Marine Research in Indonesia (MRI - E-Journal)
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THE COMPUTATION OF OCEANIC AND METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS OF MOTION WITH FRICTION PROPORTIONAL TO THE VELOCITY
No full textThe friction in the hydrodynamical differential equations is taken proportional to the velocity. With it simple relations result, permitting the calculation of the mass transport, without the need to solve differential equations, if the wind and pressure distributions are known. The solution can cross the equator freely. Simultaneously the equations give the vertical components of motion at the lower boundary of the layer under consideration. Numerical values of the friction coefficient are given, and oceanographical and meteorological models are discussed, as for instance the monsoon winds over Southeast Asia, the monsoon currents in the Java and China Seas and the equatorial currents of the Pacific Ocean
CORAL RESEARCH IN THE INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO, THE PAST, THE PRESENT, AND THE FUTURE
No full textIn the past, several big expeditions crossed the Indonesian waters. Coral reefs and their amazing structures and inhabitants were always amongst their special interest. Geomorphological reef theories concerning the Sunda shelf in the Pleistocene period and the barrier reefs in the archipelago have been formulated during the first forty years of the present century. Two major areas of research are discussed i.e. the Bay of Jakarta with emphasis on structure and history of one of two coral islands, Nyamuk and Sakit, and the Togian area in Celebes. The rich tertiary coral reefs, east of the Pleistocene Sunda shelf around Celebes, are treated at the hand of the studies of the geologist, J.H.F. UMBGROVE. This author came across several coral reef problems which are still of present day interest e.g. the diversity and variability of the coral species as a result of the complex ecosystem. Two examples are mentioned to give a general idea of the questions arising in different coral species. Nowadays these problems are normally approached from the geological, physiological, ecological or taxonomic point of view. Even so, in the future many field descriptions will have to be carried out along with zoogeographical work in the main centres of taxonomy, before the species of major influence on the structure of the coral reefs can even merely'be listed
NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF RED ALGAE (RHODOPHYTA) ON THE CORAL REEF OF PARI ISLANDS, SERIBU ISLANDS
No full textMany species of red algae are economically important for their carrageenan contents. Since May 1974 to June 1975 an intensive survey on their distributions have been carried out on the fringing reef of Pari Islands, Seribu Islands. Thirty five species of Rhodophyta have been identified and their species composition and relative importance as compared to Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta have been studied. Environmental factors, such as bottom type and seasonal influence on their distribution, emphasized in the discussion. Further studies on inventory and the distribution of these algae will be continued particularly in support of the culture experiments for some of the species
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE CORAL REEF OF POMBO ISLAND
No full textA preliminary study on the ecology of the coral reef of Pombo Island was carried out in 1975. Pombo Island has a characteristic of an atoll and is considered a good habitat for coral and fish, including live-bait fish of commercial importance, Spratelloides delicatulus. Non-planktonic organisms collected consist of 39 species of corals, 56 species of molluscs, 17 species of echinoderms, 130 species of fishes and a number of crustacean species.Some ecological factors such as bottom condition, turbidity, temperatures, light intensity, and freshwater dilution are described. Population and distribution of corals and coral fishes are discussed
THE MANAGEMENT OF MANGROVES IN AN URBAN SITUATION
No full textSydney is an affluent city of nearly three million people surrounding three well developed estuaries and a shallow protected bay. These areas all originally had extensive wetlands of salt marsh, mangroves and sea-grass flats. The areas are now being rapidly reclaimed or destroyed by port development, marinas, canal estate development, playing fields, garbage tips or damaged by industry. They are also economically important fishing and oyster farming areas and the water masses are heavily used for recreation. In this paper we have selected three areas of wetlands in this region, threatened by different types of development and we discuss their ecology and their traditional biological attributes and the unique attributes that such areas have in an urban affluent society. These are their educational and recreational values to the community. We describe the planning of an education field centre adjacent to an urbanized wetland area and construction of boardwalks through the mangroves
CURRENT STATUS OF THE CALIFORNIA OYSTER INDUSTRY
No full textThe oyster culture operation in Moro Bay is typical of the United States Pacific Coast Crassostrea gigas mariculture industry. Of this Bay's 1,000 hectares of marshes, tidelands and channels 400 hectares have been alloted by the State of California for private oyster cultivation. Approximately 180 hectares of this allotment are suitable for bottom and stake culture on a three-year growing cycle. Each year this 60 hectares is planted with cultch shell at the rate of 60 cases of cultch per hectare. Each case contains an average of 1,000 cultch shells with 10 oyster spat per shell. A typical survival rate of 30% yields, 3,000 liters of oyster meat per hectare after 36 months of growth
SEASONAL VARIATION OF NITROGEN CYCLING IN MANILA BAY
No full textSeasonal variation in nitrogen cycling at the upper layer of the Pasig River estuary in Manila Bay was calculated during January 1996 to December 1998 by using the numerical ecosystem model. Chl.a and DIN concentrations are relatively low, river discharge is small, and solar radiation is strong from March to May in dry season. The main reason of low chl.a concentration is that the solar radiation is too strong. On the other hand, as DIN concentration is relatively high and solar radiation is optimum, chl.a concentration is relatively high from August to December in rainy season. Main source of DIN in rainy season is the vertical transport from the lower layer due to the strong estuarine circulation
SEAGRASS POPULATION CONNECTIVITY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
No full textSeagrass plays important ecological roles and ecosystem services, yet degrading alarmingly in the South China Sea (SCS), one of the largest marginal seas of the Western Pacific. As connectivity is a vital component in population persistence, understanding of connectivity is of importance for effective seagrass conservation management. In the South China Sea, our understanding of connectivity is mainly based on studies in fishes and invertebrates. Connectivity in seagrass populations, on the other hand, is still poorly investigated. In this review, I predict that genetically structured population of seagrass is likely to occur in the SCS. Future research on seagrass connectivity should include (i) investigation on the pattern of connectivity at a local and broader-regional scale, and (ii) investigation on processes involved in the seagrass connectivity. These investigations are aimed to improve our knowledge of seagrass connectivity and to contribute in providing a solid framework for seagrass restoration/transplantation and spatial planning of seagrass management
THE GENUS SIGANUS IN THE COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY (SIGANIDAE)
No full textTen species of the genus Siganus namely Siganus vulpinus, S. corallinus, S. spinus, S. oramin, S. javus, S. virgatus, S. puellus, S. chrysospilos, S. vermiculatus, and S. guttatus are available in the collection of the Lembaga Oseanologi Nasional (LON = National Institute of Oceanology). The description of each of these species is presented
ANTHIAS HUTOMOI, A NEW SPECIES OF SERRANID FISH FROM INDONESIA (PERCIFORMES, SERRANIDAE)
No full textAnthias hutomoi, a member of the family Serranidae (subfamily Anthiinae) is described from 11 specimens taken by trawl at Seram, Indonesia. It appears to be allied to Anthias cichlops (BLEEKER,), but differs in several important respects, including head length, caudal shape, and counts for the lateral-line, soft dorsal rays, and pectoral rays