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Rupture utérine : aspects épidémio-cliniques et thérapeutiques dans un hôpital de zone rurale au Togo
Get PDFIntroduction : Le but de cette étude était de décrire la rupture utérine en milieu hospitalier rural au Togo. Patientes et Méthode : Il s’est agi d’une étude rétrospective descriptive à collecte transversale menée à l’Hôpital de l’Ordre de Malte d’Elavagnon de Novembre 2019 à Octobre 2021 (24 mois), et incluant les patientes prises en charge pour rupture utérine. Résultats : Trente-et-deux cas de rupture utérine ont été enregistrés sur 2683 accouchements. L’âge moyen des patientes était de 34,5 ans (extrêmes : 21 ans et 41 ans). Il s’agissait majoritairement d’agricultrices (56,2%). La gestité moyenne était de 6,5 (extrêmes : 3 et 11). Il y avait un antécédent de cicatrice utérine dans 19 cas (59,4%). Dix-sept patientes n’avaient effectué aucune consultation prénatale. Le diagnostic était posé à l’admission dans 27 cas (84,4%) et en cours d’hospitalisation dans 3 cas. Dans 2 cas, il était posé au bloc opératoire au cours de la césarienne d’urgence. Le geste thérapeutique de la rupture utérine avait consisté en une hystérectomie totale avec conservation annexielle dans 26 cas (81,3%), et une hystérorraphie dans 6 cas (18,7%). Une transfusion sanguine était faite chez 29 patientes. Le produit sanguin le plus utilisé était le sang total. La mortalité maternelle était nulle. Le taux de décès fœtal était de 81,3%. Conclusion : La rupture utérine constitue une préoccupation en milieu hospitalier rural au Togo en raison d’un suivi inadéquat des grossesses et de l’existence d’accouchements à domicile.
Introduction: This study aimed at describing uterine rupture in a rural hospital in Togo. Patients and Method: It was a descriptive retrospective study with cross-sectional collection conducted at Malte Order Hospital of Elavagnon from November 2019 to October 2021 (24 months), including patients cared for uterine rupture. Results: Thirty-two cases of uterine rupture were registered out of 2683 deliveries. The mean age of the patients was 34.5 years (extremes: 21 years and 41 years old). Patients were mainly farmers (56.2%). The mean gestational number was 6.5 (extremes: 3 and 11). There was a history of uterine scarring in 19 cases (59.4%). Seventeen patients had not had any prenatal consultation. The diagnosis was made on admission in 27 cases (84.4%) and during hospitalization in 3 cases. In 2 cases, the diagnosis was made in the operating room during an emergency cesarean. The therapeutic procedure for uterine rupture consisted of a total hysterectomy preserving annexes in 26 cases (81.3%), and a hysterorrhaphy in 6 cases (18.7%). Blood transfusion was performed in 29 patients. The most used blood product was whole blood. There was no maternal death. The fetal death rate was 81.3%. Conclusion: Uterine rupture is preoccupant in rural hospitals in Togo because of inadequate follow-up of pregnancies and the existence of home deliveries
Colectomie: indications et résultats dans un hôpital de référence du Niger
Get PDFIntroduction : La colectomie est une technique operatoire qui consiste à la résection d’une portion ou de la totalitée du colon. Elle est indiquée pour plusieurs pathologies coliques à savoir le carcinome colorectal, le volvulus du colon pelvien, la polypose adénomateuse et les cancers coliques dont les plus fréquents sont :dont les plus fréquents sont : le volvulus du colon pelvien suivis des tumeurs et invaginations. Objectifs : Rapporter les indications ainsi que les résultats de la colectomie à l’Hôpital Général de Référence de Niamey. Patients et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective monocentrique allant du 1er janvier 2020 au mois de Juillet 2024, soit une période de 5 ans. Tous les patients admis dans les services de chirurgie générale de l’HGR pour qui une colectomie a été indiquée et réalisée pendant la période de notre étude. Notre étude s’est portée sur 27 patients. Résultats : Nous avons recensé au cours de notre étude 27 cas de colectomie, le sexe masculin était le plus fréquent soit 77,78% des cas. La moyenne d’âge était de 50, 74 ans avec des extrême de 18 et 78 ans, la mode était de 66 ans et l’Ecart type de 14,54. La tranche d’âge 45-59 était majoritaire avec 14 cas soit 51,85%. La douleur abdominale était le signe fonctionnel le plus fréquent avec 51,85 %. Dans notre étude 15 patients avaient réalisé un bilan d’extension tumoral soit 55,56% des cas. La localisation sur le colon sigmoïde à la coloscopie était la plus fréquente soit 11,11%. En période préopératoire la tumeur sigmoïdienne et le volvulus du colon sigmoïde étaient les diagnostics les plus suspectés soit 18,52% pour chacun. Une grande partie de nos patients était classée ASA 1 soit 74,07% des cas. La majorité des patients avait bénéficié d’une laparotomie soit 70,4% des cas. L’hemicolectomie droite était, la plus réalisée (40,74%) suivie de la sigmoïdectomie (29,63%). L’infection du site opératoire était la complication la plus fréquente soit 14,81% des cas. La suite opératoire était simple dans 62,98% des cas. La mortalité péri-opératoire était de 3,70% des cas. Conclusion : La colectomie est un geste chirurgicale simple dont les indications sont nombreuses dominées par les volvulus du colon et les cancers du colon.
Introduction: Colectomy is a surgical technique that involves the resection of a portion or all of the colon. It is indicated for several colonic pathologies, namely colorectal carcinoma, pelvic colon volvulus, adenomatous polyposis, and colon cancers, the most common of which are pelvic colon volvulus, followed by tumors and intussusceptions. Objectives: To report the indications and results of colectomy at the Niamey General Reference Hospital. Patients and Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study from January 1, 2020, to July 2024, a period of 5 years. All patients admitted to the general surgery departments of the Niamey General Reference Hospital for whom colectomy was indicated were included during the study period. Our study included 27 patients. Results: We identified 27 cases of colectomy during our study, the male gender was the most frequent, either 77.78% of cases. The average age was 50, 74 years, with extremes of 18 and 78 years, the mode was 66 years and the standard deviation was 14.54. The age group 45-59 was the majority with 14 cases or 51.85%. Abdominal pain was the most frequent functional sign, with 51.85%. In our study, 15 patients had undergone a tumor extension assessment either 55.56% of cases. The location on the sigmoid colon at colonoscopy was the most frequent, either 11.11%. In the preoperative period, the sigmoid tumor and the volvulus of the sigmoid colon were the most suspected diagnoses, either 18.52% for each. A large proportion of our patients were classified as ASA 1, or 74.07% of cases. The majority of patients underwent laparotomy, either 70.4% of cases. Right hemicolectomy was the most commonly performed (40.74%), followed by sigmoidectomy (29.63%). Surgical site infection was the most common complication, either 14.81% of cases. The postoperative course was simple in 62.98% of cases. Perioperative mortality was 3.70% of cases. Conclusion: Colectomy is a simple surgical procedure with numerous indications, primarily colon volvulus and colon cancer
Effet du climat du travail sur le bien-être psychologique et la détresse psychologique des fonctionnaires pénitentiaires
Get PDFL’objectif de cette étude est de montrer le rôle du climat de travail sur la santé psychologique des fonctionnaires pénitentiaires. Il s’agit d’une étude qui s’inspire du modèle prédictif de la santé psychologique au travail de Boudrias et al. (2011, 2014), du modèle de mesure bidimensionnel de la santé psychologiaue au travail, qui traite cette dernière en fonction de ses manifestations positives et négatives (i.e., bien-être psychologique au travail, détresse psychologique au travail) (Gilbert et al. 2011) et des travaux de recherche antérieurs dans ce domaine. (e.g., Bakker & Demerouti., 2014 ; Desrumaux et al. 2015 ; Khaoudi, 2020 ; Thierrault et al., 2014). L’enquête est réalisée à travers un questionnaire auto-rapporté comportant des échelles de mesure des variables en question auprès de 1066 fonctionnaires pénitentiaires œuvrant dans 26 prisons de quatre régions du Maroc (i.e., Rabat-Salé-Kenitra, Casablanca-Settat, Fès-Meknès, Marrakech-Safi). Les résultats montrent que le climat du travail favorise le bien-être psychologique et atténue la détresse psychologique des fonctionnaires pénitentiaires. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière du modèle prédictif de la santé psychologique au travail (Boudrias et al., 2011, 2014) et des travaux de recherche antérieurs mentionnés précédemment.
The aim of this study is to show the role of work demands (i.e. workload, emotional load, violence at work) on the psychological health of prison officers. It draws on the predictive model of psychological health at work by Boudrias et al. (2011, 2014), the two-dimensional measurement model of psychological health at work, which treats the latter in terms of its positive and negative manifestations (i.e., psychological well-being at work, psychological distress at work) (Gilbert et al. 2011) and previous research in this area. (e.g., Azouaghe, 2019; Bakker & Demerouti., 2014; Desrumaux et al. 2015; Khaoudi, 2020; Thierrault et al., 2014). The survey was conducted by means of a self-reported questionnaire including scales for measuring the variables in question among 1066 prison officers working in 26 prisons in four regions of Morocco (i.e., Rabat-Salé-Kenitra, Casablanca-Settat, Fès-Meknès, Marrakech-Safi). Analysis of the results shows that prison officers who experience work demands report a low level of psychological well-being at work and a high level of psychological distress at work. The results are discussed in light of the predictive model of psychological health at work (Boudrias et al., 2011, 2014) and the previous research mentioned above
Assessing Program Satisfaction and Employment Outcomes Among Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Graduates of Notre Dame of Jolo College
Get PDFThe study assessed BSIT graduates' program satisfaction, employment outcomes, and the usefulness of their academic program for employment. It also examined factors influencing school and program selection, institutional values, and employment aspects such as status, sector, salary, wait time, and position. Program satisfaction was measured across teaching, learning, study conditions, guidance, competency attainment, and employment readiness. It further explored whether employment readiness, institutional values, and employment status predict program satisfaction. A sample of 58 respondents participated in a survey, selected through stratified sampling from a population of 111. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Results showed that holistic education influenced school selection, while program choice was shaped by resources and qualified faculty. The employment rate was 66%, with 61% working in the government sector. Among the employed, 50% found jobs within six months, 63% held non-permanent roles, 39% earned below the median salary, and 87% held rank-and-file positions. Graduates reported the highest satisfaction in teamwork-based teaching, respectful interaction, modern learning tools, and hands-on training. They found problem analysis skills useful for employment and identified God-fearing and respect as core institutional values. Regression analysis indicated that employment readiness and being employed significantly predicted program satisfaction. Graduates confirmed the program’s relevance to their employment and growth. Those who were work-ready and employed reported greater satisfaction. While values like being God-fearing and respectful were appreciated, they had minimal impact on program satisfaction. The study recommended integrating hands-on training, job-readiness modules, and career guidance into the BSIT curriculum, and aligning program content with industry needs through regular stakeholder input
National Security and Cyber Defense in the Rise of Artificial Super Intelligence
Get PDFThe rise of Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) marks a pivotal transformation in the global cybersecurity landscape. Surpassing the limitations of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), ASI introduces systems capable of autonomous reasoning, instantaneous threat response, and strategic adaptability far beyond human capability. While its defensive applications hold immense promise, the offensive potential of ASI presents an equally formidable challenge. Real-world events such as the SolarWinds infiltration in 2020 and the NotPetya ransomware outbreak in 2017 illustrate the devastating impact of AI-augmented cyber operations on national infrastructure and global commerce. These cases underscore the urgency of preparing for more advanced threats as ASI technology matures. This paper investigates the dual role of ASI in modern cyber conflict through a mixed-method approach combining empirical case study analysis, comparative evaluation of AGI and ASI capabilities, and scenario-based modeling. Particular emphasis is placed on examining how ASI alters traditional cyberattack vectors and reshapes defensive paradigms. The study further explores the integration of advanced countermeasures, including blockchain-backed data integrity systems, zero-trust security models, and autonomous deception frameworks. In addressing the wider implications, the paper also considers the ethical, legal, and governance challenges posed by opaque, autonomous decision-making in high-stakes security contexts. By mapping current capabilities and foreseeable trajectories, the analysis offers a policy-oriented framework to guide the responsible development and secure integration of ASI into national defense infrastructures
Impact des Fluctuations des Prix du Pétrole et du Régime de Subventions sur la Croissance Économique au Maroc : Étude Économétrique de 1998T1 à 2022T4
Get PDFCet article analyse l'impact des fluctuations des prix du pétrole et du régime de subventions sur la croissance économique au Maroc entre le premier trimestre de 1998 et le quatrième trimestre de 2022. En appliquant une analyse économétrique aux données trimestrielles, l’étude différencie les effets linéaires et asymétriques de prix du pétrole, ainsi que l’influence du régime de subventions. Les résultats indiquent que les hausses des prix du pétrole ( exercent un impact significatif sur la croissance du PIB, tandis que les baisses ( n'ont pas un effet direct. Le régime de subventions, quant à lui, montre un effet positif et soutenant. Ces conclusions mettent en lumière l'importance de politiques de subventions pour compenser les effets des hausses de prix du pétrole, et suggèrent d’élargir l’étude à d’autres facteurs explicatifs de la croissance économique marocaine.
This article aims to analyse the impact of oil price fluctuations and the subsidy regime on Morocco’s economic growth from the first quarter of 1998 to the fourth quarter of 2022. Through econometric analysis of quarterly data, the study distinguishes between linear and asymmetric effects of oil price changes, as well as the influence of the subsidy regime. The results indicate that increases in oil prices ( have a significant impact on GDP growth, whereas price decreases ( do not have a direct effect. The subsidy regime, on the other hand, demonstrates a positive and supportive effect. These findings underscore the importance of subsidy policies in offsetting the adverse effects of oil price increases and suggest broadening the study to other explanatory factors for Moroccan economic growth
Upscaling Corporate Governance Principles for Performance of National Sports Federations in Kenya and Beyond
Get PDFThe sports industry in Kenya continues to grow swiftly and emerge as a vibrant and crowd-pulling phenomenon. However, few studies have been conducted on the critical topic of corporate governance principles and the performance of national sports federations. Thus, the research focused on determining the effect of corporate governance principles on National Sports Federations’ performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The objectives included evaluating the effects of transparency, accountability, sustainability, and integrity on National Sports Federations’ performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study variables were anchored in the Stewardship theory, Balanced Scorecard theory, and Stakeholder theory. The research utilized both secondary and primary data. The research utilized a descriptive research design to collect data from a sample of 145 federation members: Head of National Team Coaches, Assistant National Team Coaches, and Technical Directors. Semi-structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Self-administered Questionnaires were utilized, employing the drop-off and later pick-up approach. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Quantitative data collected was analyzed using multiple regression, descriptive analysis, and Correlation analysis. The study found that accountability, transparency, integrity, and sustainability have a significant positive relationship with the performance of national sports federations in Nairobi City County. Further findings reveal that increased service delivery, customer feedback, employee satisfaction, and financial performance of national sports federations indicate performance. This study recommends the formation of clear corporate governance policies that raise sustainable development in the Kenya sporting sector, federation members to adopt continuous training on best practices of corporate governance, utilize digital platforms for governance practices, national and county government to establish measurable performance indicators to be adopted by national sports federations, consistent monitoring, and evaluation of these performance indicators. These recommendations will help both the national sports federations and the government to increase transparency, accountability, sustainability, and integrity in the sports industry in Kenya
Suivi des Parametres Physico-Chimiques des Eaux Souterraines du Bassin de l’alima, sous bassin du Fleuve Congo : Campagnes de Grande Saison Seche 2021 et 2022 dans les Districts d’Oyo, Tchikapika et Boundji, Republique du Congo
Get PDFCette étude a pour objectif de suivre l’évolution des paramètres hydrogéochimiques des eaux souterraines des districts d'Oyo, Tchikapika et Boundji, dans le bassin versant de l’Alima, afin de déterminer leur qualité pour la consommation et l'irrigation pendant les saisons sèches de 2021 et 2022. L'échantillonnage a inclus 26 ouvrages en 2021 et 34 en 2022, répartis entre sources aménagées, puits de captage et forages. Les échantillons ont été prélevés, stockés et analysés au laboratoire de La Congolaise des Eaux (LCDE). Les paramètres physiques (pH, température, conductivité, TDS) et chimiques (cations et anions) ont été mesurés in situ et en laboratoire. Les résultats montrent que les eaux respectent les normes OMS, avec une prédominance de Ca²⁺, Na⁺, HCO₃⁻ et Cl⁻, et deux faciès dominants, bicarbonaté calcique et magnésien en 2021, et chloruré, sulfaté calcique et magnésien en 2022. Les eaux souterraines d’Oyo, Tchikapika et Boundji respectent les normes de l’OMS, mais présentent des spécificités chimiques qui nécessitent une surveillance continue. L’acidité persistante, la faible minéralisation, et la corrosion des infrastructures sont des indicateurs de risques sanitaires potentiels, bien que la qualité chimique globale soit satisfaisante. Les éléments tels que le Ca²⁺, Na⁺, et HCO₃⁻ dominent la composition chimique des eaux, avec une influence notable des précipitations et de l’altération des silicates. Selon les critères de Wilcox, les eaux sont excellentes à bonnes pour l'irrigation. Cependant, les préoccupations concernant l’acidité de ces eaux et les risques microbiologiques auxquelles elles sont exposées d’où, la nécessité d’un suivi microbiologique. Les résultats peuvent orienter les politiques de gestion de l’eau, particulièrement pour les régions où l’acidité et la corrosion peuvent affecter la santé publique et les infrastructures. Un suivi régulier et des interventions ciblées sont nécessaires pour garantir la potabilité de l'eau et la santé des habitants.
This study aims to monitor the evolution of the hydrogeochemical parameters of groundwater in the sub-prefectures of Oyo, Tchikapika and Boundji, in the Alima watershed, in order to determine their quality for consumption and irrigation during the dry seasons of 2021 and 2022. Sampling included 26 structures in 2021 and 34 in 2022, divided between developed sources, catchment wells and boreholes. The samples were collected, stored and analyzed at the laboratory of La Congolaise des Eaux (LCDE). The physical (pH, temperature, conductivity, TDS) and chemical (cations and anions) parameters were measured in situ and in the laboratory. The results show that the waters meet WHO standards, with a predominance of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, HCO₃⁻ and Cl⁻, and two dominant facies, calcium bicarbonate and magnesium in 2021, and chloride, calcium sulfate and magnesium in 2022. The groundwaters of Oyo, Tchikapika and Boundji meet WHO standards, but have chemical specificities that require continuous monitoring. Persistent acidity, low mineralization, and corrosion of infrastructure are indicators of potential health risks, although the overall chemical quality is satisfactory. Elements such as Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and HCO₃⁻ dominate the chemical composition of the waters, with a notable influence of precipitation and silicate weathering. According to the Wilcox criteria, the waters are excellent to good for irrigation. However, concerns about the acidity of these waters and the microbiological risks to which they are exposed, hence the need for microbiological monitoring. The results can guide water management policies, particularly for regions where acidity and corrosion can affect public health and infrastructure. Regular monitoring and targeted interventions are necessary to ensure the potability of water and the health of residents
Albania's Entities and Environmental Accounting: Current Public Disclosure and the Reality Behind Closed Doors
Get PDFEnvironmental accounting (EA) has become an essential tool for incorporating environmental costs and performance into corporate reporting and decision-making. This paper analyzes the status of EA in Albania, a developing economy and EU candidate, by evaluating the public disclosure of environmental information and the internal practices of EA within enterprises. A content analysis was performed on the websites and financial reports of 100 big Albanian enterprises, in conjunction with a structured survey of 71 managers. Results indicate a substantial disparity between outward reporting and internal practices. Public environmental disclosures are scant; only a limited number of corporations release quantitative or financial environmental data, and nearly none produce independent sustainability reports, indicating a "gray" reporting environment. Survey results reveal that approximately one-third of organizations have initiated internal enterprise architecture practices or sustainability initiatives, albeit without external communication. Significant obstacles impeding wider implementation of Environmental Accounting (EA) encompass constrained financial resources, absence of regulatory mandates, inadequate stakeholder pressure, and minimal awareness or proficiency in sustainable accounting, literature indicated to be issues prevalent in poor nations. Analyzing the results via stakeholder, legitimacy, and institutional theories indicates that the lack of external pressures and obligatory frameworks has resulted in complacency in disclosure, notwithstanding increasing internal awareness. The research underscores an immediate necessity for enhanced regulatory frameworks, capacity development, and stakeholder involvement in Albania. In aligning with the EU’s CSRD (2022) and global reporting requirements, it is imperative to bridge the divide between public reporting and private practice to enhance corporate transparency and accountability
Caracterisation des peuplements ichtyologiques d’un hydrosysteme fluvial a Guessabo et lacustre a Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFLa présente étude porte sur les données collectées dans deux portions du fleuve Sassandra : sa partie lacustre à Buyo et sa partie fluviatile à Guessabo. Ces plans d’eau sont exploités par les pêcheurs artisans. Les données biologiques ont été collectées sur les prises de la pêcherie commerciale, complémentées avec de celles issues de six campagnes d’échantillonnage. Un ichtyomètre, une balance électronique et un GPS pour les coordonnées des zones de pêche ont été utilisés. Cette approche a permis d’en savoir davantage sur le stress environnemental que subit ces poissons eu égard aux valeurs de l’indice de Comparaison Abondance Biomasse (ABC). Au titre de la diversité, 46 espèces ont été identifiées, appartenant à 11 ordres et 17 familles, avec une dominance des Perciformes, Siluriformes, Characiformes et Ostéoglossiformes. La partie lacustre a montré une plus grande abondance (7312 individus), mais une moins bonne organisation des populations, tandis que la partie fluviale présentait une abondante diversité réduite (1943 individus), avec une mauvaise organisation. Sur la période d'échantillonnage (Juin 2020-Décembre 2022), Syndontis koensis (886 individus) et Sarotherodon melanotheron (258 individus) étaient respectivement, dans les parties lacustre et fluviale, les plus abondants. Les résultats révèlent un stress environnemental sur ces populations.
This study is based on data collected in two portions of the Sassandra River: the lake at Buyo and the river at Guessabo. These bodies of water are exploited by artisanal fishermen. Biological data were collected on catches in the commercial fishery, complemented by data from six sampling campaigns. An ichthometer, an electronic scale, and GPS were used to coordinate the fishing areas. This approach has provided insight into the environmental stress these fish are experiencing with respect to the Biomass Abundance Index (ABC) values. In terms of diversity, 46 species have been identified, belonging to 11 orders and 17 families, with a dominance of Perciformes, Siluriformes, Characiformes, and Osteoglossiformes. The lake portion showed greater abundance (7312 individuals), but less well-organized populations, while the river portion showed reduced abundance of diversity (1943 individuals), with better organization. In the sampling period (June 2020- December 2022), Syndontis koensis (886 individuals) and Sarotherodon melanotheron (258 individuals) were the most abundant in the lake and river regions, respectively. The results reveal environmental stress on these populations