European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)
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Assessing Biometric Predictors of Gestational Age Among Pregnant Women in the Upper East Region of Ghana: The Quadratic Classifier Approach
Get PDFAims/Objectives: Gestational outcomes are influenced by a variety of maternal factors, including diabetes, yet not all pregnant women with gestational diabetes experience abnormal variations. It is, therefore, essential to examine additional predictors of gestational variations amongst women. Subject/Methods: Data were obtained from the Biostatistics Department of the War Memorial Hospital in Navrongo, Ghana. Records of 1085 mothers and their children were collected between January 2014 and January 2017, and analysed using the quadratic discriminant analysis to evaluate the impact of maternal and neonatal characteristics on gestational variation. Results: Maternal parity, age, and the weight of the newborn were the principal discriminating variables. Of these, parity was the most significant factor in distinguishing between deliveries below the Estimated Date of Confinement (EDC) within EDC, and above EDC. Conclusion: Parity was identified as the leading factor influencing gestational variation. The study recommends further research into the biochemical and physiological mechanisms linking parity to gestational outcomes
Feeding on Exudates and Leaves of Cassava Cultivars with Varying Cyanogenic Potentials: Implications for the Biology of Typhlodromalus aripo, a Key Biocontrol Agent of Cassava Green Mite in Africa
Get PDFThe predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo, a key biological control agent of the cassava green mite in Africa, is known to feed on cassava exudates and, in the absence of prey, directly on cassava leaves. While cassava cultivars differ greatly in cyanogenic potential (CNP), the consequences of feeding on exudates and leaves from cultivars with different CNP levels for T. aripo biology remain unknown. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate several life history parameters of T. aripo on exudates and leaf discs of three cassava cultivars – TME1 (low CNP), TMS91934 (moderate CNP), and TMS82/00661 (high CNP). T. aripo completed its development on exudates of all three cultivars, being faster with higher survival on exudate of TMS82/00661 (6.8 days, 68.2%) compared with TME1 (7.9 days, 53.8%) and TMS91934 (8.2 days, 56.8%). None of the exudates supported oviposition, although adult female survivorship was highest on TMS82/00661. T. aripo was unable to develop beyond the deutonymph stage on the leaf discs of all three cassava cultivars. However, juvenile and adult longevity were greater on TME1 compared with the two other cultivars. Exudates were free of cyanogenic glycosides with similar amino acid concentrations; however, sugar content was twice as high in exudates of TMS8200661 compared with the other cultivars. These findings highlight the importance of cassava exudate quality for predator persistence and biological control success
Civic Education as Economic Infrastructure: The Way Towards Economic Development
Get PDFRespect for rules is a structural pillar of well-functioning societies and modern economies, serving as a prerequisite for stability, trust among economic actors, and sustainable development. However, compliance cannot be assumed to arise spontaneously or emerge only when convenient. Rather, it is the result of long-term educational and cultural processes deeply embedded in social institutions, most notably the family and the school system. This paper explores the importance of educating individuals to respect rules as a strategic investment in collective well-being, social cohesion, and institutional quality. Drawing on an institutionalist perspective, it argues that when rule compliance is learned early and through consistent experiences, it fosters trust in institutions, civic engagement, and economic legality. Family and School - as the primary interface between individuals and the normative system - play a crucial role in shaping both civic and social capital. Scholars such as Heckman, North, Acemoglu, and Nussbaum have shown that investments in early childhood education and schooling have positive effects on economic productivity, crime reduction, and democratic participation. If well-designed and widely implemented, education for rule compliance can strengthen the moral and economic foundations of contemporary democracies, promoting a model of development that is fairer, more inclusive, and sustainable. This contribution aims to reaffirm the centrality of education policies - especially those focused on respect for rules and people - as tools for preventing illegality and driving development. It emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts among schools, families, and public institutions to build a citizenry that is aware, cooperative, and respectful of the rules that govern both economic and social life
Employabilité des diplômés de l’Université Nouveaux Horizons sur le marché du travail à Lubumbashi, RDC
Get PDFCette étude s’est proposée d’identifier les comportements des diplômés de l’Université Nouveaux Horizons sur le marché du travail à Lubumbashi en RDC et déceler les freins à leur insertion professionnelle. Elle a visé également à combler l’écart criant entre l’instruction et l’emploi, en cherchant à savoir comment améliorer la réactivité des programmes de formation professionnelle des jeunes demandeurs du marché du travail. Il s’agissait donc de s’assurer aussi que l’offre des programmes de formation professionnelle reflète l’évolution rapide des attentes des employeurs ainsi que les préférences des diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur et universitaire. Elle a été réalisée dans la ville de Lubumbashi, pendant la fourchette de temps allant de 2021 à 2023. Elle s’est servie de la méthode d’enquête et l’approche descriptive. Ces méthodes ont été sous-tendues par les techniques documentaire et de questionnaire. Le traitement des données a été effectué grâce à l’analyse de contenu, au coefficient de cramer et au test statistique de différence Chi-deux de Carl Pearson. Sommairement, les résultats de cette étude ont montré que les diplômés de l’Université Nouveaux Horizons sont peu employables par le simple fait qu’ils adoptent, depuis le jour où ils ont été déversés sur le marché de l’emploi, des comportements moins conséquents leur permettant de répondre aux exigences dudit marché, en amorçant les démarches régulières de recherche active ou dynamique de l’emploi, notamment par le dépôt des demandes d’emploi, la mise en place d’une panacée de stratégies de coping ou d’adaptation. D’autres versent même dans l’auto-employabilité (entrepreneuriat). Ils ne se montrent pas beaucoup plus actifs sur le marché du travail, la plupart de ceux auprès de qui les enquêtes ont été menées, versent dans des conduites nonchalantes, caractérisées par une attente totalement passive.
This study aimed to identify the behavior of New Horizons University graduates in the Lubumbashi labor market, identify barriers to their professional integration, and determine factors likely to promote the maintenance and/or development of the cross-curricular skills acquired by New Horizons University graduates. It also aimed to bridge the glaring gap between education and employment by exploring how to improve the responsiveness of vocational training programs for young job seekers. This also involved ensuring that vocational training program offerings reflect the rapidly evolving expectations of employers and the preferences of higher education and university graduates. It was carried out in the city of Lubumbashi, during the time range from 2021 to 2023. It used the survey method and the descriptive approach. These methods were underpinned by documentary and questionnaire techniques. Data processing was carried out using content analysis, Cramer's coefficient, and Carl Pearson's Chi-square statistical difference test. In summary, the results of this study showed that graduates of New Horizons University are not very employable simply because they adopt, since the day they were dumped on the job market, less consistent behaviors allowing them to meet the demands of said market, by initiating regular steps of active or dynamic job search, in particular by submitting job applications, implementing a panacea of coping or adaptation strategies. Others even turn to self-employment (entrepreneurship). They do not appear to be much more active in the labor market; most of those surveyed exhibit a lackadaisical behavior characterized by a completely passive wait
Fall Management: Evaluation of Fall Events in an Inpatient Care Facility
Get PDFIntroduction: Falls pose a significant risk to older people in nursing facilities. They can lead to serious health consequences, prolonged stays, and impaired quality of life. A systematic evaluation of falls can help identify causes and improve prevention strategies. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze falls in a nursing facility over a three-year period. Methods: 290 documented falls were descriptively analyzed between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2023. Results: The mean age of patients who experienced a fall was 81.26 years. A fall incidence of 5.21 falls per 1,000 patient cases was determined for the survey period. 142 males (48.96%) and 148 females (51.03%) fell. Most falls (68%) occurred in the patient room, particularly between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., while using the toilet, and while walking without assistive devices. The most frequently documented injuries were abrasions (n=45), 15.51%, and bruises. Significant risk factors identified included limited mobility, the use of assistive devices, unsuitable footwear, and a lack of accessibility. Conclusions: The results reveal important focal points for individual prevention measures. The targeted use of aids, an adapted environment, and supportive guidance in high-risk situations appears particularly effective
Study of the Efficacity of Moringa Oleifera Roots Applied as a Poultice in the Symptomatic Treatment of Gonarthrosis
Get PDFIntroduction: The roots of Moringa oleifera are widely used for arthralgia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a poultice made from Moringa oleifera root powder in the symptomatic treatment of gonarthrosis. Material and methods: It was a randomized, double-blind study, controlled against placebo and against standard drug treatment in open, conducted in the rheumatology department of CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. The patients included in the study had an arthritic flare at the beginning of the study. Three parallel groups were formed, receiving respectively Moringa oleifera as a poultice on the knee; placebo as a poultice on the knee; and oral drug treatment. The primary outcome measure is based on the calculation of the effect size for pain intensity. Results and conclusion: Sixty-five patients were randomized (Moringa oleifera = 35, Placebo = 30) and twenty-one were non-randomized (medication treatment = 21). The studied population was characterized by a female predominance of 92%, with an average age of 57.94 years. The results of the effect size calculation for pain intensity showed a standardized difference greater than 0.8 in the Moringa oleifera and placebo groups over a duration of 2 weeks (p < 0.0001) on one hand, and in the Moringa oleifera and medication treatment groups over a duration of 3 months (p < 0.0001) on the other hand. This study showed that Moringa oleifera roots could constitute a potential therapeutic alternative in flare-ups of gonarthrosis
Asociación de redes de apoyo y adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2
Get PDFIntroducción: La diabetes tipo 2 es una enfermedad crónica con un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida, y las redes de apoyo disponibles para los pacientes para afrontar la enfermedad pueden estar asociadas con el control de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, transversal, de análisis de asociación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 286 pacientes, divididos en dos grupos: pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 con redes de apoyo y adherencia al tratamiento; y pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sin redes de apoyo ni adherencia al tratamiento. Variables sociodemográficas: edad, sexo, estado civil, ocupación, educación; variables clínicas: años desde el diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2, adherencia al tratamiento, redes de apoyo, glucosa en ayunas, hemoglobina glucosilada y medicamentos utilizados. Análisis estadístico: medias, porcentajes, prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: En ambos grupos predominó el sexo femenino, de 51 a 60 años, empleados, educación secundaria, casados, variables clínicas de 1 a 5 años de diagnóstico, uso de 3 fármacos, glucosa en ayunas y hemoglobina glucosilada, la categoría controlada sobresalió en pacientes con redes de apoyo con 59% y 68% respectivamente, mientras que sin redes de apoyo predominó la no controlada con 63% y 53% ambas cifras valor p = 000, respecto a la asociación en el grupo con redes de apoyo sobresalió la adherencia con 66%, mientras que en el grupo sin redes de apoyo no hubo adherencia al tratamiento en 65%, ambos datos con significancia estadística. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre redes de apoyo y adherencia al tratamiento.
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease with a significant impact on quality of life, and the support networks available to patients to cope with the disease may be associated with disease control. Materials and methods: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, association-analytic study was conducted. The sample consisted of 286 patients, divided into two groups: patients with type 2 diabetes with support networks and treatment adherence; and patients with type 2 diabetes without support networks and treatment adherence. Sociodemographic variables: age, sex, marital status, occupation, education; clinical variables: years since type 2 diabetes diagnosis, treatment adherence, support networks, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and medications used. Statistical analysis: means, percentages, chi-square test. Results: In both groups, the female sex predominated, from 51 to 60 years old, employed, secondary education, married, clinical variables from 1 to 5 years of diagnosis, using 3 drugs, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin, the controlled category stood out in patients with support networks at 59% and 68% respectively, while without support networks the uncontrolled predominated with 63% and 53% both figures a p value = 000, regarding the association in the group with support networks, adherence stood out at 66%, while in the group without support networks there was no adherence to treatment in 65%, both data with statistical significance. Conclusions: There is an association between support networks and adherence to treatment
Migration Into the Myometrium of the IUD Associated with a Painful Ovarian Cyst
Get PDFThe intrauterine device (IUD) or IUD is the most widely used contraceptive method in the world. Its secondary migrations are varied but rare when it comes to the myometrium according to the literature. We report a clinical case of migration of the IUD into the myometrium whose diagnosis was made eleven months after its insertion during a caesarean section, associated with a large painful right ovarian cyst. The diagnosis was suspected on pelvic ultrasound and then confirmed during exploratory laparotomy. A cystectomy with removal of the complete IUD was performed and histological analysis of the cyst concluded that there was a serous cystadenoma of the right ovary (benign ovarian tumor). The post-operative follow-up was simple
Challenges in Managing an Ischemic Stroke in a Child with Homozygous SS Sickle Cell Disease Associated with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Ischemic stroke is one of the most frequent complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) and may be associated with cognitive impairment. These two neurological manifestations can coexist in the same patient. Objective: To report a case of ischemic stroke and cognitive delay in a child with homozygous SS sickle cell disease. Case Report: We describe a 5-year and 8-month-old boy with homozygous SS sickle cell disease and epilepsy, non-compliant with his antiepileptic treatment, admitted for seizures that had progressively worsened over two months. A diagnosis of complicated major sickle cell syndrome was made. Discussion: The management of neurovascular, epileptic, and cognitive complications in this patient with cerebral palsy and sickle cell disease required evaluating the risk of severe anemia and stratifying the likelihood of stroke recurrence. Conclusion: Managing major sickle cell syndrome associated with neurovascular, epileptic, and cognitive complications in a child with cerebral palsy requires adherence to current evidence-based recommendations
Effects of Two Palms (Borassus aethiopum Mart and Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart) on Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Agroforestry Parklands of Gaya, Niger
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the contribution of B. aethiopum and H. thebaica for improving soil fertility in south-west Niger. For this purpose, a complete randomized experimental design with three replicates was used. A total of 45 composite samples of 100 g of soil (36 below canopy and 9 outside) were collected between 0 and 20 cm depth. The data were used to determine organic matter, total carbon, total nitrogen, total sulfur, macronutrients (Mg, Ca, Na and K), phosphorus and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) contents, pH, hygroscopic moisture, electrical conductivity and texture. The results revealed that levels of OM, C, N, Mn, Mg, Zn, HM, P, and Fe are higher beneath the canopies of both palm species, with a more pronounced enrichment observed under B. aethiopum. Except for phosphorus (P), variations in nutrient levels were largely explained by the soil’s organic matter, with which they showed strong and significant correlations. The study demonstrated that B. aethiopum and H. thebaica significantly enhance soil fertility and contribute to its structural stability. In light of these findings, it is crucial to develop policies that promote the rational management of forest resources as a sustainable strategy for preserving agricultural soil fertility.