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Oral Microbiome and Its Role in Oral Lichen Planus Development: A Literature Review
Full text linkThis article aims to explore the oral microbiome, the implications of its dysbiosis and its role in the development of oral lichen planus (OLP) and systemic diseases. This underscores the necessity for additional research to elucidate the connections between oral microorganisms and the pathology of OLP. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of these intricate interactions may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies and improved disease management. An electronic search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus, complemented by a manual review of the reference lists of the identified articles for full-text evaluation. Initially, titles and abstracts were assessed, followed by a comprehensive review of pertinent articles for potential inclusion. The human body hosts a diverse array of microorganisms that can influence both health and illness. Recent progress in genomic technologies, including next-generation sequencing, has significantly improved our comprehension of these microbial communities and their impact on human health. Importantly, cancer, currently the second leading cause of death worldwide, has been associated with specific oral pathogens. Certain bacterial species, such as Helicobacter pylori and various oral periopathogens, have been linked to the development of cancers, especially in the gastrointestinal system. Elevated levels of bacterial populations, including C. sputigena, E. corrodens, L. crispatus, M. curtisii, N. mucosa, P. bivia, P. intermedia, S. agalactiae and S. haemolyticus, have been identified in the lesions associated with oral lichen planus. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that individuals with oral lichen planus demonstrated increased infection rates of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola when compared to those without oral lichen planus. Oral lichen planus, a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the oral mucosa, is marked by T cell-mediated immune responses and is frequently correlated with microbial dysbiosis. OLP is classified as a precancerous condition, underscoring the importance of monitoring and investigating its microbial influences
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Tourism and Hospitality in Georgia
Full text linkDigital technology is the trend nowadays, and it is almost impossible for companies to be competitive in the market without using digital technologies. In recent years, the tourism and hospitality sector has gained immense popularity. The digital products market has appeared with applications that help the hospitality sector be more flexible and effective. Nowadays, many applications and software are created to help business owners control their businesses and satisfy their customers. With the help of Artificial Intelligence software and applications, the business management process is more complex and flexible and allows hotels to be more customer-oriented. Digital travelers themselves are actively using digital applications while traveling. They are searching to download apps that will help them make the reservation process more flexible and more oriented to their wants and needs. The article aims to study the current situation, challenges, and trends of using digital technologies in the hospitality sector of Georgia, to study current applications and software programs, to find and study Georgian tourism and hospitality market representatives, and to interview them. The article highlights the problems and needs that businesses are facing. A qualitative research method was used to study applications and software enterprises use, and a quantitative research method was used to study how digital transformation has affected their businesses. As a result, the research showed that in Georgia, in addition to international tools, local digital products are created and widely used
Radionuclide diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum: A case report
Full text linkIntroduction: Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital anomaly of the small intestine that results from the incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct (omphalomesenteric duct). The most common symptom leading a patient to the emergency department is painless gastrointestinal bleeding. The most sensitive diagnostic test is the Meckel radionuclide scan using 99mTc-pertechnetate, commonly known as the Meckel scan. This case report presents an 18-year-old patient who came into the emergency department with gastrointestinal bleeding and was diagnosed with Meckel's diverticulum using Meckel scan. Methodology and Discussion: An 18-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with hematochezia, several days of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. After clinical assessment and objective examination, several tests were conducted, all of which returned normal results. The clinical suspicion pointed towards Meckel's diverticulum. The diagnosis was confirmed with a simple examination: scintigraphy, a nuclear imaging method in which technetium-99m is injected and absorbed by the mucous-producing cells of the ectopic gastric mucosa. The patient underwent laparotomy and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum. Conclusion: Scintigraphy is the appropriate diagnostic modality in cases of unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding when Meckel's diverticulum is suspected. This radionuclide scan has very high specificity and sensitivity when performed according to protocol. Additionally, it is a low-cost examination with lower radiation exposure compared to other imaging modalities
Prediction of Hernia Formation or Cracking of Boiler Water Tubes due to Corrosion
Full text linkThis work is part of the preventive maintenance of steam power plant equipment and installations. In boiler water pipes, hernia formation, cracking and perforation are recurrent and occur when the thermal power plant is operating at full capacity. This damage is largely due to corrosion and thinning of the tube wall. When corrosion progresses, the thinning of the tubes progresses simultaneously. From a certain value of the wall thickness, under the effect of water/steam pressure, the tubes deform and burst. In such a situation, it is important to predict approximately when these damages will occur, so that appropriate maintenance measures can be undertaken. For this, we seek to determine the corrosion rate and stresses in the tubes due to water/steam pressure, with a view to finding the maximum time limit not to exceed when replacing the tubes. Among the various methods for determining corrosion rate, it is the method based on weight measurement that has attracted our attention. Tube coupons were taken from a corroded boiler tube and from a new tube of the same characteristics, thus avoiding a study over a very long period, since corrosion takes several years to produce its mechanical effects. Knowing the difference in weight between a coupon of the new tube and that of the corroded tube, and the time of exposure of the tubes until damage, it became easy to determine the corrosion rate. From the corrosion rate and the calculation of stresses in the corroded tube, the maximum time limit to be exceeded for replacing tubes was determined, that is a maximum operating period of 10 years. The tubes must be replaced, in preventive maintenance, before the end of this time limit to prevent the aforementioned damage
Enhancing Portal System Resilience with a Modified Lion Optimization Algorithm (MLOA) for Cyber Threat Detection
Full text linkThis research presents a novel cyber threat detection framework that integrates the Modified Lion Optimization Algorithm (MLOA) with a one-class classification approach to improve the resilience of portal systems against denial-of-service attacks, Man-in-the-Middle attacks, and data breaches. The proposed model enhances anomaly detection by optimizing decision boundaries in high-dimensional datasets, leveraging adaptive threshold tuning, dynamic feature selection, and real-time monitoring. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the MLOA-based detection model significantly outperforms traditional clustering-based methods across varying levels of attack complexity. It achieves a recall of 0.97, accuracy of 0.98, precision of 0.96, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) score of 0.97 for simple anomalies, while maintaining strong performance for moderate and complex anomalies, with recall values of 0.92 and 0.90 and ROC-AUC scores of 0.94 and 0.92. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting zero-day attacks and evolving cybersecurity threats, offering a scalable, high-performance anomaly detection solution for modern portal systems. This study further establishes the practical application of nature-inspired optimization algorithms in cybersecurity, reinforcing the importance of AI-driven threat detection in protecting digital infrastructure
Evaluation de la pollution en éléments traces métalliques du sol sur Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) et Basilic (Ocimum basilicum L.) au Centre de Recherches Géologique et Minière de Niamey au Niger, en Afrique de l’Ouest
Full text linkA Niamey, les industries sont des véritables sources d’émission des polluants nuisibles à l’homme et à son environnement. Force est de constaté nombreuses sont les industries urbaines accordant peu d’attention sur les polluants émis dans l’environnement ce qui compromet en silence la santé de l’homme et de son environnement. Cette étude conduite au cours de la période du 1er juin au 30 août 2024 a pour objectif principal d’évaluer la pollution du sol et des végétaux du Centre de Recherches Géologique et Minière (CRGM) de Niamey par les Eléments Traces Métalliques (ETM). Pour ce faire, des échantillons du sol ont étés prélevés à l’entrée, au milieu et à la sortie du centre à trois profondeurs (0-10cm, 10-20cm et 20-30cm), ainsi qu’un échantillon témoin. Ensuite, des feuilles de moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) et basilic (Ocimum basilicum L.) ont été collectées. L’analyse a été réalisée à l’aide du spectromètre à fluorescence x portatif, Niton XL3t pour caractériser les différents contaminants présents dans le sol et les végétaux. Selon les résultats obtenus, les concentrations dans le sol varient respectivement de 0 ppm (Cu, As, Pb et Co) à 52,74 ppm (Ni) en zone témoin ; de 4,77 ppm (As) à 101,66 ppm (Pb) à l’entrée ; de 36,2 ppm (Pb) à 282,01 ppm (Co) au centre et de 2,69 ppm (en Pb) à 67,04 ppm (en Co) à la sortie. Les concentrations moyennes dans les deux espèces végétales (Moringa oleifera L., Ocimum basilicum L.) du fer, du zinc, de l’arsenic, du cobalt et du plomb varient de 229,24 à 291,8 ppm. Pour les feuilles de Moringa les concentrations sont de 15,13 à 19,73 ppm ; 0 à 7,89 ppm; 3,48 à 4,54 ppm et 0 à 50,80 ppm respectivement en fer ; en zinc ; en arsenic, en cobalt et en plomb. Pour Ocimium elles varient de 271,03 à 544,03 ppm ; 21,93 à 66,42 ppm ; 16,25 à 48,75 ppm ; 0 à 378,89 ppm en fer ; en zinc ; en arsenic ; et en plomb. Ces résultats obtenus démontrent que le sol est plus contaminé en plomb, en arsenic, et en nickel. Ocimum basilicum et Moringa oleifera sont contaminées en arsenic, en plomb et en zinc. Cette étude renseigne le rejet du CRGM contaminant le sol et les végétaux en ETM destructeurs de l’environnement, et responsables des maladies cancérigènes. Il est donc indispensable de trouver des solutions pour protéger l’Homme et son environnement.
In Niamey, industry is a major source of pollutants that are harmful to people and their environment. Many urban industries pay little attention to the pollutants they emit into the environment, which silently compromises human health and the environment. The main objective of this study, carried out over the period from 1 June to 30 August 2024, is to assess the pollution of the soil and plants at the Niamey Geological and Mining Research Centre (CRGM) by Trace Metal Elements (TMEs). Soil samples were taken at the entrance, middle and exit of the centre at three depths (0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20-30cm), as well as a control sample. Next, moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves were collected. Analysis was carried out using the Niton XL3t portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer to characterise the various contaminants present in the soil and plants. According to the results obtained, soil concentrations ranged from 0 ppm (Cu, As, Pb and Co) to 52.74 ppm (Ni) in the control zone; from 4.77 ppm (As) to 101.66 ppm (Pb) at the entrance; from 36.2 ppm (Pb) to 282.01 ppm (Co) in the centre and from 2.69 ppm (Pb) to 67.04 ppm (Co) at the bottom. The average concentrations of iron, zinc, arsenic, molybdenum and lead in the two plant species (Ocimum basilicum L., Moringa oleifera L.) were 229.24 to 291.8 ppm; 15.13 to 19.73 ppm; 0 to 7.89 ppm; 3.48 to 4.54 ppm and 0 to 50.80 ppm respectively for iron, zinc, arsenic, molybdenum and lead in Moringa oleifera L. This concentration is 271.03 to 544.03 ppm; 21.93 to 66.42 ppm; 16.25 to 48.75 ppm; 0 to 378.89 ppm in Iron; Zinc; Arsenic; and Lead in Ocimum basilicum L. These results show that the soil is contaminated with Lead, Arsenic, and Nickel. Ocimum basilicum L. and Moringa oleifera L. are contaminated with Arsenic, Lead and Zinc. It is therefore essential to find solutions to protect people and their environment
Digital Assessment of Italian-English Translations of COVID-19 Reports
Full text linkThe present work is concerned with assessing the quality of the English language in official reports published by the Italian Higher Health Institute and released through its website during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reports are the result of a translation from Italian into English, on which a quantitative analysis was carried out to assess the total number of errors, as well as their accuracy, adequacy, and readability. A qualitative evaluation was also undertaken focusing on the cohesive, lexical, and syntactic features of the reports, thus highlighting mistranslations. The quantitative analysis, carried out using the TAUS DQF system, evidenced a mean accuracy of 3 and a mean adequacy of 2. The Grammarly software counted a mean number of 109 errors. The Flesch-Kincaid readability tests, calculated using the Content Analysis SEO Tool, yielded a mean reading ease of 38 and a mean school grade of 8. The publication of official health reports addressed to the general public should be committed to improving lives and increasing the social impact of science. On the other hand, official health reports that are aimed at a specialized medical audience should respond to all the rules and norms of that specific language community. In both cases, the reports assessed in the present investigation seem to fail in their communicative function due to their linguistic ineffectiveness
Analysis of the determinants influencing the choice of local market garden crops: tomato, chili, onion, krinkrin and okra in Southern Benin
Full text linkFor more than two decades, Benin has witnessed a steady increase in market gardening production. However, his growth has not led to self-sufficiency, as the country still relies on imports from neighboring countries during lean periods. Analyzing the choice of local market garden crops will undoubtedly help find solutions to address the problem. Thus, the study used a multivariate probit model to identify the determinants of the adoption of market garden crops, particularly tomato, pepper, onions, krinkrin and okra, on farms in southern Benin. It was conducted on a sample of 474 randomly selected market gardeners. The results revealed the existence of interdependence and complementarity in the adoption of the various local market garden crops studied. Also, it is observed that the majority of producers surveyed prefer to adopt a combination of two crops at a time (27.43%) or four crops at a time (25.74%). Furthermore, the existence of a market in the village, the level of education, the existence of a telephone network, the type of area in relation to the proximity or not of the water table and the security of the sites are the main factors determining the adoption of local market gardening crops by producers in southern Benin
Stratégies d’adaptations des producteurs rizicoles face aux changements climatiques dans la Région Menabe, Madagascar
Full text linkLa riziculture est parmi les types de cultures les plus vulnérables aux effets du changement climatique. En dépit des incertitudes sur l’ampleur exacte des changements climatiques aux échelles locales, une évaluation des risques liées aux impacts du changement climatique et des stratégies d’adaptations déjà mises en œuvre par les riziculteurs sont nécessaires pour le renforcement des stratégies de réponses. Cette présente étude a pour but d’analyser les perceptions paysannes sur les manifestations de changement climatique, d’identifier les différents impacts de changement climatique sur le système de riziculture et sur les structures socio-économiques des producteurs rizicoles, d’analyser les stratégies d’adaptations développées par les exploitants du riz, et d’identifier la typologie et les déterminants des stratégies d’adaptations. Pour ce faire, des enquêtes effectuées au niveau de 280 paysans situés dans sept (07) localités (Bemanonga, Beharona, Soaserana, Ankilivalo, Ankilizato, Ambatolahy et Tsimafana) de la Région Menabe ont été entreprises. Des analyses ont été réalisées au moyen de statistiques descriptives, et des tests statistiques. Ensuite, l’Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances Multiples (AFCM) suivi d’une Classification Hiérarchique Ascendants (CAH) et le modèle logit multinomial ont été respectivement entreprises pour réaliser la typologie et identifier les déterminants des stratégies d’adaptations. A l’issus de la présente étude, les perceptions paysannes montrent que la zone d’étude a été marqué par le changement climatique. Les manifestations de ce dernier se traduisent par la hausse de la température, baisse de cumul pluviométrique, arrêt précoce et démarrage tardif des pluies, poche de sècheresse et la mauvaise répartition des pluies. Les principaux impacts de changement climatiques sont la baisse de production rizicole, prolifération des insectes ravageurs de cultures, infertilité du sol, assèchement de champs de culture, diminution du tallage, mauvaise croissance des plantes et la mauvaise levée de semis. En réponse à ces changements climatiques, les riziculteurs adoptent différentes stratégies d’adaptations qui sont regroupées par classe. La première classe des riziculteurs utilise les semences améliorées, engrais, motoculteurs et pratique du repiquage des jeunes plants. La deuxième classe adopte l’utilisation des variétés à cycle court, utilisation des engrais, introduction des nouvelles spéculations, pratique des cultures contre saisons et la modification du calendrier cultural. Enfin, pour la troisième classe, les exploitants rizicoles préfèrent l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires, des engrais, l’introduction des nouvelles spéculations. La participation des riziculteurs à la formation agricole, contact avec les agents vulgarisateurs, l’éducation et l’accès aux crédits sont des principaux facteurs qui déterminent les décisions des riziculteurs pour s’adapter au changement climatique et qui ont un effet positif et significatif à un taux respectif de 1%, 5%, et 10% sur la classe 1. Pour la classe 2, le choix des stratégies d’adaptations est positivement influencé par le contact avec les agents vulgarisateurs et l’éducation qui sont respectivement significatifs à 1% et à 10%. Les décideurs publics et privés devraient orienter leurs actions de soutiens en tenant compte de ces résultats dans le but accompagner les acteurs.
Rice farming is among the most vulnerable agricultural systems to the effects of climate change. Despite uncertainties regarding the exact magnitude of climate change at the local level, it is essential to assess both the risks associated with climate change impacts and the adaptation strategies already implemented by rice producers in order to strengthen response mechanisms. This study aims to analyze farmers’ perceptions of climate change manifestations, identify its various impacts on the rice production system and on the socio-economic structures of rice producers, examine the adaptation strategies developed by farmers, and determine the typology and key factors influencing these strategies. To achieve this, surveys were conducted among 280 farmers across seven localities in the Menabe Region (Bemanonga, Beharona, Soaserana, Ankilivalo, Ankilizato, Ambatolahy, and Tsimafana). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), followed by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and a multinomial logit model, were applied to classify and identify the determinants of adaptation strategies. The findings reveal that farmers perceive clear signs of climate change in the study area, including rising temperatures, decreased rainfall, early cessation and delayed onset of rain, dry spells, and irregular rainfall distribution. The main impacts of climate change include reduced rice yields, the proliferation of crop pests, soil infertility, drying of rice fields, reduced tillering, poor plant growth, and low seed germination. In response, farmers adopt various adaptation strategies, which were categorized into three groups. The first group uses improved seeds, fertilizers, motorized tillers, and practices rice seedling transplantation. The second group opts for short-cycle rice varieties, fertilizer use, introduction of new crops, off-season farming, and changes in the agricultural calendar. The third group primarily relies on the use of phytosanitary products, fertilizers, and crop diversification. Key factors influencing adaptation decisions include participation in agricultural training, interaction with extension agents, education level, and access to credit. These factors showed a statistically significant and positive influence on Class 1 at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively. For Class 2, extension contact and education were significant at 1% and 10%, respectively. Public and private decision-makers should tailor their support actions based on these findings in order to better assist rice producers in facing climate challenges
Water Safety and Hygienic Practices of Formal and Informal Food Outlets in Malawi
Full text linkAccess to potable water is one of the most important aspects of ensuring consumer safety in food production. Interventions to improve the quality of drinking water and ensuring hygienic practices provide significant benefits to health. However, the monitoring of water quality and maintaining good hygiene remains a challenge in public food outlets where contamination of water may cause the outbreak of disease. The study aimed at assessing the water safety and hygienic practices of formal and informal food outlets in Malawi Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Nkhotakota district, Malawi. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 384 participating food outlets to assess water safety and hygiene practices. Data were collected through interviews and observational checklists. The study revealed that 31% (n = 384) of the food outlets had poor hygienic practices and half of the food handlers in the food outlets (50%, n = 376) had no knowledge of water contaminations. Furthermore, it was found that 96.6% of the food outlets (n = 384) use untreated water. Based on the findings, it was concluded that water being used was not safe for drinking due to poor hygiene and lack of knowledge by food handlers. Due to poor hygiene and lack of knowledge by food handlers, the study recommends widening the scope of policies in food outlets to provide special periodic orientation sessions to food handlers on sanitation and hygiene followed by evaluation in their respective food outlets. Food outlet owners should take responsibility for ensuring that hygienic conditions are followed at their business premises