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Vécu de la réalité post-carcérale et réinsertion socioprofessionnelle des ex-détenus de la prison centrale de Yaoundé
Full text linkÀ la prison centrale de Yaoundé, on note une absence totale de suivi postpénal notamment l’existence des centres de replacement des détenus à leur sortie de prison. En conséquence, les anciens pensionnaires éprouvent de nombreuses difficultés à se réinsérer après leur séjour en milieu carcéral. Ces lacunes témoignent d’une forme de dissonance cognitive entre les textes et le contexte. Dans ces conditions, comment être ex-détenu, faire face au vécu de la réalité post-carcérale et se réinsérer avec succès dans la vie socioprofessionnelle? Pour répondre à cette interrogation, la recherche s’est fondée sur des enquêtes, par entretiens et questionnaires, effectuées auprès d’un échantillon de 50 ex-détenus sélectionnés à partir de la technique d’échantillonnage accidentelle associée à la méthode boule de neige. De l’analyse des résultats, il ressort que l’inexistence des structures d’accompagnement post-carcérales, l’exclusion sociale et la situation économique ambiante du pays ont une incidence sur la réinsertion des ex-détenus.
At Yaoundé Central Prison Yaoundé, there is a total lack of post-prison follow-up, particularly the existence of outplacement centres for prisoners on their release from prison. As a result, former inmates face many difficulties in reintegrating into society after their stay in prison. These shortcomings reflect a form of cognitive dissonance between the texts and the context. Under these conditions, how can you be an ex-prisoner, deal with the post-prison reality post-prison reality and successfully reintegrate into socio-professional life? life? To answer this question, the research was based on interviews and questionnaires carried out with a sample of 50 ex-prisoners selected using the accidental sampling technique snowball method. Analysis of the results the non-existence of post-prison support structures, social exclusion, and the country's economic situation have an impact on the reintegration of ex-prisoners
Morbidity and Mortality in Rectal Surgery: A Study of 25 Cases in Casablanca
Full text linkRectal surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for many rectal pathologies, whether benign or malignant. However, postoperative complications can significantly impact the prognosis of patients. This retrospective study aimed to investigate morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery over a two-year period at the Department of Digestive Cancer Surgery and Hepatic Transplantation of Ibn Rochd University Hospital (CHU) in Casablanca, Morocco. Among 62 patients, the average age was 61.98 ± 10.2 years (mean ± SD), with a female-to-male ratio of 1.5. Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 40.3% and 12%, respectively. Postoperative complications primarily included surgical site infections (40%) and urinary infections (20%), while long-term complications comprised incisional hernias (20%) and sexual problems (8%). The primary cause of mortality was intraoperative hemorrhage (8%) (Almatroudi, 2020). Factors influencing morbidity and mortality included age, BMI, comorbidities, type of intervention, and the benign or malignant nature of the pathology. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 88% of patients and should be considered a key factor influencing outcomes, as it may contribute to better tumor control and reduce the extent of surgical resections required (Gado et al., 2014). The small sample size of this study may limit the statistical significance of the findings. Further research with a larger cohort is necessary to corroborate these results
Factors Influencing Farmers’ Knowledge, Capacity, and Practice of Conservation Agriculture in Bangladesh
Full text linkConservation Agriculture (CA) is an alternative to the conventional farming system, which is considered a way of achieving climate-smart agriculture. Despite various CA support programs and promotional activities in Bangladesh, a major portion of CA farmers are reluctant to continue CA farming. This research aimed to reveal the extent and difficulties of continuing the practice and the gap between farmers’ knowledge, ability, and performance. To collect data, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 201 CA-adopting farmers from northern districts, namely Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Dinajpur. Results show that, among all components of CA practices in the area, most of the farmers regularly practice minimum tillage. The results also indicate that average income, access to and availability of machinery, and the knowledge gap are all commonly significant and have a big effect on the three dependent variables: the can-do gap, the know-can gap, and the know gap. The evidence indicates that reducing these gaps requires subsidies for resource-poor farmers and easy access to the machinery needed for CA practice. Public or private investments, or a combination of both, can effectively reduce these gaps
Addressing the self-directed learning culture gap in Kenya's Junior School Science Curriculum
Full text linkThis is a philosophical study and involves conceptual analysis of existing documents on Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC), Kenya’s curriculum reforms and self-directed learning culture (SDLC). The study mainly focuses on how the curriculum reforms and curriculum for Kenyan CBC junior schools integrate science, and the current theoretical instructional model has promoted the development of SDLC. The data collected and analyzed is theoretical. This conceptual analysis applies the Kantian critical judgment theory model to analyses the data collected and assess findings using the reflective self-directed instructional model (RSIM). RSIM has standard sub-themes and learning strategies used in assessing SDLC. Key sub-themes and learning strategies used as standard are self-motivation, self-reflection, self-regulation, active learning, metacognition, and collaborative community of inquiry. Key theoretical premises and claims, co-premises, propositions, and supporting evidence are developed using the categories scrutinized and analyzed. According to the analysis, the study reveals a significant gap in the integration of SDLC within the CBC reforms and curriculum design. The study, therefore, proposes a novel instructional model to address this shortfall
Japanese Short Poem Senryū’s: A Perspective from the “Superiority Theory of Humor”
Full text linkSenryū is a Japanese short poem written in 5-7-5 syllables and reflects the various aspects of human life in a humorous or satirical way. Every year, numerous senryū competitions covering various topics are held in Japan. Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company’s senryū competition (サラっと一句！わたしの川柳コンクール/Saratto ikku! Watashi no Senryū Konkūru) (old name: サラリーマン川柳(Sararīman Senryū/Salaryman Senryū)) is the most popular and longest-running competition in Japan. In this competition, people express what they experience daily and the difficulties they encounter in business, etc. So, in the present study, the poems compiled from Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company’s Senryū Competition in the years 1990-2020 related to family relations will be analyzed from the perspective of the Superiority Theory of Humor. This theory can be identified as a feeling oneself superior to others' mistakes and misfortunes.
In conclusion, the Superiority Theory of Humor is seen in most of the senryū poems. The topics are behind the technology and trends, which are below the beauty standards of society, such as being ugly and fat. The reader feels superior by experiencing a sudden victory that he/she has not experienced the above-mentioned bad situations himself/herself
Mehmet Rauf's Novel September: One of the first psychological novels written under the influence of Western literature and its critical analysis
Full text linkThe scientific article aims to analyze the factors provoking betrayal and the origin of remorse and to present psychological portraits of the characters in Mehmed Rauf's acclaimed novel September. As some literary critics suggest, it is considered to be the first psychological novel in Turkish literature of the Servet-i-Funun period. The novel is written under the influence of literary tendencies dominant in that period. Therefore, the theoretical framework chosen for the analysis of the novel is Naturalism and Experimental Realism, which addresses different aspects of human lives, such as history, culture and social class. The novel bears clear features of Naturalism, such as objectivism, and a discrete description of characters and societies. The article applies the method of content analysis and critical study of the scientific literature related to the novel itself and the analysis of new tendencies in Turkish literature. Based directly on the novel's text, the article studies the reasons and the source of elusive marital infidelity, its impact on the characters, and the tormenting feelings caused by remorse. New psychological motives that appear in the novel September could be considered as an original phenomenon in Turkish literature in the period around 1900; Though the end of the novel is tragic, the characters of September are forgiven for their “misdeeds” as the death of the main hero purifies their sins
La logistique amont et son incidence sur l’informalité et la durabilité de la filière cacao dans le Haut-Sassandra, Côte d’Ivoire
Full text linkLa Côte d’Ivoire est première productrice et la plus grande transformatrice de cacao au monde. La région du haut-Sassandra en est sa deuxième zone de production. Cependant, les grands paradigmes industriels tels que le cluster qui est un regroupement géographique d’industries complémentaires, ne se constate pas dans ce pays. En effet, cette région grande productrice de cacao, n’enregistre aucune usine de transformation. Elle est seulement une zone d’approvisionnement où est appliquée la logistique amont. Cela traduit une cassure dans la chaîne des valeurs de la filière cacao où la logistique amont, la logistique de production et la logistique de distribution, sont géographiquement séparées. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la logistique amont du Cacao dans le Haut-Sassandra. Pour ce faire, la méthodologie appliquée s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée auprès des acteurs des secteurs concernés en plus d’une étude documentaire. Essentiellement, un questionnaire a été administré aux acteurs de terrain que sont les agriculteurs, les magasiniers et les pisteurs. Puis, des entretiens directifs ont été menés auprès des responsables d’entrepôts de stockages et d’achats de produits, des responsables syndicaux agricoles et du Conseil Café-Cacao. Il ressort de cette démarche que l’approvisionnement du cacao est externalisé par les firmes pivots ; leurs stratégies acquisitives aboutissent à la durabilité et à la formalisation progressive de la filière. Ainsi dans cet élan futuriste, cette étude qui dévoile les réalités profondes de la filière cacao dans le Haut-Sassandra, affiche les conditions de son développement pour le bien-être des populations et de l’environnement.
Ivory Coast is the leading producer and largest processor of cocoa in the world. The Haut-Sassandra region is its second production area. However, major industrial paradigms such as the cluster, which is a geographical grouping of complementary industries, are not found in this country. In fact, this major cocoa-producing region does not have any processing factories. It is only a supply zone where upstream logistics is applied. This reflects a break in the value chain of the cocoa sector, where upstream logistics, production logistics, and distribution logistics are geographically separated. This could create a problem coordinating the “need/supply/production” triptych. The objective of this study is to analyze the upstream logistics of cocoa in Haut-Sassandra. To do this, the methodology applied is based on a field survey carried out among stakeholders in the sectors concerned, in addition to a documentary study. Essentially, a questionnaire was administered to field stakeholders such as farmers, storekeepers and trackers. Then, directive interviews were conducted with managers of storage warehouses and product purchases, agricultural union leaders and the Coffee-Cocoa Council. It appears from this approach that the supply of cocoa is outsourced by the pivotal companies; their acquisitive strategies lead to sustainability and the progressive formalization of the sector. In addition, the transportation, storage and handling of beans remain precarious
Anomalies du cordon ombilical : aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et pronostiques à la maternité du centre hospitalier régional Kara en 2023
Full text linkIntroduction : les anomalies du cordon ombilical (ACO) sont responsables de morbidité et de mortalité périnatales. L’objectif de l’étude était d’étudier les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et pronostiques des anomalies du cordon ombilical. Méthode : il s’est agi d’une série de cas collectée du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2024 à la maternité du centre hospitalier régional de Kara. Tout nouveau-né ayant présenté une anomalie du cordon ombilical a été inclu. Les données ont été traitées avec le logiciel Rstudio. Résultats : la fréquence des ACO était de 16,02% (219 cas/1367 accouchements). L’âge médian des mères était de 26,5 ans. Elles étaient multipares (44,29%) et référées (54,79%). Elles étaient admises pour travail d’accouchement dans 33,33%. Le diagnostic des ACO a été fait lors de l’accouchement dans 95,89%. Le circulaire du cordon était l’anomalie la plus fréquente (93,15%). La voie d’accouchement était statistiquement associée au nombre de tours de circulaire (p=0,0009). La mortalité périnatale était de 6,85%. Le score d’Apgar n’était pas statistiquement associé ni au type d’ACO (p=1) ni au nombre de tours de circulaire (p=0,69). Conclusion : la surveillance rigoureuse du travail d’accouchement est indispensable pour détecter tôt les anomalies du cordon ombilical pour une prise en charge efficiente.
The umbilical cord is the nourishing rod of the fetus during pregnancy. Umbilical cord abnormalities (UCA) are responsible for perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiological, diagnostic, and prognostic aspects of umbilical cord abnormalities. Method: It was a series of cases collected from January 1 to December 31, 2024, at the maternity ward of the Kara regional hospital. Any newborn with an umbilical cord abnormality was included. The data was processed with the Rstudio software. Results: the frequency of UCA was 16.02% (219 cases/1367 deliveries). The median age of mothers was 26.5 years. They were multiparous (44.29%) and referred (54.79%). They were admitted for labour in 33.33%. The diagnosis of UCA was made during childbirth in 95.89%. The circular cord was the most frequent anomaly (93.15%). The route of delivery was statistically associated with the number of circular turns (p=0.0009). Perinatal mortality was 6.85%. The Apgar score was not statistically associated with either the type of UCA (p=1) or the number of circular turns (p=0.69). Conclusion: Rigorous monitoring of labour is essential for early detection of umbilical cord abnormalities for efficient management
Approche sociologique de l’économie de la précarité dans ville de Bouaké en Côte d’Ivoire
Full text linkL’étude porte sur l’économie de la précarité dans la ville de Bouaké, deuxième pôle urbain de la Côte d’Ivoire, caractérisé par une forte diversité ethnique, la prépondérance du secteur informel et l’impact de crises socio-politiques récentes. Son objectif principal est d’analyser les mécanismes sociologiques structurant cette économie en s’intéressant aux activités précaires (vente de vivriers, restauration, artisanat, commerce d’électronique de seconde main, travail du sexe), aux stratégies de survie des acteurs et à leur impact sur le développement urbain. Adoptant une démarche qualitative et s’appuyant sur la théorie des réseaux sociaux, l’étude mobilise l’observation participante, des entretiens semi-directifs, des focus groups et l’analyse documentaire. Les résultats montrent que l’économie précaire s’organise autour de réseaux sociaux et ethniques, avec une hiérarchisation fondée sur la rentabilité et une adaptation continue aux contraintes urbaines. Les stratégies économiques incluent la diversification des activités, le recours à des systèmes de crédit informel et la création de solidarités professionnelles. Bien que cette économie renforce les liens communautaires et stabilise le tissu social en créant des emplois informels, elle reste marquée par des défis tels que la précarité des conditions de travail, l’absence de protection sociale et la vulnérabilité aux chocs économiques.
The study focuses on the economy of precarity in the city of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire’s second-largest urban hub, characterized by significant ethnic diversity, a predominant informal sector, and the lasting effects of recent socio-political crises. The main objective is to analyze the sociological mechanisms underpinning this economy, examining precarious activities (selling foodstuffs, street food, artisanal work, second-hand electronics trade, and sex work), survival strategies, and their impact on urban development. Using a qualitative approach grounded in network theory, the study employs participant observation, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and document analysis. Findings reveal that the precarious economy is structured around social and ethnic networks, with activities ranked by profitability and continuous adaptation to urban constraints. Economic strategies include activity diversification, reliance on informal credit systems, and the establishment of professional solidarities. While this economy strengthens community bonds and provides informal employment, it faces persistent challenges, such as precarious working conditions, lack of social protection, and vulnerability to economic shocks
Framing the Decision: An Experimental Study on Managerial Judgements Post-Leadership Training
Full text linkThis study was designed to contribute to the literature on behavioral economics and managerial psychology by investigating the influence of cognitive biases on decision-making processes. The research experimentally examines how managerial investment decisions may vary when identical market information is framed positively or negatively (framing effect). The study involved a total of 45 managers employed at a university. Participants first received a four-hour leadership training and were then randomly divided into two groups. Each group was presented with identical investment content, but framed differently. One group received information emphasizing investment opportunities (positive framing), while the other was exposed to risk- and uncertainty-oriented expressions (negative framing). Participants were asked to respond to the question “Should the company enter the market under these conditions?” with a simple “yes” or “no” and provide a brief justification for their decision.
The quantitative findings revealed no statistically significant difference between the positively and negatively framed groups (χ² ≈ 0.045, p > .05). However, content analysis of open-ended responses showed that the underlying arguments were shaped in a frame-sensitive manner. While the positive framing group focused on opportunity-oriented reasoning, the negative framing group emphasized risk avoidance themes. These results are consistent with Tversky and Kahneman’s (1981) prospect theory and Loewenstein’s (2001) risk-as-feelings hypothesis. Furthermore, the leadership training appears to have mitigated the framing effect. The study highlights the impact of cognitive awareness and presentation style on managerial decisions and provides important evidence suggesting that such cognitive biases can be reduced through training