Emerging Science Journal (ESJ)
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Neural Networks in Optimizing the Performance of the Elliptical-Plasmonic Sensor
Get PDFIn this work, we report the capability of a PCF-SPR sensor with an elliptical core, which has high sensitivity, and it is explained using a machine learning approach. The sensor component consists of fused silica as the background material, TiO2 as the adhesive material between the dielectric material and the plasmonic material, and Au was chosen as plasmonic material with optimal thicknesses of 35 nm for TiO2and 45 nm for Au. Numerical results show that the sensor component has a high sensitivity of 24,000 nm/RIU for four modes that have consistent shifts, including x-polarized, x-odd, y-polarized, and y-odd. Meanwhile, AS maximums were found of -91.82 1/RIU for x-polarized, -91.88 1/RIU for y-polarized, -90.98 1/RIU for x-odd, and -89.276 1/RIU for y-odd respectively, on the refractive index of the analyte of 1,365 RIU. The ML algorithm was used to optimize the sensor parameters, and it was found that the algorithm had a very low MSE of 0.00083; this result is better than the previous report work. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-05-07 Full Text: PD
Legal Mechanism for Regulating the Labor of Healthcare Workers
Get PDFObjective: This article aims to develop a mechanism for the legal regulation of the labor of healthcare workers in Kazakhstan based on comprehensive scientific issues analysis of ensuring the effectiveness of the legal regulation of employment relations, including by studying foreign experience in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Methods: Medical and pharmaceutical workers' work regulations were analyzed to identify problems associated with personnel imbalance in Kazakhstan's healthcare industry. The qualitative content analysis and the dialectical method of cognition formed the methodological basis of the study. Regulatory legal acts governing the issues of healthcare workers' labor systems were units of analysis. Findings: The authors discovered certain flaws of legislative acts and their implementation about healthcare workers' work. Improvement methods are proposed. Novelty:Theoretical novelty is represented by a topical approach of comprehensive analysis of the national labor legislation. Practical novelty includes proposals for the current employment legislation of Kazakhstan (unified regulation of working hours, unified regulation of employment contracts, upgrading remuneration system), including a new law draft, "Status of Medical and Pharmaceutical Workers”. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-04-014 Full Text: PD
Financial Development Strategies of Countries: Identifying Priority Financial Instruments
Get PDFThe effectiveness of financial development strategies for countries depends on the methodology used for their formation and implementation. However, a review of the literature reveals that the methodology for implementing these strategies is not fully developed. Therefore, this study aimed to create a methodology for implementing financial development strategies by identifying priority financial instruments. The study utilized rule-based judgment, iterative methods, and the "GAP" method. As a result, the "5S+" concept was developed”an expanded version of the "5S" concept. The novelty of the "5S+" concept lies in its inclusion of financial instruments, as well as the rules and methods for determining priority financial instruments. This is the first time such a modification of the "5S" concept is proposed. The "5S+" concept was tested using data from the UK for 2007-2022. The test results allowed us to determine the UK's strategic financial development goals for 2023-2025 and identify priority financial instruments necessary to achieve these goals across the board. The expanded "5S" concept is highly representative, objective, and broadly applicable. It enhances the existing methodology for strategic financial development management and introduces new opportunities for improving the quality of strategic policy documents. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-06-06 Full Text: PD
Prioritizing Critical Success Factors for Reverse Logistics as a Source of Competitive Advantage
Get PDFReverse logistics has received a lot of attention due to the negative impact it has on the environment and the growing demand for green products. This especially occurred in the fast-moving consumer goods retail sector due to recalls and waste management. This sector significantly contributes to the gross domestic product growth of all countries. This has therefore led to the growing significance of reverse logistics since the fast-moving consumer goods retail sector cannot avoid reverse logistics. The primary objective of this study was for fast-moving consumer goods retailers to prioritize critical success factors for reverse logistics as a source of competitive advantage in the fast-moving consumer goods retailers' sector. This is because it is essential for the fast-moving consumer goods retail sector to implement critical success factors in reverse logistics that can lead to firm competitiveness. The study employed a positivist research philosophy, where data were collected from 418 fast-moving consumer goods retailers and consumers via SurveyMonkey using two close-ended questionnaires. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and the Analysis of Moment Structures software version 27 were employed to analyze the data. The results offer insight into the critical success factors in reverse logistics that should be carried out to achieve firm competitiveness. Through the implementation of critical success factors, this sector will achieve several goals, such as meeting environmental protocols, decreasing operational costs, cultivating the cumulative value of the brand, and improving customer satisfaction. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-018 Full Text: PD
A Digital Service for Citizens: Multi-Parameter Optimization Model for Cost-Benefit Analysis of Cybercrime and Cyberdefense
Get PDFObjectives: This study discusses work performed within the context of the SAINT R&D project concerning the correlation of the prices of cybercrime services with the costs of investing in cyber security technologies. The main goal is to investigate how various financial and business-related cybercrime parameters relate to cybersecurity costs. In this context, the paper also examines the involved stakeholders and how they interact with each other. Methods/Analysis: Given the above considerations, from a theoretical standpoint, it is to describe a generic model for pricing illicit cybercrime products and services. This model, namely the Capacity Value Based Pricing (CVBP) model, has been proposed in the context of pricing "normal” products and services. Our study adapts this model suitably to apply the pricing modeling of illicit cybercrime products and services. Findings: The findings elucidate the professionalization of cybercrime, the significance of the emerging market for illicit services, and the pressing need for advanced AI methods to process qualitative data into quantitative insights. Novelty/Improvement:This paper contributes to establishing theoretical and econometric models vital for stakeholders navigating the financial terrain of the cybercrime economy. Future research should refine the methodologies presented and enhance data reliability for such critical analyses. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-04-06 Full Text: PD
Common Techniques, Success Attack Factors and Obstacles to Social Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFKnowledge of Social Engineering is crucial to prevent potential attacks related to organizational Information Security. The objective of this paper aims to identify the most common social engineering techniques, success attack factors, and obstacles, as well as the good practices and frameworks that could be adopted concerning their mitigation. As an analysis methodology, a Systematic Literature Review was carried out. The findings revealed that the discussion about SE attacks has increased and that the most imminent threat is phishing. Exploiting human vulnerabilities is a growing threat when the attack is not carried out directly through technical means. There continue to be more technical attacks than non-technical attacks. Encouraging organizational security prevention, like training, education, technical controls, process development, defense in detail, and the development of security policies, should be considered mitigating factors for the negative impact of SE attacks. Most SE frameworks/models are focused on attack techniques and methods, mostly on technical components, decorating human factor. As a novelty, we found the opportunity to develop a new framework that could improve coverage of the gaps found, supported on security international standards, that could help and support researchers in developing their work, understanding open research topics, and providing a clearer understanding of this type of threat. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-025 Full Text: PD
Digital Transformation of EU Customs: eCommerce VAT Legislation and a Proposed Customs Clearance Application
Get PDFIn the digital world, borders between countries are fading, and many people keep making more and more online purchases, often from offshore vendors. Cross-border e-commerce is a game-changer for international trade but poses serious challenges for traditional customs procedures. As the number of parcels continues to grow rapidly, customs authorities around the world strive to balance between effective revenue collection, trade facilitation, and proper safety controls. At the EU level, significant revenue losses and competition distortion have led to changes in VAT rules with a key policy objective to fight tax fraud in e-commerce and reduce the administrative burden of VAT collection. The VAT e-commerce package that came into force on July 1, 2021, includes measures on imports of low-value goods from third countries. The adopted solution imposes liability on digital platforms that play a crucial role in the rise of B2C internet sales. This article provides an overview of e-commerce global trends and challenges, international organizations' initiatives, emerging technology pilots, as well as best practices. It also offers a critical description of the new EU VAT provisions that have a severe effect on customs. Moreover, it describes the design, functional, and interoperability specifications of a proposed web-based application that enables buyers to lodge customs declarations themselves, aiming for improved transparency on import-related charges and more effective e-government at a more general level through the digital transformation of customs clearance. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-024 Full Text: PD
Exploring Influencing Factors on Capital Adequacy in Commercial Banks
Get PDFThis study estimates the effect of macroeconomic and control factors on the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks in Vietnam. Using the feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS), the following factors are statistically significant in affecting the capital adequacy ratio: national governance quality, economic growth, COVID-19, bank size, liquidity, and leverage. This study also highlights the role of compliance in maintaining capital adequacy during a global crisis, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, because commercial banks need more capital to absorb shocks in the financial instability period caused by the pandemic. Besides, the author emphasizes that in developing countries, especially Vietnam, the government needs to ensure national governance quality, such as political stability and regulatory quality, to increase additional capital buffers to protect them from losses or bankruptcies. Furthermore, the author conducts robustness tests to enhance the reliability and impartiality of the research findings. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-010 Full Text: PD
Monitoring Agricultural Land Loss by Analyzing Changes in Land Use and Land Cover
Get PDFThe agricultural sector's output holds paramount significance for the global population, serving as an indispensable resource for survival and consumption. Consequently, alterations in agricultural landscapes bear substantial implications for the world's food supply. The objectives of this research are to investigate the depletion of agricultural land, with a specific focus on Samut Songkhram Province”an agriculturally prominent region in Thailand renowned for supplying seafood and fruits to Bangkok. By employing advanced remote sensing and change detection methods and incorporating indices like NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI, the study meticulously analyzed land-use changes. The outcomes were rigorously scrutinized through supervised classification, validated by on-site inspections, and corroborated with data from pertinent agencies. Findings revealed that Samut Songkhram had sustained its prominence in agricultural land, constituting around 70% of the province's total area over the past two decades. However, this expanse has undergone persistent transformation during the last 20 years. Notably, the most substantial surge was observed in the conversion of agricultural land to urban and developed areas, particularly in the urban zones of Amphawa District, followed by Mueang Samut Songkhram and Bang Khonthi districts. This investigation illuminates a consistent downward trend in agricultural land, a vital source of sustenance for Thailand's population and the global community. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-020 Full Text: PD
Early Career Project Managers: Well-being and Life Satisfaction Analysis
Get PDFThe essentials of the presented paper are the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of early-career project managers (maximum 18 months of experience in project management). The primary goal is to determine whether there is a relationship between the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of early-career project managers, and if relationships exist between these variables, to determine their strength. In the theoretical part of the paper, processed using the analysis of relevant information sources, we deal with the concepts of well-being and life satisfaction. As part of the research description, we define an early carrier project manager and describe a sample of respondents consisting of 88 early carrier project managers. To analyze the well-being and life satisfaction variables, we use the Psychological Well-Being Scale questionnaire and the Life Satisfaction Scale questionnaire, where the results of these questionnaires are subsequently subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. We found that there is a moderately strong and statistically significant relationship between the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of early-career project managers. The results of the research can serve as a basis for developing suitable adaptation programs for early carrier project managers, where HR professionals can devote their attention to improving the well-being of early carrier project managers and their life satisfaction and thus reduce the risk of burnout syndrome, which is a very common phenomenon not only among early carrier professions but also project managers. The issue of well-being appears to be relatively well researched and described, even in the context of project managers. However, the life satisfaction of project managers has not been analyzed in such detail, and it is no longer possible to find the issue of investigating the mutual correlation of well-being and life satisfaction of early-career project managers. It is our research that can narrow this gap in the theories of project management, human resource management, and work psychology. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-06 Full Text: PD