European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)
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Cultural Values and Retail Investor Behavior under Market Volatility: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis (2002–2021)
Get PDFThis study examines how national culture influences financial market development and volatility across 18 countries from 2002 to 2021. Integrating Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, particularly Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) and Individualism (IDV), with market indicators such as capitalization, trading volume, and turnover, the analysis explores how socio-cultural factors interact with global risk conditions measured by the VIX index. Using fixed-effects and dynamic panel regressions, the results show that higher individualism is associated with deeper and more liquid markets, while greater uncertainty avoidance constrains trading intensity but supports more stable capitalization. Global volatility negatively affects liquidity, yet its impact is moderated by cultural characteristics, with stronger effects observed in emerging economies. These findings highlight that financial development is not purely institutional or macroeconomic but also culturally embedded. The study underscores the importance of tailoring financial policies to societal norms to enhance market efficiency and resilience amid global uncertainty
Viral Utterances of Grief and Empathy: A Case Study of Two Major Moments of Social Shock in Bangladesh (2024–25)
Get PDFIn the modern era of accessible digital technology, certain spontaneous utterances of common folks, spoken in moments of distress, moral dilemma, or crisis, reach wide audiences through social media like Facebook and become viral expressions of collective emotion, grievance, or solidarity. This study examines how four viral utterances from two major moments of social shock in Bangladesh, which happened in July 2024 (student uprising regarding a political issue) and in 2025 (the Milestone School aircraft tragedy), became viral and transformed into symbols of social justice, human rights advocacy, and public consciousness. Using discourse analysis, cultural semiotics, and affect theory, the study analyzes how expressions such as “Pani lagbe, pani?”, “Why have you killed my son?” “They are my children too...” and “I knew you would come” became markers of moral courage, solidarity, and public grief. To complement the qualitative analysis, a short questionnaire was distributed among 86 university students to explore how these utterances were interpreted and how users perceive the role of Facebook in transforming private emotions into public symbols. Responses on a 5-point Likert scale reveal that participants overwhelmingly viewed these utterances as expressions of empathy, resistance to inequality, and calls for social justice rather than mere personal cries of distress. The findings demonstrate that viral speech acts in Bangladesh’s digital public sphere can mobilize emotional communities, amplify marginalized voices, and contribute to broader discourses on human rights and peacebuilding
Migration and Immobility in Afghanistan: Understanding Drivers, Consequences, and Their Implications for Peace
Get PDFThis study examines both processes of migration and immobility in Afghanistan by focusing on two groups: Afghans currently residing within the country and Afghan migrants living abroad in Türkiye, Australia, the United States, Pakistan, India, Kyrgyzstan, and France. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, a purposive snowball sampling strategy was employed; two separate 20-question surveys were developed to assess demographics, drivers of migration or immobility, and the resulting impacts on participants’ lives. The questionnaires were provided in English and Dari to maximize accessibility, and data were collected from 56 respondents aged 18 and above (n=34 residing in Afghanistan; n=22 residing abroad) during May and June of 2023. The study concludes that both migration and immobility significantly impact employment, income, social life, mental health, well-being, and access to public services, including healthcare, education, and legal services. Furthermore, migration and immobility influence the sending and receiving of remittances, the overall living situation of Afghans, and the broader prospects for peace. This study fills the gap in immobility literature within the context of Afghanistan and contributes to a deeper understanding of the drivers and consequences of population movement and its implications for peace. In light of the post-August 2021 migration wave, this study provides data for policymakers and academics in the fields of migration, immobility, and peace studies, while advocating for support for both migrants and those who remain in the country
Distorted Values, Disturbed Minds? Who Are We Becoming Online? Digital Disorientation and the Quest for Inner Peace
Get PDFIn today’s hyper-digital environment, peace can no longer be reduced to the absence of physical conflict–it must also include the preservation of mental clarity, ethical orientation, and emotional stability. The study investigates the phenomenon of digital disorientation in Georgia, where rapid digitization, globalized media flows, and limited media literacy intersect to challenge individuals’ psychological resilience and moral coherence. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach that integrates 180 survey responses and 12 in-depth interviews, the study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs/QCA) to identify the configurations of digital behavior, emotional stress, and coping strategies that contribute to or protect from the erosion of peace of mind across generations. Findings reveal that high screen time, emotional overwhelm, and value confusion, particularly when combined with weak coping mechanisms, are consistently associated with reduced psychological stability. In contrast, the presence of deliberate coping strategies and a sense of ethical clarity mitigates digital overload, even among high-use individuals. Qualitative insights further highlight generational contrasts in media interpretation, emotional response, and moral negotiation. The research emphasizes the need to reconceptualize peacebuilding for the digital age–repositioning ethical clarity and psychological resilience as essential pillars of 21st-century peacebuilding
Le « Songô », un espace d’interactions et de promotion du vivre-ensemble chez les Koulango de Yézimala (Nord-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFCet article interroge les principes du vivre-ensemble à travers la fête traditionnelle « Songô » chez les Koulango de Yézimala. Il cherche à comprendre comment le « Songô », par son déroulement, constitue un espace communicationnel et un outil de cohésion sociale, dans un contexte de conflits de plus en plus récurrents au sein des sociétés traditionnelles ivoiriennes. L’étude analyse également l’implication des entités villageoises de Yézimala et de celles soumises à son autorité coutumière dans la création de cet espace culturel atypique. Elle s’appuie sur des entretiens individuels semi-directifs auprès de personnes ressources. Au plan théorique, elle mobilise le culturalisme et le fonctionnalisme. Les résultats révèlent une triple importance du « Songô » pour les populations rurales étudiées. D’abord, lié au récit historique de création du village de Yézimala et de ceux sous son autorité, le « Songô » fait appel, dans son déroulement, à des rites et symboles ancestraux perpétués depuis des générations. Il s’achève par des actes de réconciliation essentiels à la cohésion sociale, ferment du vivre-ensemble. Le travail met ainsi en lumière cette fête traditionnelle comme un outil de communication remplissant des fonctions de socialisation, de prévention et de résolution des conflits.
This article examines the principles of living together through the traditional festival “Songô” among the Koulango people of Yézimala. It seeks to understand how the “Songô” festival, through its process, constitutes a communication space and a tool for social cohesion, in a context of increasingly recurrent conflicts within traditional Ivorian societies. The study also analyzes the involvement of the village entities of Yézimala and those under its customary authority in the creation of this atypical cultural space. It is based on semi-structured individual interviews with key informants. On a theoretical level, it mobilizes culturalism and functionalism. The results reveal a threefold importance of the “Songô” for the studied rural populations.Firstly, linked to the historical narrative of the creation of the village of Yézimala and those under its authority, the “Songô”, in its unfolding, calls upon ancestral rites and symbols perpetuated for generations, concluding with acts of reconciliation necessary for social cohesion, which is the bedrock of living together in society. The work thus discovers this traditional festival as a communication tool in its functions of socialization, prevention, and conflict resolution
Impact de la dynamique des exportations sur la qualité des infrastructures de transport en Afrique subsaharienne
Get PDFL’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’impact de la dynamique des exportations sur la qualité des infrastructures de transport dans 32 pays d’Afrique subsaharienne sur la période 2009–2019. Pour ce faire, un modèle ARDL dynamique de panel a été utilisé. Des tests préliminaires, notamment ceux de Pédroni (2004) et Westerlund (2007), ont révélé l’existence d’une relation de cointégration à long terme entre les séries considérées. Les résultats montrent que les coefficients estimés sur les exportations et sur le taux de croissance du PIB sont positifs et statistiquement significatifs à la fois à court et à long terme. Par ailleurs, à long terme, les indicateurs institutionnels, tels que la stabilité politique et le contrôle de la corruption, exercent un impact positif et significatif sur l’indice de qualité des infrastructures (routes, aéroports et ports). L’utilisation de méthodes d’estimation complémentaires, telles que les moindres carrés entièrement modifiés (FMOLS) et les moindres carrés ordinaires dynamiques (DOLS), a permis de confirmer la robustesse des résultats. Ces conclusions suggèrent que la croissance des exportations, lorsqu’elle est accompagnée d’institutions solides, contribue significativement à l’amélioration de la qualité des infrastructures de transport en Afrique subsaharienne, soulignant ainsi le rôle des échanges commerciaux et de la gouvernance dans le développement des infrastructures.
This article examines the impact of export dynamics on the quality of transport infrastructure in 32 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2009–2019. The analysis is conducted within the framework of a dynamic panel ARDL model. Preliminary cointegration tests, namely those of Pedroni (2004) and Westerlund (2007), confirm the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The empirical results reveal that exports and GDP growth exert positive and statistically significant effects on infrastructure quality both in the short and long run. In addition, institutional factors, particularly political stability and control of corruption, are found to enhance infrastructure quality in the long run. Robustness checks performed using fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) corroborate these findings. The evidence suggests that sustained export growth, when accompanied by strong institutional frameworks, plays a crucial role in improving the quality of transport infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa. These results highlight the complementary role of trade expansion and governance in fostering infrastructure development
Navigating Strategic Waters: Hydropolitical Disputes and Pathways to Peace in South Asia’s Indus and GangesBrahmaputra River Basins
Get PDFSouth Asia’s Indus and Ganges-Brahmaputra river basins, vital for over 1.9 billion people across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan, are flashpoints for hydropolitical conflicts driven by geopolitical tensions, competing water demands, and climate change. India’s 2025 suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) amid the Kashmir dispute has disrupted data-sharing and arbitration, escalating India-Pakistan tensions. Concurrently, India-Bangladesh disputes persist over the Ganges Water Sharing Treaty’s 2026 expiration, the unresolved Teesta River issue, and China’s upstream Brahmaputra damming. Secondary data from policy documents, diplomatic records (2015–2025), hydrological reports, and academic literature indicate that 68% of stakeholders support regional cooperation, yet mistrust and India’s upstream dominance hinder progress. Climate change, with glacial melt and erratic monsoons, exacerbates water insecurity. This study advocates for neutral mediation, data transparency, and climate-resilient governance, with targeted peacebuilding strategies for India-Pakistan and India-Bangladesh, to transform conflicts into cooperative opportunities. Without urgent diplomatic efforts, these disputes pose a threat to regional stability. This study is primarily based on a thematic analysis approach and incorporates discourse where relevant. Drawing on scholarly insights, principal findings reveal the potential of environmental peacebuilding, joint data sharing, and regional platforms to transform water conflicts into opportunities for collaboration
Evaluating the Role of Digital Financial Services in Enhancing Efficiency and Accessibility of Social Safety Net Programs in Bangladesh
Get PDFThis study examines traditional and existing distribution channels and scrutinizes the effects of Digital Financial Services (DFSs) on delivering Social Safety Net (SSN) benefits. Researchers conducted a field study in the Sylhet Division, which is one of the largest digital areas in Bangladesh; however, there has been a large digitalization drive in the Sylhet Division, especially with the Sylhet City Corporation at the forefront of a mission towards a digital Sylhet. The researchers collected data from 100 respondents, including students, entrepreneurs, government officials, teachers, SSN beneficiaries, and local representatives, using a simple random sampling technique. To improve the theoretical foundation, this study reviewed secondary published materials such as journal articles, books, book chapters, and conference papers. The survey data were analysed using SPSS software, with illustrations of the variables and characteristics. The study findings revealed that traditional banking channels for distributing SSN benefits were ineffective owing to higher costs, mismanagement, corruption, and complexity. Hence, the digital means of financial benefits to the beneficiaries of SSNs function well with the complement of faster service, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. However, privacy threats, lack of technical knowledge, and risk management issues are prime concerns for the effective operation of DFS to accelerate the benefits of SSNs. The study findings will help researchers, policymakers, and beneficiaries, as well as overcome the existing challenges of DFS in effectively providing SSN benefits
Incidence de la santé psychologique sur la culture de sécurité au travail Etude menée à MMG/Kinsevere/RDC
Get PDFCette étude examine la relation entre la santé psychologique et la sécurité au travail chez les employés de l’entreprise Mining Mineral General/Kinsevere en République démocratique du Congo(2022–2024). Elle se base sur des données recueillies sur 55 employés des ateliers de MMG/Kinsevere par l’entremise de la méthode d'enquête psychosociale et de technique du questionnaire. Les données ont été analysées grâce au test du chi carré pour déterminer l'indépendance. Les résultats de cette recherche suggèrent que, l’estime de soi ou la valorisation de soi, l’épanouissement, l’équilibre de vie de niveau de stress sont les facteurs de la santé psychologique les plus importants qui corrèlent avec les règles de la sécurité au travail. Ces résultats s’expliquent par le fait que l’entreprise a fait de la sécurité au travail une priorité zéro, en soulignant « qu’une aucune tâche n’est si importante plus que la sécurité au travail, d’où il faut toujours réfléchir avant d’agir », à cela s’ajoutent l’égalité raciale, le respect de la dignité humaines et la liberté de la parole au travail.
This study examines the relationship between psychological health and occupational safety among employees of the Mining Mineral General/Kinsevere company in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2022–2024). It is based on data collected from 55 employees of MMG/Kinsevere workshops using the psychosocial survey method and questionnaire technique. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test to determine independence. The results of this research suggest that self-esteem or self-worth, fulfillment, life balance and stress level are the most important psychological health factors that correlate with occupational safety rules. These results are explained by the fact that the company has made workplace safety a zero priority, emphasizing that "no task is more important than workplace safety, hence one must always think before acting", in addition to racial equality, respect for human dignity and freedom of speech at work
Approches pédagogiques de l'interférence linguistique dans l'enseignement supérieur : une proposition de curriculum
Get PDFCette étude explore la question de l'interférence linguistique chez les futurs enseignants de français dans les écoles primaires libanaises. La recherche vise à démontrer comment une intervention corrective structurée, intégrée à la formation initiale des enseignants, peut atténuer les effets d'interférence et améliorer la précision pédagogique. Une approche mixte a été adoptée, impliquant 12 étudiants de deuxième année de licence à l'université libanaise (niveau A2/B1, CECR). La collecte des données comprenait un questionnaire de diagnostic évaluant la sensibilisation des étudiants aux interférences linguistiques, une session de remédiation didactique basée sur le modèle ProFLE et une enquête d'évaluation finale. L'intervention s'est concentrée sur l'identification et la correction des interférences phonétiques, lexicales et morphosyntaxiques, en utilisant des productions authentiques d'élèves et des tâches interactives. Les résultats obtenus avant l'intervention ont montré une compréhension limitée des interférences et un nombre élevé d'erreurs dues à un transfert négatif de l'arabe libanais. Les résultats post-intervention ont révélé une amélioration significative de la capacité des élèves à détecter et à expliquer les types d'interférences, à appliquer des stratégies de correction et à réfléchir à leur utilisation de la langue. L'étude conclut que l'intégration d'une remédiation linguistique ciblée dans la formation des enseignants renforce les compétences linguistiques et favorise l'efficacité professionnelle à long terme. Les implications s'étendent à la réforme des programmes, en particulier dans les contextes plurilingues, et soulignent la nécessité d'une sensibilisation précoce aux phénomènes de transfert linguistique dans les formations bilingues
This study addresses the issue of linguistic interference among prospective French teachers in Lebanese primary schools. The research shows how a structured remedial intervention, integrated into the initial teacher curriculum, can attenuate interference effects and improve pedagogical accuracy. We adopted a mixed-methods approach, involving 12 second-year undergraduate students at a Lebanese university (level A2/B1, CEFR). We collected data, which included a diagnostic questionnaire assessing students' awareness of linguistic interference, a didactic remediation session based on the “ProFLE” model, and a final assessment survey to verify our results and validate our hypothesis. The intervention focused on identifying and correcting phonetic, lexical, and morphosyntactic interference, using authentic student productions and interactive tasks. Pre-intervention results showed limited understanding of interference and a high number of errors due to negative transfer from Lebanese Arabic. Post-intervention results revealed significant improvements in students' ability to detect and explain types of interference, apply remediation strategies, and reflect on their language use. The study concludes that integrating targeted language remediation into teacher training strengthens language skills and promotes long-term professional effectiveness. The implications extend to curriculum reform, particularly in multilingual contexts, and highlight the need for early awareness of language transfer phenomena in bilingual training