Marine Research in Indonesia (MRI - E-Journal)
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EFFECT OF VARIOUS DIETARY SEAWEEDS ON THE GROWTH OF GOLD-MOUTH TURBAN (Turbo chrysostomus L., 1758) AT LOMBOK, INDONESIA
No full textGold-mouth turban (Turbo chrysostomus L., 1758) is an important source of protein for coastal people in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. In order to acquire its seed production technique, research on the culture of the species was carried out since 2012. Feed source is a key concern when culturing animal, including turban snail. Growth of gold-mouth turban fed with seaweed Gracilaria sp., Ulva spp., and Kappaphycus alvarezii was evaluated. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 snail juveniles with an initial body weight and shell length of 4.65 ± 0.00 g and 24.55 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. After six weeks feeding trial, snails fed with Gracilaria sp. diet had significantly higher (P < 0.05) in final weight, final shell length, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and food intake compared to snails fed with Ulva spp. or K. alvarezii diets
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY ANALYSIS OF DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS ALONG THE MAIN PATHYWAY OF THE INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW: SPATIAL VIEW
No full textDeep-sea sediment is the primary marine archive for reconstructing climate of the past millennia. With an array of geochemical analyses and more techniques to be developed, conservative sample usage is necessary. This study presents spectrophotometry analysis as a non-intrusive approach on deep-sea sediment samples retrieved along the main pathway of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Makassar Strait. Sediments from 25 sites including: Eastern Kalimantan, western Sulawesi, south Makassar Strait, southern Sulawesi and northern Bali are scanned as wet and dried samples over the visible spectra (400-700nm). After taking first derivatives of the raw data to accentuate the signals, R-mode factor analysis is applied to reveal three factors that explain 96.99% variance. Factor 1, which explains 53.94% variance, is characterized as halite. Factor 2 (30.89%) is carbonate and Factor 3 (12.18%) is kaolinite or clay mineral. XRD analysis reveals the presence of calcite, quartz, halite, plagioclase and aragonite, with the first three being the most prevalent minerals. Spatial distribution map of Factor 1 (halite) shows higher values in eastern Kalimantan, south Makassar Strait and western Sulawesi. Factor 2 (carbonate) is relatively high in eastern Kalimantan, southern Sulawesi and northern Bali; with similar observation at the first two sites from accompanying carbonate content analysis. Relatively high Factor 3 (kaolinite) in eastern Kalimantan is consistent with its proximity to the Mahakam River delta. Characteristics of each region are further discussed herein. Taken together, this information lays a foundation for applying the non-intrusive spectrophotometry downcore to study past climate change in the Makassar Strait.
MEGANTHIAS KINGYO (KON, YOSHINO AND SAKURAI, 2000) (PERCIFORMES: SERRANIDAE) FROM BITUNG, NORTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA: FIRST RECORD FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN
No full textEight specimens of Meganthias kingyo were collected from Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia between 2008 - 2010. The specimens were caught from about 70-150 m off Lembeh Island. M. kingyo differs from M. natalensis by having the following characteristics: pores lateral line scales (43 vs. 49); pectoral rays (16 vs. ii.14); body depth (47.1 vs. 51.9); head length (31.0 vs. 38.2), body depth (47.1 vs. 52.9), caudal peduncle depth (12.1 vs. 14.2), pectoral fin length (28.0 vs. 34.3), pelvic fin length (33.6 vs. 31.1), anal fin base length (19.4 vs. 22.2), caudal fin length (66.9 vs. 35.3) and longest dorsal fin ray (48.5 vs. 27.4). Previously, this species has been reported from Houzan-sone, off Miyako and Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa, Japan; and herein is recorded from off Lembeh Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC LOGGING INSTRUMENT TO HELP SCIENTIFIC DIVER IN CORAL REEF MONITORING
No full textIndonesia is situated in the Coral Triangle region that has the world’s highest coral reef biodiversity. Therefore, coral reef monitoring needs to be conducted regularly to assess the condition of coral reef ecosystem for management purpose. There are several coral reef monitoring methods available such as the line intercept transect (LIT), point intercept transect (PIT), photo transect, belt transect and benthic towed-diver. In Indonesia, LIT and PIT are the most commonly used methods for coral monitoring. However, there is a main disadvantage when collecting data using these methods, that is scientific divers need to spend hours to input the data after dives. Here, we introduce an electronic logging instrument called Coral Input Data Instrument that helps to decrease the input data time by employing a look-up table system that simplifies data input process by replacing text with numerical coding. In addition, water quality data such as temperature, depth and visibility also are embedded in the electronic logging instrument. The instrument hardware consists of Arduino Mega 2560, keypad 4x3, LCD Module 16x2 character, real time clock, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, visibility sensor and micro SD card module. Arduino IDE 1.6.5 software is used to program the microcontroller. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the instrument in the field
MICROPLASTIC IN THE DEEP-SEA SEDIMENT OF SOUTHWESTERN SUMATRAN WATERS
No full textIndonesia was recently ranked second on the list of countries producing plastic waste. Plastic can be degraded by thermal oxidation either with ultraviolet radiation and by mechanical to a very small size the size will be smaller. Degraded plastic with small sizes (<5 mm) measured has been micrometers known as microplastic. We took sediment samples on 07-18 May 2015 in EWIN 2015 cruise, which part of the contribution of Indonesian researchers for the International Indian Ocean Expedition-2 program, at 66.8 to 2182 m below sea level. Microplastic analysis from the sediment was carried out by using flotation methods. We found microplastic in 8 locations out of 10 sampling locations. We found 41 particles microplastic with a form of granules (35 particles) and fibers (6 particles). Most of microplastic particles were found at depths less than 500 m with 20 particles. The discovery of microplastic in the sediment from the sea of western Sumatra at a depth more than 2000 m, indicated that plastic, considered new developed materials (early nineteen centuries made), has invaded marine areas, including pristine areas. It confirms the statement that plastic waste has spread widely to different areas of the seas and oceans, including remote and mostly unknown areas such as the deep sea
THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND SPECIES DIVERSITY OF SPONGES ON CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS IN THE LEMBEH STRAIT, BITUNG
No full textSponges are one of the most diverse benthos in the coral reef ecosystem. They have many morphological characters that are specific to species, and their existence is influenced by environmental conditions. The aims of this study are to observe the relationship between morphological and species diversity of sponges in coral reef ecosystem in the Lembeh Strait and investigate the most influential environmental factor on sponge diversity. The study was carried out between April and May 2013 at nine study sites. The methods used were belt transect and line intersect transect (LIT) installed parallel to the coastline at approximately 5-meter depth. Our study supports a positive correlation between the morphological diversity and species diversity of sponges. Many of the morphological growth types were specific to sites that have particular characteristics. The percentage of the live coral cover is not a critical factor for sponge diversity in the strait. Instead, dead coral with algae as a benthic category has a significant positive correlation with the morphological and species diversity of sponges. Conversely, rubble as a substrate type has a strong tendency to affect sponge diversity negatively. To conclude, it is important to maintain healthy reefs in order to sustain benthic communities that are valuable to ecological functions and societies. Keywords:sponges, diversity, coral reefs, Lembeh Strait
CARBON SOURCE OPTIMIZATION FOR ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION FROM AAPTOS-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA Rhodobacteracea bacterium SP.2.11
No full textMarine sponge Aaptos-aaptos is thought to produce antimicrobial aaptamine and its derivatives. To investigate whether its associated bacteria are in fact the producer of such bioactive compounds, a study of antibacterial compounds derived from Aaptos-associated bacteria was conducted. In this research, approximately 10 bacterial colonies were isolated from the sponge Aaptos aaptos. Among the bacteria isolated, the one that showed the most potential for producing antibacterial compounds was Rhodobacteracea bacterium. Extra and intracellular bacterial extract from this strain strongly inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio eltor, while were moderately effective against Bacillus subtilis. Optimization of antibacterial activity was conducted by culturing Rhodobacteraceae bacterium in various carbon sources such as glucose, lactose, amylum, molasses and glycerol. The highest production of biomass was obtained by culturing this bacteria in SYP (Seawater Yeast Peptone) medium, enriched with 1% glycerol as the carbon source and with a harvesting time of around 56-104 hours. The highest activity (8 U/ml) was reached when culturing this strain in SYP medium without any adding of carbon sources. Data analysis using a statistical tool indicated that carbon sources added to medium do not have a significant effect on antibacterial activity. Characterizing the compound responsible for the antibacterial properties will be the topic of further work.Keywords : carbon source, Rhodobacteracea bacterium, Aaptos aaptos, associated bacteria
INFLUENCE OF MINERAL ACCRETION INDUCED BY ELECTRIC CURRENT ON THE SETTLEMENT AND GROWTH OF THE SCLERACTINIAN CORAL POCILLOPORA DAMICORNIS (CNIDARIA, ANTHOZOA, HEXACORALLIA)
No full textThe effect of mineral accretion induced by electric current on settlement, growth, and survival of planula larvae and juvenile corals of Pocillopora damicornis was examined by both laboratory and field experiments. The laboratory experiment showed that the numbers of larvae settling on tiles with coralline algae and steel plates encrusted with limestone under no electric current condition were higher than that of other conditions. In the field, the highest survival rates of juvenile corals occurred under the lowest electric current density. However, there was no difference on the growth of juvenile corals between different electric current levels. The mineral accretion could potentially be used to enhance survival of juvenile corals for coral rehabilitation purpose
REARING OF JUVENILE DONKEY-EAR ABALONE (Haliotis asinina) IN FLOW-THROUGH TANKS WITH THE ADDITION OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES
No full textThis study investigated the effects of the addition of coral rubble and polyvinylchloride (PVC) guttering as substrates on the growth of donkey-ear abalone (Haliotis asinina) reared in a flow-through water system. The tanks were100 cm long x 50 cm wide x 40 cm deep, filled with sea water up to 30 cm high. Hatchery-produced abalone with a mean initial shell length of 30.9 ± 0.1 mm and wet weight of 5.5 ± 0.1 g were stocked at 25 individuals/tankthat corresponded to stocking densities of ca. 50 abalone/m2 of the bottom area of the tank. Juvenile abalonewere provided with an excess red seaweed Gracilaria spp daily over 175 days. The results show that growth and growth rates in shell length and wet body weight were not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Survival rates of juveniles reared in the tank with the addition of coral rubble and/or PVC guttering were 100%, but 98% for juveniles in the tank without the addition of substrate. The average daily growth rates of shell length and wet body weight were 0.087+0.037 mm and 0.088+0.044 g for juveniles reared in the tank with the addition of coral rubble; 0.081+0.030 mm and 0.077+0.032 g for juveniles reared in the tank with the addition of PVC guttering; and 0.082+0.032 mm and 0.078+0.039 g for juveniles reared in tank without addition of substrates
BIOACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM (CD) BY WHITE SHRIMP PENAEUS MERGUIENSIS AT DIFFERENT SALINITY IN KEDUNGMALANG ESTUARY, JEPARA (CENTRAL JAVA)
No full textEstuarine of Kedungmalang has salinity variability and is assumed to bepolluted by cadmium (Cd) derived from human activities around Kedung region. In this study, bioaccumulation of Cd by white shrimp Penaeus merguienis in relation with salinity difference was determined. Sampling was conducted at four stations : estuary (15‰ and 25‰ of salinity) and husbandry area (15‰ and 25‰ of salinity). Data on in situ water quality parameters was obtained at each station. Absorption Atomic Spectrometer was used to measure Cd concentration. The water quality of parameters and the concentrations of Cd in the shrimp were compared with quality standards and weekly consumption limit of white shrimps is also suggested. The Cd concentrations on the white shrimp was found the highest concentration of 0.669 μg.g-1 . The limit comsumption of the white shrimp of Estuarine of Kedungmalang,suggested by the resut of this study, is about 523-1537 grams per week