motor control through a comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed articles. Methodology included analysis using the PEDro scale, revealing that while many studies had limitations, DTTC demonstrates positive trends in treatment efficacy. Results indicated significant improvements in word accuracy and motor performance, with particular emphasis on the value of frequent speech productions in augmenting outcomes. However, limitations such as small sample sizes and brief treatment durations highlight the need for further research to bolster the evidence base for DTTC in CAS therapy
The Influence of Reward and Reward Sensitivity on Executive Functioning in Adults
Get PDFExecutive Functions (EFs) are a critical aspect of advanced human mental processing and higher-order functioning. The performance of EFs within adults was evaluated to examine the extent that reward presence and participant reward sensitivity influences such EFs performance. Previous research has indicated that the presence of a reward to children with low reward sensitivity tended to exhibit improved EFs when compared to children with high reward sensitivity. Similar trends were illustrated within studies on adults participants and urged for further exploration. Participants completed a Reward-Responsiveness Scale via a self-report survey to be designated as either high or low reward sensitivity, and were then tasked to complete a Color-Word Stroop Task both in the presence of and without a reward. Results indicated contrary to previous trends that the presence of a reward and participant reward sensitivity did not demonstrate improved EFs performance in participants. These findings did not indicate a relationship between reward presence and reward sensitivity with EFs as previously hypothesized, but provided insight into the innerworkings of EFs as a whole
A Movement Framework for Older Adults: Application of the Geriatric 5Ms.
No full textPhysical therapy for older adults must evolve to address the increasingly complex needs of older adults, who are living longer and managing multiple chronic conditions within challenging psychosocial and environmental contexts. Foundational models, such as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the Patient/Client Management model provide structural guidance but fail to fully integrate critical components necessary for comprehensive geriatric care. These models often emphasize immediate medical concerns rather than considering the broader, multifaceted influences on function and overall well-being. The prevailing focus remains on restorative approaches rather than proactive prevention and individualized management strategies, limiting their effectiveness in optimizing movement, function, and quality of life. The Movement Framework for Older Adults (MFOA) offers a paradigm shift in geriatric physical therapy by bridging these gaps and prioritizing a holistic, movement-centered approach. Rooted in the Geriatric 5Ms-Mind, Mobility, Medication, Multicomplexity, and what Matters Most-the MFOA provides a structured yet adaptable model by integrating movement with the physiological, cognitive, psychosocial, and pharmacological factors influencing mobility and function. This approach compels clinicians to assess and address the unique needs of each older adult, moving beyond impairment-based care toward a more comprehensive, person-centered strategy. Developed by the APTA Academy of Geriatrics\u27 Geriatric Movement System Task Force, the MFOA builds upon existing frameworks by explicitly incorporating movement and the Geriatric 5Ms into the assessment and intervention process. It aligns with hypothesis-driven clinical reasoning, equipping physical therapists with a systematic method to analyze movement impairments and functional limitations. This paper introduces the MFOA as a critical advancement in geriatric physical therapy, strengthening the foundation of current practice and enhancing its relevance to the evolving landscape of aging and health care. By emphasizing movement as a fundamental determinant of function and well-being, the MFOA empowers physical therapists to deliver targeted, effective, and person-centered care that aligns with what Matters Most to older adults