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Myocarditis simulating acute transmural myocardial infarction
No full textA patient with cardiogenic shock had typical electrocardiographic findings of acute anterior transmural myocardial infarction. Cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries and severe biventricular failure. Postmorten examination confirmed normal coronary arteries; acute myocarditis, but no evidence for infarction, was found. Electrocardiographic changes of myocarditis may be indistinguishable from acute transmural infarction. In suspected cases, cardiac catheterization should be considered prior to thrombolytic therapy
The influence of 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione on androgen metabolism and action in cultured human foreskin fibroblasts
No full text4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-OHA) has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of aromatase activity. It is effective in the control of estrogen-dependent processes in female subjects and may potentially be useful in the treatment of estrogen-dependent processes in men. Human foreskin fibroblasts grown in cell culture provide a model to investigate the effects of 4-OHA on extraglandular aromatase activity as well as the ability of the compound to influence androgen receptor binding and the 5α-reduction of testosterone (T). Initial experiments were carried out to determine the potency of 4-OHA in genital skin fibroblasts by incubating cells with 4-OHA over a range of concentrations. When aromatase activity was determined at a substrate concentration close to the apparent
K
m of the enzyme, a 44% inhibition of enzyme activity occurred at a mean concentration of 5 nM 4-OHA. Enzyme kinetic studies analyzed by Eadie-Hofstee plots demonstrated competitive inhibition by 4-OHA with a mean apparent
K
i of 2.7 nM. When 5α-reductase activity was determined in the presence of 200 nM [
3H]T, in the absence or presence of 4-OHA, a 50% inhibition of enzyme activity occurred at an inhibitor concentration of 3 μM. In androgen receptor binding studies, 4-OHA possessed 1% of the affinity of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for [
3H]DHT binding sites. In summary: 4-OHA is a potent and specific inhibitor of aromatase activity in human genital skin fibroblasts, the affinity of the enzyme for 4-OHA being greater than its affinity for the substrate, adrenostenedione. The influence of 4-OHA on 5α-reductase activity and androgen receptor binding is minimal
Major depressive disorder and impulsive reactivity to emotion: toward a dual-process view of depression
No full textDual-process theories of behaviour have been used to suggest that vulnerability to depression involves elevated reactivity to emotions. This study tests that idea, examining self-reported reactivity.
Comparison between persons with at least one lifetime episode of major depressive disorder (lifetime MDD) and those without this diagnosis, controlling for symptoms of alcohol use (a potential externalizing confound) and current symptoms of depression (a potential state-dependent confound).
Undergraduates (N = 120) completed a clinical interview to diagnose lifetime MDD and a series of self-reports bearing on diverse aspects of self-control, including reactivity to emotion. Thirty-four people were diagnosed with lifetime MDD; 86 did not meet criteria for MDD. The groups were then compared on three factors underlying the scales assessing self-control.
The MDD group had higher scores than controls on the two factors that reflect impulsive reactivity to diverse emotions, including emotions that are positive in valence. These effects were not explained by associations with either externalizing symptoms or current depressive symptoms.
Reflexive reactivity to emotions characterizes depression, in addition to some externalizing problems, and it may deserve study as a potential trans-diagnostic feature.
Reflexive reactivity to emotions characterizes persons diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Findings suggest desirability of focusing treatment partly on management of reflexive reactions to emotions.
Measures were self-reports, rather than behavioural responses to emotions
The Development of the Self-Regulation of Withholding Negative Emotions Questionnaire
No full textBased on the Self-Determination Theory, a questionnaire was developed to measure individual differences in the Self-Regulation of Withholding Negative Emotions (SRWNE). Measurement reliability and validity concerning the scale were examined in three studies. Results in Study 1 demonstrated the distinctiveness of the SRWNE from emotional regulation measures, suggesting that the SRWNE may be appropriate to measure styles of self-regulation and to clarify the negative affect-health relation. In Study 2, test-retest reliability of scores on the SRWNE subscales was examined as was validity of the SRWNE with respect to coping strategies and health. The SRWNE was related to self-reports of health and may be relevant for predicting how people cope with stress. Study 3 compared a Korean sample with the U.S. sample in Study 2 and suggested construct comparability of the SRWNE across cultures and genders
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Approach to Identify Immune Checkpoint Resistance Mechanisms in Triple-negative breast cancer
No full textExamining the Relationship Between Youth-Provider Racial/Ethnic Matching, Youth and Caregiver Working Alliance Ratings, and Treatment Engagement
No full textYouth of color are disproportionately diagnosed with mental health disorders, but they are also at a much higher risk of treatment dropout and lower rates of treatment engagement. Though the strength of the therapeutic alliance has been shown to predict youth treatment engagement, youth of color tend to endorse weaker alliance ratings than White youth. Racial/ethnic matching (REM) between youth and providers has been proposed as a strategy to foster the therapeutic alliance early on, thereby increasing treatment engagement; however, the literature on its effectiveness remains mixed. Additionally, no studies to date have identified whether youth or caregiver respective alliance ratings are more important to youth treatment engagement. The present study sought to 1) understand the relationship between provider REM and treatment engagement for youth and the potential mediating role of alliance, 2) determine whether youth or caregiver alliance is more predictive of treatment engagement, and 3) determine whether these models are moderated by race/ethnicity (i.e., non-Hispanic, White versus clients of color). Results revealed no significant effects of REM on alliance ratings and treatment engagement but found several significant effects of alliance ratings on treatment engagement. Youth and caregiver alliance ratings had independent effects on treatment engagement. Caregiver alliance also had a negative indirect effect on the relationship between youth-provider REM and treatment retention. Race/ethnicity was not a significant moderator of any pathway. Simple slope analyses did reveal several significant relationships between alliance ratings and treatment engagement for youth of color, but the slopes were not significantly different from non-Hispanic, White youth. </p