Marine Research in Indonesia (MRI - E-Journal)
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DIVERSITY OF MOLLUSC COMMUNITIES IN THE SEAGRASS BED IN PULAU GAZUMBO, PENANG, MALAYSIA
No full textA study on the diversity of mollusc communities inhabiting the seagrass bed of Pulau Gazumbo, Penang, which is known as a manmade island covered with seagrass communities in Malaysia, was conducted. The seagrass species reported in this island are Halophila ovalis Hook (1858), H. ovata Gaud (1827), H. spinulosa Aschers (1875) and H. beccarii den Hartog (1977), with H. ovalis being the dominant species. A total of 15 random lmx lm quadrates were taken on the seagrass bed around the island during lowest tide. A total of 14 species from 12 genera and 9 families of gastropods and a total of 8 species from 8 genera and 6 families of bivalves were reported in this study. Nassarius livescens from the Family Nassariidae is the most dominant molluscs (18 individuals per m2) inhabiting the seagrass beds
ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF ZOOPLANKTON IN LEMBEH STRAIT, BITUNG, INDONESIA
No full textThis study examined the diversity and abundance of zooplankton in Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi. Plankton were sampled monthly from September 2004 to February 2005, collected at four stations using a plankton net of 300 pm meshsize with vertical tow of 10 m water column from the bottom. Environmental factors i.e pH, salinity, current velocity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured in situ at the time of plankton sampling. In general, the environmental conditions of Lembeh Strait were in optimal range for zooplankton. There was a similar pattern in the abundance of zooplankton among stations. Crustacea (mainly Copepoda) was the dominant genera among stations, followed by Ciliata and Tunicata. In all stations, the most abundance taxa (72.3%) was Crustacea (21 genera), mainly copepod (18 genera). There were 7 other classes of holoplankton: Ciliata (2 genera), Rhisopoda (1 genus), Hidrozoa (1 genus), Polychaeta (2 genera), Sagitoedea (1 genus) and Tunicata (2 genera). Meroplankton (larva) were only represented by 5 genera. The most common genera were calanoid copepods, such as Calanus spp., Undinula spp., Eucalanus spp., Rhincalanus spp., Paracalanus spp., and Acartia spp. Diversity, evenness and dominance indices showed that Serena Island, a relatively uncontaminated area, was more productive than the other three stations which were considered as relatively contaminated area with anthrophogenic sources
THE COASTAL CURRENT SOUTH OF JAVA
No full textThis paper concerns investigations of the hydrography of the waters south of Java, especially of the Java Coastal Current, which have been carried out by the Institute of Marine Research at Djakarta. It is based on (1) oceanographic observations made by the research vessel "SAMUDERA" in February 1957, (2) the surface salinity data of the years 1949—1955, consisting of about 700 observations which were collected by the Institute of Marine Research at Djakarta, and (3) the surface current data obtained from the Atlas of Oceanographic and Meteorological data of the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
NOTES ON STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEA FROM SERIBU ISLANDS AND ADJACENT WATERS WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
No full textThe stomatopod fauna of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, and adjacent waters is still poorly known. This study reveals the existence of 30 species in this area. A new species belonging to Oratosquilla is described. Records of distribution for those species are based on the material collected from this area only
THE SPECIES OF RASTRELLIGER IN THE JAWA SEA, THEIR TAXONOMY AND MORPHOMETRY (PERCIFORMES, SCOMBRIDAE)
No full textAnalyses of morphometric data suggest that there are two species within the genus Rastrelliger, namely brachysoma and kanagurta. Rastrelliger neglectus is considered to be a synonym of R. brachysoma. Both species exhibit intraspecific geographical variations in some of their morphological characters. The characters that exhibit sexual dimorphisms, strong allometric growth, and geographical variations are described. The description of the genus and a key to the species are given
THE PROBLEMS OF CONSERVATION OF CORAL REEFS IN NORTHWEST SABAH
No full textIn March 1974 a survey was made of the coral reefs of NW Sabah centered on three main areas (1) Kota Kinabalu, (2) Kudat and (3) Labuan. At various sites within these areas, the coral reefs were assessed according to the extent of living coral, the damage resulting from fish blasting, mining and sedimentation, and the accessibility for tourism.The coral reefs in this region support a significant fishery accounting for about 30 percent of the fish landings both in weight and monetary value. Reef fish are caught by lines, gill nets, and illegal use of explosives. The latter method has seriously damaged a number of reef habitats resulting in a marked drop in the fauna including valuable fish and invertebrates.Coral mining for limestone used for foundations of buildings and roads has been carried out on accessible reefs near Labuan and Kota Kinabalu. The removal of coral heads has resulted in extensive reef damage especially near Labuan.Recent efforts have been made to preserve these reefs and has led to the establishment of a national park around Pulau.Gaya. However, a number of other areas require protection both to safeguard the fishery and promote tourism
A BIOLOGICALLY MEANINGFUL PROBABILITY DESCRIPTION OF PLANKTON STOCKS
No full textPlankton standing stocks can be described with a gamma probability distribution based on a stochastic logistic equation. The stock is characterized by a carrying capacity and a randomness coefficient
A COMPARISON OF SPONGE FAUNA OF EXPOSED AND SHELTERED REEF FLATS IN EASTERN INDONESIA
No full textA total of 116 specimens belonging to 61 sponge species were colleted from the reef flat of four different localities in Eastern Indonesia, namely : Maisel, east of Sumba, north' of Sumbawa and^ Bahuluang. The sponge species of exposed (Maisel), disturbed (Sumba and Sumbawa) and sheltered (Bahuluang) reef flats are compared using cluster and inverse analysis. The differences in composition of sponge species among those localities are described and discussed
ECOTYPIC VARIATION IN GROWTH AND SURVIVAL TEMPERATURE OF CLADOPHORA VAGABUNDA (CHLOROPHYCEAE) ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES
No full textThe effect of temperature on relative growth rates (RGR) and the ability to survive at stress temperatures have been investigated in isolates of the green algal species Cladophora vagabunda from Roscoff (Eastern Atlantic, temperate), Corsica (Mediterranean, subtropical), Western Australia (Indian Ocean, subtropical) and Curacao (Western Atlantic, tropical). Growth was observed between 1O°-35°C, except in the Roscoff isolate which grew between 10°-30°C and a temperature of 5°C was too low for growth in all isolates. Those indicate that all isolates were comparatively eurythermal. Variations in RGR were observed with a high maximum RGR in the W. Australian and Roscoff isolates with ca. 74% increase in length per day at 30°C, and a lower maximum RGR in the Corsican and Curacao isolates with ca. 30-50% increase in length per day at 20°-25°C. The broadest optimum range (between 15°-30°C) was shown by the Corsican isolate and the narrowest optimum range (between 25°-30°C) by the Curacao isolate. At a low stress temperature of 0°C, all isolates survived for at least 30 days without damage, after 30-50 days the Roscoff and Curacao isolates showed damage (cell bleaching) but they recovered at 20°C. The W. Australian and the Corsican isolates survived undamage for 60 days. At a high stress temperature of 35°C, the W. Australian and the Curacao isolates survived for 60 days, but the other two isolates died within 30 days. The different temperature responses of the isolates demonstrated the ability of Cladophora vagabunda to exist in varied temperature environments
BIOREMEDIATION STUDY: HYDROCARBON DEGRADING BACTERIA
No full textMany microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum components have been isolated and few of them seem to be important for petroleum biodegradation in natural environments. To identify the bacteria that play a major role in degradation of petroleum polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bacteria were enriched from seawater by using Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Trichlorodibenzofuran and Benzo[a]pyrene as a carbon and energy source. The result of study that members of the genus Alcanivorax and Thalassospira became predominant in the enrichment cultures. The strains isolated in this study could grow on crude oil and degraded PAH components of crude oil. The number of cells increased to 8.1x106 cells g-1 after 14 days in subculture. PAH degradation proceeded parallel with the growth of bacteria cells. This observation which has been conducted in Marine Biotechnology Institute, Kamaishi, Iwate-ken, Japan suggests that Alcanivorax and Thalassospira play an important role in the degradation of petroleum PAHs in marine environment