Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH)
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Path Analysis on the Determinants of Neonatal Asphyxia at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang
Get PDFBackground: Neonatal asphyxia is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality. Many factors may have caused neonatal mortality. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of neonatal asphyxia at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. The study was conducted at Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, East Java, in June 2016. A total of 53 newborn babies with asphyxia (cases) and 159 newborn babies without asphyxia (controls) were selected by fixed disease sampling for this study. There were three exogenous variables: prematurity, maternal age, and parity. The endogenous variables were birthweight and neonatal asphyxia. The data were collected by a checklist. The data were analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Low birthweight had positive direct effect on the risk of neonatal asphyxia (b=1.61; 95% CI= 0.86 to 2.37; p<0.001). Prematurity (b=0.93; 95% CI= 0.13 to 1.74; p<0.023), maternal ages <20 years or ≥35 years (b=0.97; 95%CI = 0.05 to 1.87; p<0.034), and parity primipara or ≥4 parity (b=1.00; 95% CI = 0.155 to 1.85; p<0.021), had positive indirect effects on the risk of neonatal asphyxia via low birthweight.Conclusion: Low birthweight had positive direct effect on the risk of neonatal asphyxia. Prematurity, maternal ages <20 years or ≥35 years, and parity primipara or ≥4 parity, had positive indirect effects on the risk of neonatal asphyxia via low birthweight.Keywords: neonatal asphyxia, low birth weight, prematurity, maternal age, parity.Correspondence: Dewy Indah Lestary. Academy of Midwifery Wijaya Kusuma, Malang, East Java. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 140-147https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.08
Path Analysis on Factors Associated with the Risk of Scabies Among Students at Darussalam Islamic Boarding School, Blokagung, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Scabies is an infectious disease that is particularly important in populations with low socioeconomic level in developing countries. Scabies is not life-threatening so usually get treatment is low. But actually the chronic and severe scabies can cause dangerous complications. This study aimed to analyze factors associated the students with scabies disease.Subjects and Methods: This was an observational analytical study with cross-sectional design. This was conducted at Darussalam Islamic Boarding School of Blokagung Banyuwangi, Indonesia in March 23 to April 30,2016. A total of 90 samples were amounted 30 students with scabies and 60 had not scabies. Data collection was using questionnaire. Data analysis used STATA 13.Results: Four variables associated with scabies was associated indirectly obtained between knowledge and myth was negative amounting to the value of -1.88 (p < 0.001) path coefficient between knowledge and healthy behaviors is positive that amounting to 1.68 with value (p = 0.016), the path coefficient between myth - 2:39 (p = 0.038), the path coefficient between allowance to health behaviors positive value that is equal to 2:00 (p = 0.026), the path coefficient between health behavior with scabies is negative in the amount - 3:43 (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The level of knowledge, myths, pocket money indirectly related to the incidence of scabies through healthy behaviors. It is expected to reduce disease scabies students can change the behavior of health to be good.Keywords: scabies, level of knowledge, myths, pocket moneyCorrespondence: Febrika Devi Nanda. Bakti Indonesia University, Banyuwangi. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(1): 18-26https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.01.03
Social Support on the Adherence to Treatment of Tuberculosis in Cilacap, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Country Indonesia liquid high-burden countries in the case of Tuberculosis resistant adenocarcinoma. One of the causes of MDR-TB was OAT drink irregularly. Many of the changes that occur in people with tuberculosis physical, psychological and social influence on irregularity OAT drink. The purpose of this research is to know the contribution of the social support against tuberculosis treatment regularity in Cilacap Regency.Subject and Method: This was a quantitative study with observational analytic design, carried out in twelve clinics and hospitals, inCilacap. A total of 128 samples were consisted of 42 groups and control group 86. The dependent variables was the regularity of the medication, and the independent variable were the intention, attitude, distance, self-efficacy, social support, education and knowledge. The Data collected using the questionnaire and medical record data and analyzed usingpath analysis.Results: There is a direct relationship between education with knowledge, education and knowledge, as well as attitudes toward intentions with the regularity of medical treatment. There is an indirect relationship between posture, distance, social support and self-efficacy with the OAT drink regularity through intention. A positive relationship between education with knowledge (b = 0.17; 95%CI = 0.02 to 0.13; p = 0.023). A positive relationship between education with attitude (b = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.29 to 2.16; p = 0.01). Positive relationship knowledge with attitude (b = 0.56; 95% CI =-1.47 to 0.35; p = 0.228). The relationship of positive attitude with the intention (b = 0.99; CI 95% = 0.05 to 1.94; p = 0.039). Negative relationship of distance with the intention (b =-0.59; 95% CI =-1.49 to 0.31; p = 0.202). Positive relationships support social (social support) and intention (b = 0.5; 95% CI =-0.22 to 1.89; p = 0123). A positive relationship with self-efficacy of intention (b = 1.04;95% CI =-0.16 to 2.26; p = 0.089). A positive relationship with the intention to ordertreatment of TB (b = 2.1; CI 95% = 1.24 to 2.97; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Education, knowledge, attitude, social support self-efficacy related to improve the regularity of treatment of TB through the intention to treat.Keywords:Attitude, Distance, Social Support, Self-Efficacy, Consistency of Treatment of TBCorrespondence: Lina Puspitasari. Midwifery Academic Graha Mandiri Cilacap. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health, 2016, 1(1): 58-65https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.01.07
Path Analysis on the Relationship Between Bio-psychosocial Factors During Gestational Period and Birthweight, Stimulation and Development in Children Aged 1-3 Years in Salatiga
Get PDFBackground: Bio-psychosocial condition during gestational period, such as maternal nutritional status, stress, education, and family income, may have significant impact on fetal growth and development. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between bio-psychosocial factors during gestational period and birthweight, and the relationship between stimulation and development in children aged 1-3 years.Subjectsand Method: This was an analytic and observational study with case control design. A sample of 120 children aged 1-3 years was selected by fixed disease sampling with case: control ratio= 1:2. The exogenous variables were gestational maternal education and current maternal education. The endogenous variables were gestational family income, gestational maternal stress, current family income, maternal nutritional status, birthweight, stimulation, and child development. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis on STATA 13.Results:Birthweight ≥ 2.500 gram(b= 0.96; 95%CI= –0.15-1.94; p=0.054) and stimulation (b= 0.43; 95% CI=– 0.30-0.89; p=0.067) had direct positive effect on child development. Gestational maternal education, family income, maternal stress, maternal nutritional status, had indirect effect on child development through birthweight.Maternal education and family income had indirect effect on child development through stimulation.Conclusion: Birthweight ≥ 2.500 gram and stimulation have direct positive effect on child development.Keywords: bio-psychosocial, gestational period, birthweight, stimulation, developmentCorrespondence: Vistra Veftisia. Faculty of Health Sciences, Ngudi Waluyo University, Ungaran, Central Java. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(3): 154-163https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.03.0
Multilevel Analysis on the Bio-psychosocial and Environment Factors Affecting the Risk of Pneumonia in Infants
Get PDFBackground: Pneumonia is an illness of the maincauses of pain and death in toddler in the world. The incidence of pneumonia in Indonesia has increased, from 2007 about 2.1% and in 2013 about2.7%. Pneumonia in toddler in Indonesia is an issue that is important to do the actions of prevention and control of pneumonia. This study was aimed to investigate the factors biopsychosocial to the risk of pneumonia in toddlers.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with case control design, carried out on 2 August to 16 September 2016. A total of 140 subjects in Banjarnegara, Central Java, were selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent was pneumonia in infants. The independent variables were exposure to CO, H2S, family income, maternal education, household smoke exposure, sanitary home, chain-smoking family activity, anxiety. The data was collected by using a questionnaire, check list and recording and analyzed by using Logistic regression.Results: There was influence of exposure of CO (OR= 1.46; 95% CI= 0.17 to 21; p= 0.970), H2S (OR= 0.53; 95% CI= 0.98 to 2.92; p= 0.412), family income (OR= 1.90; 95% CI= 0.78 to 4.65; p= 0.365), maternal education (OR= 1.75; 95% CI= 0.72 to 4.25; p= 0.474), household smoke exposure (OR= 5.63; 95% CI= 2.27 to 13.95; p= 0.001), home sanitation (OR= 6.23; 95% CI= 2.61 to 14.84; p=0.001), smoking activity (OR= 3.19; 95% CI= 1.33 to 7.66; p= 0.020) and the incidence of pneumonia toddlers. There was the influence of anxiety to pneumonia in toddler (OR= 16; 96% CI= 6.87 to 37.75; p< 0.001). There was the influence of contextual conditions to pneumonia in toddler (ICC = 36.97%; role of thumb 5 to 8% likelihood ratio p= 0.008; 95% CI= 0.45 to 8.17).Conclusion: There is the influence of exposure to CO, H2S, family income, maternal education, household smoke exposure, home sanitation, smoking activity. There is the influence of anxiety of pneumonia in toddler. The condition has influence contextual variations toddler pneumonia incident, so it is noteworthy.Keywords: bio-psychosocial, environmental factor, pneumonia toddlersCorrespondence: Astri Yunita. Masters Program in Public Health, SebelasMaret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285641797995Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(1): 1-10https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.01.01
Association Between Participation in HIV/ AIDS Peer Group, Stigma, Discrimination, and Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/ AIDS
Get PDFBackground: The quality of life of people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLH) is of public health concern and calls for attention. The quality of life of PLH may be affected by stigma and discrimination. Peer group of PLHs may have an important role in improving the quality of life of PLHs. This study aimed to investigate the association between participation in HIV/ AIDS peer group, stigma, discrimination, and quality of life of PLHs.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted in Tulungagung, East Java, from November, 2016 to January, 2017. A total of 65 PLHs participating in HIV/ AIDS peer group and 35 PLHs not participating in HIV/ AIDS peer group were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life of PLHs. The independent variables were participation in HIV/ AIDS peer group, stigma, and discrimination. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Participation in HIV/ AIDS peer group (b=0.27; p=<0.001), social support (b=0.43; p=<0.001), and family support (b=0.18 p=0.021), had positive associations with a decrease in stigma and discrimination towards PLHs. Higher income (b=0.33; p=0.026), higher education level (b=0.21; p=<0.001), less stigma and discrimination (b=0.33; p=<0.001), had positive associations with quality of life of PLHs. Core self evalution showed positive association with quality of life of PLHs (b=0.31; p=<0.001).Conclusion: Participation in HIV/ AIDS peer group, social support, and family support, are positively associated with a decrease in stigma and discrimination towards PLHs. Higher income, higher education, less stigma and discrimination, are positively associated with quality of life of PLHs. Core self evalution is positively associated with quality of life of PLHs.Keywords: HIV/ AIDS peer group, stigma, discrimination, social support, family support, quality of lifeCorrespondence: Mia Ashari Kurniasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 0851216175293.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 125-132https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.0
Geographical Satellite and Survey Data for Prediction of Dengue Cases in Sukoharjo, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Dengue fever is a disease based on environment and still a health problem. Problems related to the dengue fever vector distribution factor in terms of the spread of vector space with the use of geographic data and survey data in order to predict the incidence of dengue in the region.Subjects and Methods: This study used analytic observational with cross sectional approach using modeling Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The sampling technique in this research is saturated sampling of secondary data Sukoharjo District Health Profile in 2011-2014, population data and data Geographic, then all the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results: There is a positive relationship between the area per Km2 with the number of new cases of dengue fever, although the relationship was not statistically significant. (B = <0:01; CI -0.01 - 0:02; p = 0.310). There is a positive relationship between population density per soul / Km2dengan number of new cases of dengue fever, a significant relationship between population density with DHF cases. (B = <0:01; CI <0:01 to 0:01; p = 0.013). There is a negative relationship between topography per masl by the number of new cases of dengue fever, although the relationship was not statistically significant. (B = <0:01; CI -0.02 - 0:01; p = 0.335). There is a positive correlation between rainfall per mm / yr with the number of new cases of dengue fever, although the relationship was not statistically significant. (B = <0:01; CI <0:01 to 0:01; p = 0101). There is a positive relationship between river flow per ha by the number of new cases of dengue fever, although the relationship was not statistically significant. (B = 0:02; CI -0.01 - 0:03; p = 0318). There is a negative correlation between% Non Flick figure by the number of new cases of dengue fever, although the relationship was not statistically significant. (B = <0:01; CI -0.02 - 0:01; p = 0764).Conclusions: The increase in land area, population density, rainfall, river flow is predicted to affect the increase in dengue cases, whereas the increase ABJ predicted topography and affecting the decline of dengue cases in the district of Sukoharjo in 2011-2014.Keywords: geographical data and survey data, prediction of dengue casesCorrespondence
Factor Analysis with Health Belief Model on the Adherence to Methadone Maintenance Therapy
Get PDFBackground: Methadone maintenance therapy is one of substitution therapy is needed as a harm reduction approach of transmission of HIV / AIDS through injecting drugs. To achieve the success of the therapy, therapy adherence is very important. This study was aimed todetermine the factors affecting adherence methadone maintenance therapy using the approach of the Health Belief Model in clinical methadone maintenance therapyprograms.Subject and Methods: This was an analytical observation study with qualitative method, conducted in a community health center PTRMManahan Surakarta. A total ofsample was selected with snowball. Thedata collected by using in-depth interviews, observation and document. The validityincluded triangulation of sources, methods, theory and research. The data analysis was using analytical models mating patterns, reduction, data presentation and analysis of data that form a pattern that can reveal the Health Believe Model or HBM linkage with therapy adherence.Results: The results showed the factors of patients using the drug include family background, social environment, and knowledge. Factors underlying patients adhere to therapy, among others, those included in the high risk group of HIV / AIDS; the seriousness of the disease of HIV / AIDS; improved quality of life, side effects of methadone are more severe than injecting drug use; family and NGOs as a driving force to follow programswhich is an instrument of HBM. Programs patient factors for non-compliant in following methadone maintenance therapy include patients still using drugs, objected to the levy on programs, and saturated with duration of therapy.Conclusion: Methadone maintenance therapy adherence factors include the perception of vulnerability, perceived seriousness, benefits, barriers and trigger actions. Areas of compliance include methadone maintenance therapy patients were still using drugs, objected to the levy on programs, and saturated with duration of therapy.Keywords: injecting drug users, HIV / AIDS, reduction, HBM, compliance therapy, methadone maintenance therapyCorrrespondence: Seindy Arya Kusuma Timoer. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, SurakartaJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(1): 49-57https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.01.06
Analysis of Inputs in the Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening with Voluntary Counselling and Testing Program for Female Prisoners at Class II A Jail, in Malang
Get PDFBackground: The increasing incidences of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) and Human Immonodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are becoming serious public health concerns in Indonesia and other countries. These issues are of concern that call for close attention not only for general public but also for male and female prisoners. As studies have shown the prevalences of HIV and syphilis were 1.1% and 5.1% in male prisoners, respectively, 6% and 8.5% in female prisoners. For those reasons, at some jails Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) have been provided for HIV/AIDS control and prevention. The success of the screening program with VCT would depend on the provision of supplies, equipment, infrastructure, health personnel, and fund. This study aimed to analyze the adequacy of various inputs in the STI screening program with VCT for prisoners at the Class II A female jail, in Malang, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with evaluation approach. This study was conducted at the Class II A female jail, in Malang, East Java. The study applied CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. Key informants for this study included health personnels at the Class II A female jail clinics, in Malang, East Java, the STI mobile health care team from Arjuno Community Health Center Malang, and female prisoners, who were known as Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan (WBP)Results: Average monthly visits at the VCT clinic were 21 female prisoners, which amounted to only a few of the total number of female prisoners. The health care team involved in the STI screening with VCT program, included skilled health personnel from the jail and the mobile STI team from Arjuno Community Health Center, Malang. The sources of fund for these programs came from the international as well as domestic funding agencies. The international funding came from the Global Fund. The domestic funding came from the Ministry of Law and Human Civil Rights, and the Municipality Health Office Malang, which provided reagents and medicine. Supplies, equipments, and infrastructure, were provided by Arjuno Community Health Center Malang and the Class II A female jail clinics, in Malang. The laboratory was provided by the health center. The reagents were sufficiently provided by the municipality health office, although there was a supply delay in February 2016.Conclusion: Inputs of the STI screening with VCT program at the Class II A female jail clinics, in Malang, East Java, which included supplies, equipment, infrastructure, health personnel, and funding, are sufficiently provided. Keywords: analysis, input, screening, STI, VCTCorrespondence: Rosyidah Alfitri. Diploma III School of Midwifery, Dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Malang. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(2): 118-124https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.02.05
The Relationship BetweenHIV Incidence Rate, District/ Municipality Health Budget, Healthy House Rate, and Tuberculosis Prevalence in Indonesia
Get PDFBackground:Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health concern in the world including Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between HIV incidence rate, district/ municipality health budget, healthy house rate, and tuberculosis prevalence in Indonesia. Subjects and Method:This was an analytic and observational study with ecologic study design. The data were obtained from 33 provinces, 497 districts/ municipalitiesthat were collected by Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar, Riskesdas)2013. The dependent variable was TB prevalence. The independent variables were HIV incidence rate, district/ municipality health budget, and healthy house rate. TB diagnosis was made by health personnel using sputum examination, chest X-ray photo, or both. The data were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results:District/ municipality budget (b=-14.07;95% CI=-24.09to -4.05, p=0.080), and healthy house rate (b=-3.62; 95%CI=-6.28 to-0.96; p=0.009) decreased TB prevalence. HIV incidence rate (b=0.05,95% CI=0.02 to 0.08, p=0.002) increased TB prevalence. R2 was 56.5 % for this linear regression model, and the overall model was statistically significant (p=0.001).Conclusion:District/ municipality budget, healthy house rate, and HIV incidence rate are related with TB prevalence.Keywords:district/ municipality budget, healthy house rate, HIV incidence rate, TB prevalenceCorrespondence: Balgis. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, SurakartaJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(3): 164-174https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.03.03