European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)
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The Architecture of Wind: Microclimatic Strategies in Roman Villae Maritimae across the Mediterranean (Case Studies from Tripolitania)
Get PDFThis study examines four maritime villas located in the Tripoli area, aiming to highlight how Roman domestic architecture adapted spatially to local climatic conditions. In particular, it hypothesises that the combination of porticus and cryptoporticus formed an architectural device conceived to exploit the natural direction of the winds in order to ensure the passive cooling of residential spaces. Such interpretations, especially concerning the Tripolitanian villas, were partially advanced by mid-twentieth-century scholars. However, they have never been systematically organised within a comparative, interprovincial framework. The data employed in this study derive from a doctoral project that analyses, through published cartography and relevant scientific literature, the architectural evidence of maritime villas along the coasts of the Roman Mediterranean provinces, with the aim of identifying common architectural typologies. Preliminary findings indicate that these strategies of environmental architecture may represent a regional peculiarity of Tripolitania, rather than a broader pattern within the Roman world
Development of Tourism in Albania During the Last Decade: Case Study of the Vlora Peninsula
Get PDFTourism in Albania is one of the fields that developed later, in line with the other states in the region. In the last decade, tourism in Albania has undergone a transformative and irreversible journey, bringing economic and social development throughout the country. In 2023, Albania ranked 4th globally for the highest increase in the percentage of international tourist arrivals, marking a 56% increase compared to 2019. This research paper aims to examine changes in tourism in Albania, using the Vlora peninsula as a case study. The work will reflect the significant improvements in infrastructure and services, promotion and diversification of tourist offerings, marketing, and other key aspects of tourism development. The current strategy of the Ministry of Tourism for 2024-2030 will be seen as a picture of the current situation and the projection of the Albanian state for sustainable tourism, today also referred to as the Goals of Sustainable Development. INSTAT data show that the number of visitors to Albania in the last 3 years has increased significantly compared to previous years. Interest in tourism in Albania has brought citizens of many European countries who have previously been indifferent to Albanian tourism. Tourist operators registered in the Municipality of Vlora in the last decade indicate the growth of structures and services for the reception of the high number of foreign tourists in Vlora
Identity Resilience and Professional Project Reconstruction Among Internally Displaced Youth: The Case of Young People Settled in the Central Region of Burkina Faso
Get PDFThis qualitative study examines the processes of identity resilience and professional project reconstruction among internally displaced youth settled in the central region of Burkina Faso. In a context of security crisis that has caused the displacement of more than 2 million people since 2016, this research focuses specifically on the adaptive mechanisms developed by young people aged 18 to 30 to reconstruct their professional identity after a major biographical rupture. The methodological approach is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with 25 internally displaced youth, analyzed using a thematic analysis approach inspired by grounded theory. The results reveal three central processes of identity reconstruction: narrative reappropriation of life trajectory, creative adaptation to new professional opportunities, and mobilization of community and family resources. The study highlights the importance of psychosocial protective factors in the development of identity resilience, particularly social support, access to professional training, and recognition of skills acquired through adversity. These results contribute to a better understanding of identity reconstruction processes in crisis contexts and offer perspectives for psychological support of displaced populations
Desert Locust Decision Support for Improved Agriculture Production
Get PDFThe desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is widely considered to be the most dangerous migratory pest species due to its rapid reproductive capacity, long-distance migration potential, and devastating impact on agriculture and ecosystems. In addition, desert locust populations have increased rapidly, and swarms have invaded eleven countries in West Africa, severely disrupting agricultural production in vulnerable areas already facing security challenges. Timely and accurate information on the desert locust through remote sensing is critical for effectively managing and improving agricultural production, especially in West Africa, where such information is scarce. The objective of this work is to enhance the monitoring and prevention efforts against desert locust outbreaks by integrating remote sensing and decision-support tools. The tool identifies locust development and gregarization zones in order to assess the risk of outbreaks and support decision-making processes. It combines a model on the presence or absence of transient phases of the species, biotope ecological conditions, and gregarization thresholds for both juveniles and flying adults. In this paper, the Google Earth Engine platform is used to monitor eco-meteorological conditions in key desert locust survival and breeding areas using high-resolution geospatial data. The improvement initiative covers certain aspects of the user interface, real-time data updates, and a fully operational set of eco-climatic indices impacting locust multiplication. These advancements contribute to a more robust decision-support system for locust early warning and control in West Africa
The U.S.-Iraq War’s Legacy in Global Terrorism and the Taliban’s Return to Power
Get PDFThis article explores the enduring consequences of the 2003 U.S.–Iraq War, emphasizing its influence on global terrorism and its indirect role in enabling the Taliban’s return to power in Afghanistan in 2021. The study aims to analyze how U.S. strategic decisions in Iraq reshaped regional security dynamics, fostered the rise of extremist organizations, and undermined stabilization efforts in Afghanistan. Methodologically, the research employs a qualitative, historical–analytical approach, combining process tracing, comparative case studies, and thematic content analysis of policy documents, secondary literature, and international reports. The findings demonstrate that post-invasion decisions - such as dismantling Iraq’s military institutions, marginalizing Sunni communities, and fueling sectarian polarization - produced structural conditions that allowed radical groups, notably al-Qaeda in Iraq and ISIS, to consolidate power and expand transnationally. At the same time, the protracted U.S. engagement in Iraq diverted resources and attention from Afghanistan, weakening state-building initiatives and creating opportunities for the Taliban to reorganize, rebrand, and ultimately reclaim authority following the U.S. withdrawal. These outcomes illustrate the paradoxical effects of military intervention, whereby efforts to enhance global security unintentionally accelerated radicalization and insurgent resurgence. The article concludes that a deeper understanding of these interconnected conflicts is necessary for developing sustainable counterterrorism strategies and more responsible foreign policy frameworks
Évolution des systèmes fonciers dans un ancien front pionnier de cacaoculture : la région du N’Zi (Centre-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFLa région du N’zi, reconnue pour son rôle pionnier dans la culture du cacao en Côte d’Ivoire est marquée par d’importantes transformations foncières. Cet article explore l’évolution des systèmes de gestion des terres d’un contexte pionnier à une période post pionnière. La méthodologie de recherche a consisté à faire une recherche documentaire sur le contexte foncier des pratiques antérieures et actuelles régionales. Les enquêtes de terrains étaient des ‘’enquêtes à plusieurs passages’’ dans 53 localités sur 206 localités. Les résultats montrent d’une part que les anciennes pratiques foncières sont en survie car 87 % des producteurs ont obtenus leurs parcelles par héritage. D’autre part, dans le contexte actuel, une inégale délimitation des terroirs dans les départements est observée. Cette dynamique foncière favorise l’implantation de 4 nouvelles sociétés agricoles dans 9 localités de la région.
The N'zi region, renowned for its pioneering role in cocoa cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire, is marked by significant land transformations. This article explores the evolution of land management systems from a pioneer context to a post-pioneer period. The research methodology consisted of documentary research on the land context of past and current regional practices. Field surveys were conducted in 53 out of 206 locations. The results show, first, that old land practices are still alive, as 87% of producers obtained their plots through inheritance. Second, in the current context, an uneven delimitation of terroirs is observed within the departments. This land dynamic is favoring the establishment of four new agricultural companies in nine locations in the region
Determinants of Health Insurance Choice and Ownership in India-Evidence from National Sample Survey Data
Get PDFOut-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) accounts for approximately 39% of total health expenditure in India and is on the rise. This is a matter of concern as high OOPE has impoverishing effects on the economy. Insurance serves as a cushion in the event of health-related distress and also helps consumers access the required quantity and better quality of care. Demand for insurance is a choice between risk and return that is contingent upon several socio-economic and demographic factors. The paper aims to identify the factors that influence the choice and ownership of health insurance in India.
A multinomial logit model has been estimated using data on hospitalization published by the National Sample Survey Organisation, India (NSSO), 2014-15. Findings reveal that the presence of chronic ailments plays a significant role in the demand for health insurance. Other factors that not only shape demand but also influence the type of insurance chosen include education and income levels, household size and age of the individual. Government efforts have been crucial in reducing OOPE in India; however, better results can be expected with target-based innovative insurance products that offer greater coverage and transparency
Diversité et activités des termites terricoles dans le jardin botanique Stanislas Lisowski de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université de Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
Get PDFLes termites sont l'une des composantes les plus importantes de la macrofaune des sols africains. Considérés comme les ingénieurs de l'écosystème, ils construisent des monticules remarquables appelées termitières dans les écosystèmes naturels. De juin à septembre 2022, les investigations ont été menées pour suivre l'évolution et l’activité écologique des termites du jardin botanique Stanislas Lisowski de l’université de Kisangani, RD Congo. Ce jardin a été divisé en 4 quadrats. Après l’observation systématique de chaque termitière, 10 individus de la caste des soldats de chaque termitière ont étés collectés et identifiés; l’identification de l'espèce d'arbre sur laquelle la termitière était attachée, et le prélèvement d’une partie de la termitière pour les analyses physico-chimiques et granulométriques ont été effectués. Les résultats ont révélé 78 termitières avec 55 (70,5%) actives contre 23 (29,5%) éteintes. Un total de 2 familles (Termitidae et Rhinotermitidae) et 4 sous familles (Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, Rhinotermitinae et Cubitermitinae) ont été identifiées. Les Familles des Termitidae et Rhinotermitidae étaient représentées respectivement par 6 et 1 genres. La disposition des termitières était liée au type d’arbre. Ainsi, 5 genres de Termites avaient des nids adossés au pied des arbres appartenant à 8 espèces regroupées en 5 familles. Les Macrotermes étaient adossés sur trois espèces d’arbre (Ficus recurvata, Pseudospondias microcarpa et Allophylus africanus) ; les Promirotermes sur deux (Borassus aethiopium et Ficus recurvata) ; les Rhinotermes sur deux (Pachyelasma tessmanii et Tetrorchidium didymostemon) les Cubitermes sur Arenga pinnata et les Malaysiocapritermes sur Terminalia superba. Les sols des termitières ont présenté un pH légèrement acide à neutre, soit 6,5 pour les Macrotermes et Promirotermes et 7,1 pour Malaysiocapritermes. La Texture du sol des termitières a été complètement modifiée et les proportions de sable, de limon et d’argile varient avec les genres de termites.
Termites are one of the most important components of African soil macrofauna. Considered ecosystem engineers, they built remarkable structures, termite mounds, in many natural ecosystems. From June to September 2022, investigations were done to assess the entomofauna evolution of ground-dwelling termites and their activity in the Botanical gardens of Stanislas Lisowski of the University of Kisangani in RD Congo. The garden was divided into 4 quadrats. After a Systematic search, 10 individuals of the soldier caste were collected from each termite mound for identification purposes. The tree species on which the termite mounds were attached were identified, and part of the ground was collected for physicochemical and granulometry analyses. Results reveal 78 termite mounds in the study area, divided into two states: the active ones accounted for 55 (70.5%) of the mounds inspected, against 23 (29.5%) for the extinct ones. A total of 2 families (Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae); 4 subfamilies: Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, Rhinotermitinae, and Cubitermitinae were found. The Family Termitidae was represented by 6 genera and 1 genus. The termites' mounds distribution was related to the type of tree. Of the 7 genera of identified Termites, 5 had nests attached to the trunk of the trees. That is a total of 8 vegetable species gathered in 5 families. In the garden, Macrotermes were found on three species of trees: Ficus recurvata, Pseudospondias microcarpa and Allophylus africanus; Promirotermes attached to Borassus aethiopium and Ficus recurvata; Rhinotermes attached to Pachyelasma tessmanii, Tetrorchidium didymostemon; Malaysiocapritermes attached to Terminalia superba. Soils of termite mounds present a pH slightly acidic to neutral. That is 6.5 for Macrotermes and Promirotermes, and 7.1 for Malaysiocapritermes. The soil Texture, sand, silt, and clay were completely modified from one termite genus to another
From Infrastructure to Growth: Evaluating PPP Investments in Morocco Through the ARDL Model
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of public–private partnerships (PPPs) on Morocco’s economic growth over the period 1993–2023. GDP growth is employed as the dependent variable, with the number of PPP projects, PPP investment, gross fixed capital formation, unemployment, and inflation as explanatory variables. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique, the analysis captures both short-run and long-run dynamics. Results indicate that in the long run, PPP investment exerts a positive and significant effect on GDP growth, whereas the number of PPP projects has a negative impact, suggesting that project proliferation without efficiency may hinder performance. In the short run, PPP projects contribute positively, while unemployment consistently reduces growth. Robustness tests confirm the absence of serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, and non-normality, while CUSUM and CUSUMQ verify model stability. These findings highlight that investment quality, rather than project frequency, is the key driver of Morocco’s long-run growth, underscoring the need for governance and efficiency-centered PPP strategies
The Socio-Anthropological Analysis of the National Solid Waste Management Program in Bujumbura City
Get PDFBujumbura city is one of the oldest cities in the Great Lakes Region. It faces challenges related to solid waste management. Despite initiatives implemented by Burundi since 1983, the qualitative research and socio-anthropological analysis show that environmental awareness and education need to be strengthened so as to achieve sustainable solid waste management