Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH)
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Meta-Analysis the Effect of Asthma Comorbidity on the Mortality of COVID-19 Patients
Get PDFBackground: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that spread throughout the world in December 2019. The risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients depend on comorbid diseases. Most of the comorbid diseases associated with COVID-19 deaths consist of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and asthma. This study aims to analyze the effect of comorbid asthma on mortality in COVID-19 patients.Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2020-2021 using databases from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Based on the database, there were 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis was carried out using the RevMan 5.3 software.Results: The 15 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that comorbid asthma increased the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients and was statistically significant (aOR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.36; p = 0.030).Conclusion: Asthma comorbidities increase the mortality of COVID-19 patients.Keywords: Asthma, mortality, COVID-19, SARS-CoV 2Correspondence
A Comparative Analysis Of COVID-19 Mortality Rate Across the Globe: An Extensive Analysis of the Associated Factors
Get PDFBackground: The vast variation in COVID 19 mortality across the globe draws attention to potential risk factors other than the patient characteristics that determine COVID-19 mortality, this study aimed to analyze and apply evidence-based explanation for the impact offactors associated with COVID-19-related mortality.Subjects dan Method: This was a cross sectional study of global database for wide set of factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, ranging from disease related co-morbidities, socioeconomic factors, healthcare capacity and government policy and interventions. Data for population, total cases, total COVID mortality, tests done, and GDP per capita were extracted from the world
The Effect of Non-Compliance with Medication on Multidrug Resistant of Tuberculosis
Get PDFBackground: Multidrug Resistant Tuberc
Meta-Analysis the Effect of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on the Successful Smoking Cessation
Get PDFBackground: About 23% of the world's population smokes, which includes 32% of men with the highest prevalence coming from Indonesia and 7% are women. East Asia and Southeast Asia have the highest smoking prevalence in the world at around 45%, while in Indonesia, the problem of smoking is a serious threat due to the increasing prevalence of smoking at 18 years of age from 7.2% to 9.1%. This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the effect of using NRT on the success of smoking cessation based on a number of previous similar studies.
Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis carried out by following the PRISMA flow diagram. The process of searching for articles through a journal database which includes: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct by selecting articles published in 2011-2020. Keywords used include: "nicotine replacement therapy" AND "smoker" OR "smoking" AND "smoking cessation". The inclusion criteria were a full paper article with an observational study design, English and Indonesian, and analyzed using multivariate analysis with adjusted odds ratio. Articles that meet the requirements were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application. Results: Nine articles were reviewed in this study with a cohort study design. A meta-analysis of nine cohort studies showed that use of nicotine replacement therapy was 1.42-fold increased smoking cessation success compared to placebo (aOR 1.42; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.76; p <0.002).
Conclusion: Nicotine replacement therapy improves smoking cessation success
The Use of Insecticide Mosquito Nets and Insecticide Spraying on the Risk of Malaria in Children: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by Plasmodium infection and there are more than 30 species of Anopheles which are important vectors of malaria. The main interventions recommended for controlling malaria vectors are the use of insecticide mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying. This study aims to estimate the effect of using insecticide mosquito nets and spraying insecticides on the risk of malaria in children.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flow diagram guidelines. Article searches were carried out in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and SpringerLink databases with the keyword
Mortality and Severity of COVID-19 Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: COVID-19 has become a pandemic in all countries including Indonesia. The death rate from COVID-19 is concentrated in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. COPD is one of the comorbidities that can worsen and even cause death. COPD ranks in the top 3 leading causes of death in the world causing 2.3 million deaths in 2019. This study aims to analyze the effect of COPD comorbidities on mortality and severity of COVID-19 patients.Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis by following the PRISMA flow chart. Search articles through journal databases, namely: Google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Link Springer. The articles search was done by considering the eligibility criteria defined in the PICO model. P= COVID-19 patient; I= COPD participant; C= without COPD; O= need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and death. Inclusion criteria were cohort full paper articles, in English, multivariate analysis with adjusted Odds Ratio. Articles analyzed with RevMan 5.3.Results: The 13 cohort study designs reviewed with a meta-analysis to estimate the risk of death showed that comorbid COPD increased the risk of death (aOR= 1.33; 95% CI= 1.08 to 1.64; p= 0.007). 9 cohort study designs were reviewed with a meta-analysis to estimate the risk of severity with indicators of mechanical ventilation need (aOR= 1.38; 95% CI= 1.05 to 1.82; p= 0.020). 7 cohort study designs were reviewed by meta-analysis to estimate the risk of severity with indicators of risk of ICU admission (aOR= 1.25; 95% CI= 1.04 to 1.50; p= 0.020).Conclusion: COPD comorbidities increase the risk of need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission and death among COVID-19 patients.Keywords: COVID-19, COPD, death, severityCorrespondence
Risk Factors of Asthma among Adolescent and Adults: A Systematic Review Study and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Asthma is a global public health problem that affects the quality of life of patients and is associated with the number of deaths each year. Factors such as genetics, environment and behavior are believed to have a significant relationship to the development of asthma. This study aimed to identify risk factors for asthma in adolescents and adults.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis with a search for articles published by the online database PubMed in 2016 to 2021. The dependent variable was asthma. The independent variables were several risk factors that influence diseases such as smoking, age, and others. Data were analyzed using RevMan software version 5.3.Results: A subgroup analysis was conducted from 4 articles which stated that cardiovascular related There were a total of 12 articles analyzed in this study. Subjects who had allergic rhinitis (OR= 3.80; 95% CI= 1.65 to 8.77; p= 0.001) had a greater risk of developing asthma than those who did not. This also applies to subjects who smoke (OR= 1.53; 95% CI= 1.32 to 1.78; p= 0.001), live in urban areas (OR= 1.46; 95% CI= 1.13 to 1.89; p= 0.03), are female. (OR= 1.19; 95% CI= 0.91 to 1.55; p= 0.001).Conclusion: Asthma is more susceptible to people who have allergic rhinitis, smoke, live in urban areas, are female.Keywords: asthma, prevalence, risk factors.Correspondence
Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resiliency among College Students
Get PDFBackground: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with negative outcomes, however, there are factors that can mitigate the effects from exposure to ACEs. This study examined the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), characteristics of resilient individuals and the association between ACE scores, resiliency and other factors among college students.
Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional survey was completed in 2018. Frequencies were calculated for the number and types of ACE experienced by participants. Bivariate relationships between characteristics of participants and resilience were examined using Chi-square tests. The independent relationship between ACE scores and resiliency factors was examined using ordinal logistic regression. The dependent variable was ACE score. An ordinal logistic regression model examined the relationship between conventional ACE scores and resilience levels and other factors.
Results: There were 570 study participants. Seventy-one percent of study participants had experienced at least one conventional ACE, and 98% had experienced at least one expanded ACE. Individuals with high resilience had lower conventional ACE scores and better health. Females (OR= 1.67; 95% CI= 1.14 to 2.45) were more likely to have higher conventional ACE scores. Participants living in suburban areas compared to rural areas (OR= 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.85), and children raised with both parents compared to single parents (OR= 0.17; 95% CI= 0.12 to 0.25) were less likely to have higher conventional ACE scores. Gender (OR= 0.54; 95% CI= 0.35 to 0.82) and general health status (OR= 1.50; 95% CI= 1.05 to 2.13) were the only significant predictors of the expanded ACE scores.
Conclusion: Findings identify important resilient traits such as relationships, self-control, internal beliefs, and initiative,. as well asportray the high prevalence ofACEs and the importance of resilience as a protective factor in reducing ACEs
Meta-Analysis the Effectiveness of McKenzie Exercise to Reduce Pain in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Get PDFBackground: Low back pain (LBP) is defined as a symptom that cannot be specifically validated. LBP is one of the most common forms of musculoskeletal disorders. Anyone can experience lower back pain throughout his life, because LBP is back pain without any underlying abnormalities. There are many exercises that can be given to treat this LBP, one of which is the McKenzie Exercise. The principle of this exercise is to improve posture to reduce lumbar hyperlordosis. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the McKenzie Exercise for pain reduction in patients with non-specific LBP.
Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis carried out with the PRISM flow diagram. Search for articles through journal databases includes: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Schoolar and PEDro by selecting articles published in 2010-2020. The keywords used were ("LBP" OR "Low Back Pain") AND ("McKenzie Exercise" OR "Therapy") AND "randomized controlled trial". The inclusion criteria were full paper articles with the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), the size of the relationship used with the Mean SD, the intervention given was McKenzie Exercise, the study subjects had an age range of 18-65 years, and experienced non-specific low back pain, without radicular pain. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3.
Results: A meta-analysis of 11 articles showed that the McKenzie Exercise was able to reduce pain in patients with non-specific low back pain by 0.44 times compared to other interventions or no intervention. (SMD -0.44; 95% CI = -1.06 to 0.18; p = 0.16).Conclusion: McKenzie Exercise has a weak effect to reduce pain in patients with non-specific low back pain
Meta Analysis: Effect of Mammography Screening on Breast Cancer Mortality
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is the most common cancer experienced by women in developing and developed countries. One of the early detection of breast cancer is mamm