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Étude Exploratoire des Motivations au Choix de la Carrière Salariale chez des Etudiants de l’université Félix Houphouët Boigny d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFLe présent travail vise à connaitre les motivations au salariat afin d’expliquer l’opiniâtreté de certains jeunes diplômés à obtenir un emploi salarié. Il a eu recours à une approche qualitative (l’analyse de contenu thématique) passant par des entretiens semi-directifs conduit auprès de 36 étudiants inscrits en année de Master et provenant de 9 facultés. Les participants de l’étude ont été sélectionnés grâce à la technique d’échantillonnage par cas multiples. Les résultats révèlent que 08 sous-catégories de raisons expliquent les motivations au salariat. 78 % de ces motivations émanent de ceux ayant choisi le salariat comme carrière professionnelle et 22 %, de ceux ayant opté pour la carrière entrepreneuriale. Ainsi, les résultats montrent qu’ici c’est plutôt les attitudes cognitives puis, les traits de personnalité qui prédominent dans le choix de la carrière salariale. De fait, les décideurs et spécialistes engagés dans la promotion de l’insertion professionnelle doivent s’intéresser aux dispositions individuelles, aux représentations mentales et sociales des étudiants relatifs au salariat. Une modification réussie des schémas de pensées sur le salariat permettrait aux États de rééquilibrer la balance de l’orientation professionnelle et aussi, aux jeunes diplômés de sortir le plus rapidement possible des longues quêtes d’emploi et du chômage.
The aim of this study is to find out what motivates some young graduates to take up salaried employment in order to explain their persistence. A qualitative approach (thematic content analysis) was used, involving semi-directive interviews with 36 students enrolled in a Master's year from 9 faculties. Participants in the study were selected using a multiple-case sampling technique. The results reveal that 08 sub-categories of reasons were found to explain students' motivations for taking up paid employment. 78 % of these reasons were given by those who had chosen to work for a company as a professional career and 22 % by those who had opted for an entrepreneurial career. The results show that in this case, it is cognitive attitudes and then personality traits that predominate in students' choice of salary career. As a result, decision-makers and specialists working in the field of professional integration must take an interest in the individual dispositions and mental and social representations of students with regard to salaried employment. Achieving a change in thinking about salaried employment would not only enable states to rebalance the balance of career guidance but also enable young graduates to emerge as quickly as possible from the long search for work and unemployment
Unveiling the Drivers of Entrepreneurial Internationalization: The Role of Human Capital, Digitalization, and Psychological Traits in Moroccan Early-stage Entrepreneurs
Get PDFThis study examines the factors influencing the internationalization of early-stage Moroccan entrepreneurs, focusing on human capital, digitalization, and psychological traits. Drawing on Human Capital Theory, Dynamic Capability Theory, and Psychological Theories of Entrepreneurship, the research aims to explore how education, digitalization, fear of failure, self-efficacy, and opportunity perception impact export intensity. Using data from 524 early-stage entrepreneurs surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), the study employs multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between these factors and export activity. The findings reveal that opportunity perception significantly and positively influences export intensity, highlighting the critical role of entrepreneurial alertness in fostering internationalization. Conversely, education demonstrates a significant negative effect, suggesting that higher education levels may increase risk aversion, potentially deterring engagement in global markets. Surprisingly, digitalization, fear of failure, and self-efficacy do not show significant direct effects on export intensity, with the non-significant effect of digitalization reflecting context-specific challenges, such as limited strategic use, infrastructure gaps, and insufficient digital literacy. The study highlights the need for fostering opportunity recognition and aligning education with practical skills. It calls for investments in digital infrastructure, training, and entrepreneurial ecosystems to empower entrepreneurs in emerging economies
Sesgos conductuales en docentes de nivel universitario: análisis comparativo México – Colombia desde la perspectiva de las finanzas del comportamiento
Get PDFLas finanzas conductuales, en contraste con las finanzas tradicionales que asumen la racionalidad perfecta, estudian cómo la psicología y la sociología pueden influir en las decisiones financieras de las personas. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo busca evaluar el proceso de toma de decisiones en docentes universitarios en México y Colombia, en relación con las finanzas conductuales a partir de la comprobación de sesgos comportamentales. Para el desarrollo del estudio se diseñó y aplicó un instrumento de medición tipo encuesta a la población objetivo, evaluando los sesgos de Educación Financiera, Autoeficacia, Optimismo y Aversión al Riesgo. La metodología aplicada consistió en un análisis estadístico de tipo factorial, tanto exploratorio como confirmatorio los cuales, en primera instancia permitieron la validación de la herramienta de investigación con el fin de cumplir los requisitos de consistencia y coherencia para, posteriormente, identificar y evaluar la estructura y fortaleza de los sesgos conductuales, tanto a nivel individual como relacional entre ellos. Los resultados registran evidencia de la presencia de estos sesgos en el proceso decisorio de todos los docentes encuestados, así como resalta una fuerte relación entre los componentes de conocimiento, comportamiento y actitud financieros, confirmando su relevancia en relación con la adecuada toma de decisiones, siendo consistente con la literatura científica abordada. Adicionalmente, se busca hacer un aporte de gran importancia para la línea de investigación de las finanzas conductuales, con el fin de fundamentar estrategias y soluciones para el fortalecimiento del conocimiento en esta área de investigación.
In contrast to traditional finance which assumes perfect rationality, behavioral finance studies how psychology and sociology can influence people’s financial decisions. Considering the above, the main objective of this work seeks to evaluate the decision-making process of university teachers in Mexico and Colombia, about behavioral finance from the verification of behavioral biases. For the development of the study, a survey-type measurement instrument was designed and applied to the target population, evaluating the biases of financial education, self-efficacy, optimism, and risk aversion. The methodology used consisted of a factorial statistical analysis, both exploratory and confirmatory which, in the first instance allowed the validation of the research tool to meet the requirements of consistency and coherence. Subsequently, identify and evaluate the structure and strength of behavioral biases, both at an individual level and with each other. The results show evidence of these biases in the decision-making process of all teachers surveyed, as well as a strong relationship between the components of knowledge, behavior, and financial attitudes, confirming its relevance to the proper decision-making, being consistent with the scientific literature addressed. Additionally, it is intended to contribute of great importance to the research line of behavioral finance, to base strategies and solutions for strengthening knowledge in this area of research
Transforming Language Acquisition: A Comprehensive Study on the Synergistic Integration of Traditional and Digital Methodologies to Enhance Learner Engagement and Skill Development
Get PDFThis study investigates the evolving paradigm of language acquisition, juxtaposing traditional learning methodologies with contemporary digital approaches. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the research engaged a sample of 1,000 participants, including both language learners and educators, to gather comprehensive insights into their preferences and experiences. Data were collected through structured surveys and semi-structured interviews, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the perceived effectiveness of various instructional strategies.The findings reveal a marked preference for a blended learning approach that harnesses the strengths of both traditional and digital methods. Specifically, traditional methodologies are found to be more effective in developing speaking and listening skills, while digital platforms are preferred for vocabulary enhancement and reading comprehension. These results underscore the necessity for a holistic approach to language learning that integrates the benefits of face-to-face interaction, cultural immersion, and structured learning with the flexibility and accessibility afforded by digital technologies. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of adaptability in language instruction, suggesting that educators should tailor their approaches to meet the diverse needs of learners in a rapidly changing educational landscape. Practical recommendations are provided for both learners and educators to optimize the language acquisition process in this digital age, including strategies for effectively integrating technology into traditional curricula and fostering meaningful human connections within the learning environment
Inégalités de Genre et Anémie des Femmes en Union dans les Provinces de Cibitoke et Kirundo (Nord-Ouest et Nord du Burundi)
Get PDFContexte : La prévalence de l’anémie chez les femmes en âge de procréer est de 52,5% dans la province de Cibitoke et de 60,4% dans celle de Kirundo, ce qui dépasse largement la moyenne nationale de 39%. Objectif : Cette étude vise à expliquer cette forte prévalence en analysant l’incidence des inégalités de genre. Méthodologie : Par la régression logistique binomiale, l’étude analyse les données collectées auprès de 270 et 276 femmes en union, de Cibitoke et de Kirundo, respectivement, qui ont accepté de se soumettre au test d'hémoglobines lors de l'Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Burundi (EDSB 2016-2017). Résultats : À Cibitoke, les femmes dont les maris décident seuls des gros achats pour la maison sont plus de 4 fois plus susceptibles d'être anémiées que celles qui sont impliquées dans ces décisions. À Kirundo, les femmes dont les maris décident seuls de l'utilisation de l'argent qu'ils ont gagné sont près de 2,5 fois plus susceptibles d'être anémiées que celles qui prennent ces décisions conjointement avec leurs maris. Conclusion : Ces résultats indiquent qu’au-delà de la suprématie masculine consacrée par le patriarcat burundais, les femmes sont victimes de violences économiques basées sur le genre dans ces provinces. Face aux conjoints qui dilapident les ressources des ménages dans des relations de concubinage et de polygamie, les femmes s'adaptent mal aux dynamiques familiales dans un contexte de changement climatique et de mutations rurales. D’où leur vulnérabilité vis-à-vis de l'anémie.
Background: The prevalence of anemia among women of childbearing age is 52.5% in the province of Cibitoke and 60.4% in Kirundo, well above the national average of 39%. Objective: This study aims to explain this high prevalence by analyzing the incidence of gender inequalities. Methodology: Using binomial logistic regression, the study analyzes data collected from 270 and 276 women in the union, from Cibitoke and Kirundo respectively, who agreed to undergo hemoglobin testing during the Demographic and Health Survey of Burundi (DHSB 2016-2017). Results: In Cibitoke, women whose husbands make alone decision on major household purchases are more than 4 times more likely to be anemic than those who are involved in these decisions. In Kirundo, women who live in households where one of the partners decides alone how to use the money earned by the husband are almost 2.5 times more likely to suffer from anemia than those who make these decisions jointly within the couple. Conclusion: These results indicate that, over and above the male supremacy patriarchy, women are victims of gender-based economic violence in these provinces. Faced with spouses who squander household resources in concubinage and polygamy, women adapt themselves hardly to family dynamics in the context of climate change and rural mutations. This makes them vulnerable to anemia
Post-Devolution Household Healthcare Expenditures in Rural Kenya
Get PDFIntroduction: Despite improvements in a country's income during the era of decentralization, catastrophic expenditures persist. This study aimed to establish the determinants of household healthcare expenditures in rural Kenya. Methods: The study utilized data from the Kenya Household Health Expenditure and Utilization Survey (2018). A multiple regression model was employed to estimate the impact of respective determinants on post-devolution health expenditures in rural Kenya. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation technique was adopted. Results: The gender of respondents, marital status, medical insurance, and chronic illness were found to be positively related to health expenditures, whereas education levels (primary, secondary, and higher levels) and wealth index (second and third wealth quintiles) were significant predictors but had a negative relationship with health expenditures. Recommendations: The study suggests promoting gender equality in healthcare access and implementing incentives and training programs to encourage men to practice preventive care, thereby reducing hospital visits. Additionally, the study recommends the creation and implementation of awareness programs across organizations, schools, and government agencies. Empowerment programs should be established to help the population lower hospital visits, consequently reducing healthcare expenditures. Furthermore, the government should increase the number of public health facilities to enhance access to subsidized services in rural areas
Effets de quelques méthodes agroécologiques de lutte contre les insectes ravageurs et sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendement du niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, (Fabaceae)
Get PDFL’une des contraintes liées à la production du niébé, est la pression exercée par les insectes ravageurs. La présente étude menée dans le village Rouwan Chabara (département de Mirriah), entre dans le cadre de la gestion agroécologiques des ravageurs de culture du niébé. L’objectif général de cette étude est de mettre en évidence les effets des biopesticides sur les insectes ravageurs du niébé. L’essai a été conduit selon un dispositif expérimental à trois (3) répétitions. Au total 5 traitements ont été testés. Les données sur les paramètres morphologiques de plants ont été collectées par parcelle et par traitement. L’inventaire d’entomofaune pendant l’étude a permis de recenser les insectes tels que les pucerons (Aphis craccivora Koch), les punaises brunes (Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal), les thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb.) et M. vitrata. Les plants traités avec les feuilles de papayer ont été faiblement attaquées par les ravageurs (21,83 plants attaqués) et présentent le rendement le plus élevé (422,11 kg/ha) comparé avec le témoin (266,66 kg/ha). Ces résultats montrent que malgré la présence des ravageurs sur la culture du niébé, les biopesticides ont réduit les dégâts des ravageurs et des maladies sur les feuilles, les gousses du niébé ce qui a permis d’obtenir un rendement meilleur par rapport au témoin (sans traitement). A l’issue de cette étude, on peut recommander aux producteurs l’usage de biopesticides à base des feuilles de papaye (Carica papaya) et bouses de vache localement disponibles pour promouvoir une production agroécologiquement durable
One of the constraints related to cowpea production is the pressure exerted by insect pests. This study, conducted in the village of Rouwan Chabara (Mirriah department), is part of the agroecological management of cowpea pests. The general objective of this study is to highlight the effects of biopesticides on cowpea insect pests. The trial was conducted using an experimental design with three (3) replicates. A total of 5 treatments were tested. Data on plant morphological parameters were collected per plot and per treatment. The entomofauna inventory during the study made it possible to identify insects such as aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch), brown bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal), thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb.) and M. vitrata. Plants treated with papaya leaves were weakly attacked by pests (21.83 plants attacked) and had the highest yield (422.11 kg/ha) compared with the control (266.66 kg/ha). These results show that despite the presence of pests on the cowpea crop, biopesticides reduced the damage of pests and diseases on the leaves and pods of the cowpea, which allowed them to obtain a better yield compared to the control (without treatment). At the end of this study, we can recommend to producers the use of biopesticides based on papaya leaves (Carica papaya) and locally available cow dung to promote agroecologically sustainable production
Integrating Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Writing Proficiency: An Exploratory Study of EFL Students’ and Instructors’ Perspectives at a University Level in Lebanon
Get PDFThis paper focuses on scrutinizing the attitudes and opinions of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners and instructors on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in a writing skills course at a university level in Lebanon. Specifically, it examines AI as a pedagogical tool that provides personalized learning, supplies consistency in evaluation, furnishes enhanced feedback quality by offering detailed, instant feedback on grammar, style, and structure, and helping students refine their writing more efficiently. Moreover, it furnishes instructors with adaptive activities and assessments, thus making writing more engaging and more effective. It also seeks to evaluate students’ and instructors’ perspectives on AI’s vigorous role in learning. In this exploratory study, a mixed-method design and a convenient sampling of participants were utilized. A total of 51 EFL students and 8 instructors at the American University of Science and Technology in Lebanon during the spring semester of 2023-2024 participated in the study. To describe and quantify their perceptions of integrating AI in a writing course, two online surveys, including closed-ended and open-ended questions, and four focus group discussions were administered. The overall qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data indicated that Lebanese EFL students and instructors have positive attitudes towards integrating AI in a writing course as a pedagogical tool and as a fundamental part of the teaching strategies in EFL higher education classes since it provides helpful resources and aids learners to write effectively and build their self-confidence. However, the findings also revealed the need to train instructors and students to use AI technologies, keeping in mind the indispensable role of the instructor in class and the need for students to unleash their creativity
Re-imagining the Role of Postgraduate Research towards a Research-Intensive University in Namibia
Get PDFThis paper explores the role of postgraduate research in contributing to and achieving a research-intensive university in Namibia, focusing on innovation and national development. Globally, research is widely recognized as a key driver of innovation and development, and universities play a crucial role in exposing students to research processes while researchers carry out research to address national challenges. However, to achieve innovation and contribute to national developmental goals, state funding is crucial for research activities in universities. According to Namibia's Vision 2030, which outlines a goal of becoming an industrialized society with healthy, empowered, innovative, confident, and determined citizens, research is seen as a key factor in driving national progress. The Ministry of Higher Education has developed policies to enable strong research and innovation systems, while universities have adopted policies to promote research for innovation and development. Despite these policies and endeavors, University of Namibia (UNAM) is ranked 16th out of the top 100 universities in Africa and falls short in international research and publication rankings. Therefore, this paper aims to address the following objectives: (a) to understand UNAM’s strategies for promoting research for innovation and national development, (b) to conceptualize research-intensive universities, (c) to analyze UNAM’s research policies and funding opportunities, and (d) to assess the role of postgraduate research in achieving a research-intensive university in Namibia. This conceptual paper's main goal is to investigate UNAM’s ideas on postgraduate research's role in becoming a research-intensive institution and its benefits to creativity and economic growth. This approach enables a discourse that can lead to a potential research framework that may assist UNAM’s efforts to establish a research-intensive university environment, to contribute towards the realisation of Namibia’s National Development Goals
Absence du père, développement affectif et performances scolaires de l’enfant au Burkina Faso
Get PDFCet article a pour objectif d’explorer le lien entre l'absence du père, le développement affectif et les performances scolaires des enfants Burkinabè. Un échantillon de 60 enfants (filles et garçons), âgés de 5 à 7 ans, répartis entre ceux vivant avec leurs deux parents biologiques et ceux vivant dans des familles monoparentales ou recomposées, a été interrogé. La méthode mixte, combinant la démarche qualitative et quantitative a été utilisée. Ainsi, le recueil des données a été fait à partir d’un questionnaire adressé aux élèves, d’analyses documentaires et d’entretiens avec six (6) enseignants et quatre (4) agents sociaux. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l’impact de l’absence du père biologique de la famille de résidence de l’enfant sur le développement affectif et les performances scolaires de celui-ci même si la monoparentalité bien gérée par la mère peut conduire à de bons résultats scolaires. L’absence du père biologique affecte plus le développement affectif des garçons que des filles. Son effet sur les performances scolaires est plus significatif chez les garçons que chez les filles. Les pères doivent témoigner de leur présence qualitative auprès de leurs enfants au même titre que les mères pour que leur développement affectif soit harmonieux et leurs performances scolaires satisfaisantes.
This article aims to explore the link between father absence, emotional development, and academic performance in Burkinabe children. A sample of 60 children (girls and boys), aged 5 to 7, divided between those living with both biological parents and those living in single-parent or blended families, was interviewed. A mixed method, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, was used. Data collection was based on a questionnaire administered to students, documentary analyses, and interviews with six (6) teachers and four (4) social workers. The results highlight the impact of the absence of the biological father from the child's family of residence on the child's emotional development and academic performance, even though well-managed single-parenting by the mother can lead to good academic results. The absence of the biological father affects the emotional development of boys more than girls. Its effect on academic performance is more significant for boys than for girls. Fathers must demonstrate a high-quality presence with their children, just as much as mothers, to ensure their emotional development is harmonious and their academic performance satisfactory