Marine Research in Indonesia (MRI - E-Journal)
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ARTISANAL SHARK AND RAY FISHERIES IN SOUTH OF INDONESIA
No full textStudies on artisanal fisheries of sharks and rays in Indonesia were carried out during 2001-2004. A market sampling method was employed to collect fisheries data from a number of major landings sites, namely: Pelabuhanratu and Cilacap in south coast of Java, Kedonganan in south coast of Bali and Tanjung Luar on the island of Lombok. Large proportions of the shark and ray landings were by-catch of tuna longlines and gillnets, and shark surface and bottom longlines from Tanjung Luar - east of Lombok. The shark landings were dominated by the families Carcharhinidae, Squalidae, Allopidae and Sphyrnidae, while rays were dominated by the Dasyatidae, Rhynchobatidae and Mobulidae. Most of the landings were processed to be dried and salted products for local consumptions. Some of them are exported to Asian countries. The most valuable part of sharks are their fins, which are a delicacy in Chinese cuisine. The major importers of Indonesian shark fins are Hongkong that contributed 46.3% of the total reported exports of shark fins from Indonesia
SEDIMENT CONTAMINANT AND TOXICITY IN KELABAT BAY, BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE
No full textSediment of 16 sites in the Kelabat Bay were monitored for metal contamination and toxicity in 2006. Two patterns of metal contaminants distribution in the sediment were observed. Higher concentrations of lead and copper were found in March than those in July, and so was in the inner bay than those observed in the outer bay, while different pattern was observed for cadmium concentration. The highest lead concentrations were observed at site 7 (inner bay) both in March and July. Although elevated levels of cadmium, lead and copper were observed in sediments, they were still in the tolerable level for marine life. Sediment of the bay was also evaluated for its toxicity using marine phytoplankton, Chaetoceros gracilis and sea urchin, Tripneustes gratila. Results of the tests reveal that no toxic effects of sediment to the growth of phytoplankton were observed, but to sea urchin fertilization of the sediment may have toxic effect
CALANOID COPEPODS OF THE GENUS CENTROPAGES AND ITS SPECIES-GROUP FROM INDONESIAN WATERS
No full textThe marine copepods of the genus Centropages form a very important component of tropical marine ecosys-tem, but are poorly known. In a continuing study of the copepods of Indonesian coastal waters, eight species of Centropages were collected from 11 sites during 1996-2006. Four out of five previously known species i.e., C. calaninus (Dana, 1849); C. furcatus (Dana, 1849); C. gracilis (Dana, 1849); C. orsini Giesbrecht, 1896, except C. elongatus Giesbrecht, 1869 have been recorded. Four species i.e., C. brevifurcus Shen and Lee, 1963; C. dorsispinatus Thompson and Scott, 1903; C. sinensis Chen and Zhang, 1965; and C. tenuiremis Thompson and Scott, 1903, are new records for the area
RECRUITMENT PATTERN OF JUVENILE FISHES INTO PAMI RIVER ESTUARY (WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA
No full textRecruitment pattern of juvenile fishes into Pami River estuary, West Papua, Indonesia (S 00.80970, E.134.06050), was studied from July to October 2005. The study purposes were 1) to observe fish diversity in family level, 2) to observe fish abundance of each family, 3) to observe recruitment pattern related to abundance and tidal rhythm. Samples were collected using line transect method and identification procedure were done based on morphological characteristics. A total of 19 Families were identified, namely Acanthuridae, Ambassidae, Anguillidae, Apogonidae, Carangidae, Chlopsidae, Clupeidae, Congeridae, Elopidae, Engraulidae, Gerreidae, Gobiidae, Mugillidae, Platycephalidae, Callyonimidae, Siganidae, Syngnathidae, Terapontidae, Tetraodontidae. Fishes composition varied each month. Family of Gobiidae was the most dominant juvenile fishes recruiting during this study with 32%, 69.5%, 84.3%, 71.3%, respectively. Other 8 families (Ambassidae, Engraulidae, Elopidae, Chlopsidae , Siganidae, Syngnathidae, Congeridae , and Callyonimidae) had the lowest composition varied from 0.4% to 3.2%. Three different patterns in abundance during the recruitment time of juvenile fishes, 1) early night (18.00-21.00) was represented by Ambassidae, Chlopsidae, Clupeidae, Gerreidae, Terapontidae, 2) mid-night (22.00-01.00) was represented by Callyonimidae, Congeridae, Engraulidae, Mugilidae, Platycephalidae, Tetraodontidae, and 3) late night (02.00-05.00) represented by Acanthuridae, Apogonidae, Carangidae, Elopidae, Gobiidae, Siganidae, Syngnathidae. However, the peak of abundance occurred at late night (>50 specimens caught), and recruitment pattern of all juvenile fishes has been associated with tidal rhythm
POTENTIAL TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA IN THREE LAKES OF JAKARTA-BOGOR AREA, INDONESIA
No full textThe research was aimed to understand the composition and dominancy of aquatic microalgae, and to know the potential toxicity of Cyanobacteria occuring in three lakes of Jakarta-Bogor area. The study was done in 2006. The sampling sites were Lake Sunter 2 (North Jakarta), Lake Babakan (South Jakarta), and Lake Lido (Bogor). The water samples were taken using plankton-net (20 tan mesh) with horizontal tow. The results showed that. the number of microalgal genera in Sunter 2, Babakan, and Lido were different, i.e. 10 genera, 40 genera, and 14 genera, respectively. Cyanobacteria were dominant in Sunter 2 (96%) and Babakan (90.01%). The dominant Cyanobacteria in Sunter 2 was Planktothrix agardhii (53.48%), whereas in Babakan was Chroococcus dispersus (68.52%). The second abundant Cyanobacteria in Sunter 2 was Arthrospira (42.54%). Planktothrix agardhii and Arthrospira are known to produce harmful toxin
FIVE SPECIES OF MATUTA (CALAPPIDAE, BRACHYURA, DECAPODA) FROM INDONESIA
No full textFive species of Matuta from Indonesia i.e. lunaris, planipes, banksii, inermis and cuntispina are differentiated and grouped according to several important morphological characters. Each species is briefly described but extensively illustrated including the first and the second male pleopods. The first male pleopod of M. curtispina is quite different from the other four. The use of the structure of the stridulating organs as one of the important characters in classifying the species is emphasized and a new key is established
FATE OF SEAGRASS PRODUCTION AS ASSESSED BY CAGE EXPERIMENTS IN Enhalus Acoroides BED IN GILIMANUK BAY, BALI, INDONESIA
No full textIn 2006, the amounts of seagrass products floating away and depositing were measured by in situ cage experiments in a monospecific seagrass meadow of Enhalus acoroides in Gilimanuk Bay, Bali Island. Results showed that the average rates of the floating and depositing leaves were 4.03 + 0.28 and 7.95 + 0.31 gram dry weight shoot-1 day-1 respectively. To express it in another way, about 66.4 % of seagrass production was deposited on the seagrass bed and 33.6 % floated away from the seagrass bed
BIODIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION, AND ABUNDANCE OF THE TROPICAL ANGUILLID EELS IN THE INDONESIAN WATERS
No full textIn order to understand biodiversity, distribution, and abundance among the tropical anguillid eels in the Indonesian waters, inshore migration mechanism of the juvenile anguillid eel (glass eel) to the estuaries of western, central, and eastern region of Indonesian waters were examined using both morphology and genetic analyses. A total of 9 species/sub species of anguillid eels (Anguilla bicolor bicolor, A. nebulosa nebulosa, A. bicolor pacifica, A. interioris, A. borneensis, A. celebesensis, A. marinorata, A. obscura and A. megastoma) were recognized to recruit at the mouth of 15 rivers through Indonesian archipelago. Species/subspecies diversity and distribution of recruiting juveniles differs in the estuaries of each region. In the western region that represented by estuary of Krueng Aceh, Batang Antokan, Air Kertaun, Cibaliung, Citanduy, Progo, and Pacitan Rivers, three species and sub species (A. bicolor bicolor, A. nebulosa nebulosa and A. bicolor pacifica) were found. In the central region that represented by estuary of Mahakam, Palu, Dumoga, Poigar, Bone, and Poso Rivers, five species and sub species (A. borneensis, A. celebesensis, A. marinorata, A. bicolor pacilica and A. interioris) were found. In the eastern region that represented by estuary of Akelamo and Pami Rivers, four species (A. marinorata, A. interioris, A. obscura and A. megastoma) were found. During the 6 months investigation from May to October 2005, abundance of the juveniles was higher in the central region compared with western and eastern regions. These results were suggested that inshore migration mechanism of tropical anguillid eels recruiting in tropical estuaries of Indonesian waters differs among regions
THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SEAGRASS IN ENGGANO ISLANDS, BENGKULU
No full textThe community structure of seagrass in Enggano Islands has been studied in August 2004. The aim of the study was to assess the seagrass community including species composition, density, and distribution pattern. The study was executed using transect quadrat methods, where seagrasses were counted in quadrats of 50 cm2. The result showed that the Enggano Islands seagrasses consist of seven species Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, Thallasia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The highest density occurred in Dua Island dominated by Thallasia hemprichii (363.3 shoots m-2), while the lowest density occurred in Merbau Island dominated by Enhalus acoroides (0.4 shoot m-2). The highest diversity index (HB) occurred in Kiape Bay (1.446) and the lowest in Merbau Island (0.634). In general, seagrass community in Enggano Islands was dominated by Thallasia hemprichii. All species has clumped distribution pattern (Id > 1)
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF ANTICANCER SUBSTANCES FROM MARINE MICROORGANISMS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF NEW BUTENOLIDE AS NEW ANTICANCER
No full textAn investigation to find new anticancer substances from marine microorganisms was conducted at the Marine Biotechnology Institute, Kamaishi Campus, Iwate, Japan. The samples were from MBI microorganism collection. They were bacteria, actinomycetes and fungus. Mammalian cancer cells, A549, were used as screening medium. The method for screening of the targeted microorganism was micro plate method. HK294 was found as microorganism which has the most interesting phenomenon in inhibiting A549 cancer cells. HK294 was identified to be Streptomyces viridocyaneus (homology 99%) by its 16S rDNA sequence. The HK294 was cultured in Marine Broth medium and incubated at 30°C for seven days in 100 rpm orbital shaker incubator, to produce active substance. Silica Gel Column Chromatography and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography were used for separation of the active substances. NMR and Mass Spectrum were used for determination of the active substances. Butenolide, Teleocidin A1 and New Butenolide were isolated from this experiment. The New Butenolide is promising to be used for anticancer drug but it need further research