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Superderivations, Cohomology and Isoclinism of Different Types of Lie Superalgebras
No full textThis thesis investigates the structure and dimension of the superderivation algebra Der(L) of a Lie superalgebra L. First, a Lie superalgebra L is considered as a direct sum of two finite-dimensional Lie superalgebras G and H which have no non-trivial common direct factor and the dimension of Der(L) of L in terms of Der(G), Der(H), Hom(G,Z(H)) and Hom(H,Z(G)) is obtained. Furthermore, a Lie superalgebra L is taken as a semidirect sum of two Lie superalgebras G and H. Then the dimension of Der(L : H) is found, which is a subsuperalgebra of Der(L). This thesis introduces the notion of 3-Lie superalgebras equipped with a pair of superderivations. Initially, a representation of a 3-Lie superalgebra is considered, which establishes the first-order cohomologies by using a pair of superderivations of 3-Lie superalgebras. This induces a Lie superalgebra and its representation. Subsequently, an abelian extension of 3-Lie superalgebras of the form 0 ! A ! L ! B ! 0 with [A,A,L] = 0 is considered, which constructs an obstruction class to the extensibility of a compatible pair of superderivations of 3-Lie superalgebras. This thesis also studies the representation of multiplicative Hom-Lie supertriple systems and determines the low-dimensional cohomologies and coboundary operators of Hom Lie supertriple systems. The central extension theory for multiplicative Hom-Lie supertriple systems is introduced. Moreover, it confirms that one-to-one correspondence exists between equivalent classes of central extensions of a multiplicative Hom-Lie supertriple system with the third cohomology group. After that, the 1-parameter formal deformation of a multiplicative Hom-Lie supertriple system using cohomology is discussed. In recent years, the notion of isoclinism has been studied for Lie superalgebras. This thesis examines some properties of isoclinism for Hom-Lie superalgebras and n-Lie superalgebras. It is shown that isoclinism and isomorphism are equivalent for Hom-Lie superalgebras and n-Lie superalgebras
Studies on the Effect of Surface Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots Towards Hen Egg White Lysozyme Amyloidogenesis
No full textAmyloids are stable, ordered, fibrillar aggregates formed by various polypeptide chains when subjected to specific environmental conditions. In vivo amyloid formation is induced by misfolding of the protein, which in turn, is influenced by mutations in the amino acid sequence. Additionally, the altered cellular environmental conditions, including a rise in temperature, high and/or low pH, oxidative stress, and increased glucose levels, make the protein lose its native conformation which eventually tend to partially unfold and aggregate. In vitro, amyloid formation can be triggered by altering certain external parameters such as pH, temperature, agitation etc. The phenomenon of protein aggregation is associated with pathological features and implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Type-II diabetes, prion diseases, and many others. Despite extensive research, an effective therapeutic strategy against amyloidosis remains elusive. In recent times, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are attaining more importance and being implemented to modulate amyloid formation. CQDs possess an advantage over other inhibitors depending on properties, including ease of synthesis, size, optical properties, high surface area to volume ratio, ease of modifications, biocompatibility, and high quantum yield. The aim of the thesis includes, firstly, synthesis of CQDs from natural sources like kitchen spices mix powder, surface functionalization with negatively and positively charged carboxyl and amine functional groups respectively through hydrothermal treatment methods, and characterization of the as-synthesized CQDs. In the second part, efforts were made to elucidate effects of the bare and surface functionalized CQDs towards the model protein “hen egg white lysozyme” (HEWL), which is reported to form amyloid under in vitro conditions. HEWL is homologous to the human lysozyme which is responsible for hereditary systemic amyloidosis. The effects of the CQDs towards HEWL amyloid formation has been monitored using several biophysical, biochemical, and microscopic methods such as thioflavin T assay, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering assay, confocal microscopy, MTT assay and ROS assay. Finally, the underlying mechanism of action of the CQDs on HEWL was elucidated by monitoring their effects on the structure and stability of HEWL. Further, the mode of interactions between the CQDs and HEWL were analyzed using various spectroscopic approaches
Adsorption And Oxidation Approach In Coking Wastewater Treatment: Material Synthesis And Process Optimization
No full textCoking wastewater originating during the coke production process in steel industry is considered to be one of the most polluting sources for industrial pollution due to presence of toxic contaminants. These toxic contaminants comprise of different compounds such as phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cyanide, ammonia, thiocyanate, and heavy metals (chromium, mercury etc.). In view of this problem, coking wastewater was collected and characterized to determine the toxicity levels and contaminants of problematic concern. Phenol, organics and chromium were selected as the target pollutants whose removal have been addressed in different phases of this research work. Low cost waste materials of environment friendly nature such as eggshells and chitosan has been used in synthesis of adsorbents to investigate its adsorption efficiency for target pollutants present in coking wastewater. Chitosan based adsorbents in the form of chitosan flakes, chitosan crosslinked tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) and magnetic chitosan beads (MCBs) were investigated in batch sorption tests and all proved successful in adsorption of phenol and organics from coking wastewater. Commercial mass production of chitosan flakes with its advantages of natural abundance, environment friendly nature, biodegradability, nontoxicity and efficiency to remove diverse pollutants makes it a promising alternative to activated carbon for treatment of coking wastewater. The modified chitosan (CS/TPP) proved to be much more efficient in adsorption of pollutants from coking wastewater. High adsorption performance, zero solubility, ease in separation and regeneration makes CS/TPP a potential candidate for compact small scale adsorption systems in treating coking wastewater. Nonlinear regression error analysis using error functions and sum of normalized errors (SNE) technique was adopted for optimization of isotherm parameters. Chitosan/calcined eggshell carbon (CS/CES) composite adsorbent was studied for the adsorptive removal of phenol in which taguchi experimental design was used for optimization of preparation process. Taguchi optimized preparation conditions of activation temperature (800℃), activation time (60 mins) and mix ratio (1:1) resulted in the maximum phenol adsorption capacity of 10.82 mg g-1. Coking wastewater was treated with activated carbon supported heterogeneous Fenton oxidation in a lab scale reactor. The process parameters were optimized using desirability approach based on response surface methodology and comparison was made between Fenton and photo Fenton in the oxidative treatment of wastewater. Simplified synthesis procedure, minimum iron leaching, less sludge production, low H2O2 consumption, lesser catalyst dose and treatment capabilities under wider pH conditions make the proposed treatment process economical and efficient. Finally, an environment friendly hybrid catalyst (CsFe@TPP/TiO2) was developed for the removal of toxic hexavalent chromium. The catalyst synthesis parameters and adsorption process were optimized using taguchi experimental design. Adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and characterization by FTIR and SEM analysis after adsorption were utilized for understanding the adsorption mechanisms. The catalyst maintained high removal efficiencies (around 80%) even after 5 reuse cycles with a maximum adsorption capacity of 82.89 mg g-1. Photocatalytic oxidative capabilities of the catalyst revealed good Cr (VI) removal under both visible (70.88%) and ultraviolet light (98.74%) in an irradiation time of 420 min
Thermo-hydraulic Performance Analysis of the Solar air Heater Duct with Various Rib-Turbulators
No full textThe maximum heat transfer with a minimal friction penalty through the solar air heater duct (SAHD) has been challenging throughout the years. However, SAHD with a ribbed absorber plate dramatically augments the heat transfer by creating turbulence in the flow. The disruptions due to turbulence are made very close to the absorber surface to keep the friction penalty at a minimum level. In the present research, the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of the SAHD with various rib-turbulators are studied. Also, the optimal roughness parameters for the maximum thermal enhancement ratio are calculated for the effective design of the SAHD. For the numerical analysis, different governing equations (Navier-Stokes equation, turbulence equation (k-ϵ equation), and energy equation) are solved using the finite volume method (FVM) based solver of ANSYS Fluent. Initially, the preliminary research is performed on the heat transfer analysis for the SAHD with a smooth absorber plate. The result shows that the thermo-hydraulic performance of the SAHD with a smooth absorber plate is not more due to the lower thermal conductivity of the air. The research is further extended for the absorber plate with quarter-circular rib-turbulators to analyze heat transfer enhancement and friction penalty through SAHD. The quarter circular rib-turbulators are placed on the absorber plate in three ways (type-1, type-2, and type-3). For the analysis, different roughness (relative roughness pitch (P/e) and relative roughness height (e/Dh)) and flow parameters (Reynolds number (Re)) are varied to study the thermo hydraulic performance. The result depicts a maximum thermal enhancement ratio of 1.88 for type-1 quarter-circular ribbed rectangular SAHD with P/e of 7.14 and e/Dh of 0.042 (fixed) at Re of 15000. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer is 1.78 times that of smooth SAHD for P/e of 7.14 and e/Dh of 0.042 at Re of 15000. Also, a maximum frictional penalty of 3.43 times that of smooth SAHD is encountered for the P/e of 7.17 and e/Dh of 0.042 at Re of 3800. A numerical investigation is also done using the inverted-T rib turbulators on the surface of the absorber plate to analyze the heat transfer improvement and frictional penalty through the rectangular SAHD. The analysis for the inverted-T rib-tubulators is performed by keeping the same range of parameters as that of quarter-circular rib-turbulators. The analysis shows a maximum enhancement in the heat transfer of 2.74 times the smooth SAHD is achieved for the P/e of 7.14 and e/Dh (fixed) of 0.042 at Re of 15000. The maximum thermal enhancement ratio of 1.87 is observed in the parametric range. The study is extended by considering the triangular SAHD with pentagonal rib-turbulators. The various heat transfer parameters, such as P/e, e/Dh, and Re are kept in the range of 6 to 12, 0.03 to 0.05, and 4000 to 18000, respectively. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer of 2.01 times the smooth duct is observed for the pentagonal rib-turbulators with P/e of 10 and e/Dh of 0.05 at Re of 15000. Within the parametric range, a maximum frictional penalty of 2.97 is encountered for P/e of 10 and e/Dh of 0.05 at Re of 4000. Flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics are highlighted for each case with various contours, vectors, and streamline plots. In the subsequent stage of the work, an experimental investigation was carried out to explore the influence of roughness and flow parameters on the thermo-hydraulic performance analysis of a triangular SAHD. The transverse circular rib-turbulators with gaps are placed on the surface of the absorber plate. The roughness parameters, P/e and e/Dh are kept in the range of 4.88 to 20 and 0.021 to 0.044, respectively. Re is kept in the range of 4000 to 18000. Two and three gaps of each of 0.01 m are provided to each odd and even number rib, respectively. Non-dimensional primary width (1/) and non-dimensional secondary width (2/) are kept constant at 0.29 and 0.4, respectively. A maximum heat transfer of 3.14 times that of the base model is achieved for the transverse ribs with gaps having P/e and e/Dh of 9.76 and 0.044, respectively, at = 18000. Again the experimentation is done to evaluate the heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of the triangular SAHD with transverse broken rib-turbulators. For the study, e/Dh is kept constant at 0.044, and P/e is varied in the range of 4.88 to 19.51. In the parametric range, the maximum enhancement in heat transfer is found to be 2.44 times the smooth duct for P/e of 9.76 at Re of 15000, and the maximum friction factor is found to be 3.19 times the smooth duct for P/e of 4.88 at Re of 4000. For each of the studied cases, the Nusselt number and friction factor correlations are developed with minimum error
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Molecules Employing Metal Catalysed Atom-economic Couplings and Sustainable Dearomatization Techniques
No full textThe demand for the synthesis of new chemicals in an environmentally benign fashion is a great challenge to the synthetic chemical community. Development of green technology has emerged as a discipline that permeates all aspects of synthetic chemistry. A major goal of this endeavor must be to maximize the efficient use of raw materials and simultaneously to minimize waste. Thus, synthetic efficiency has to address not only selectivity (i.e. chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enenatioselectivity) but also atom economy. With the continuation of the recent trends, we have focused on the development of new strategies for the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules by using ruthenium catalysis, gold catalysis, and photoredox catalysis in an atom-economical fashion. In ruthenium catalysis, the non-metathesis coupling of 5-aminopent-2 yn-1-ol and pent-2-yne-1,5-diol with Michael acceptor in presence of catalytic amount of [CpRu(MeCN)3]PF6 delivered to β-amino and β-hydroxy enones which are readily converted to a series of heterocyclic molecules like 4-piperidone, 4 pyranone, hexahydroisochromenone and isochroman-6-ol. By using gold catalysis, heterocyclic molecules like pyrrole, 5,6-dihydropyridin-3(4H)-one, hydroxy indole, hydroxy benzofuran are synthesized via the activation of propargylic alcohols. In photoredox catalysis, the naurally occuring vitamin molcules like riboflavin tetraacetate are used for dearomative spiro-etherification of naphthols
Conjugate Natural Convection with Surface Radiation from Different Infrared Suppression (IRS) Systems
No full textThe naval ships, warships, and merchant ships are equipped with infrared suppression (IRS) systems for easy operation in the deep ocean. The IRS device reduces the temperature of hot exhaust products, which will help in stealth technology so that infrared gadgets cannot detect ships or aircraft. The cooling of the IRS system is an important aspect, and the current research deals with the numerical investigation of various IRS systems, namely, cylindrical funnel, IRS with multiple cylindrical and conical funnels, louvered cylindrical funnel, louvered conical funnel, and conical funnel. This research primarily aims to obtain thermo-fluid characteristics from the mentioned IRS systems due to conjugate heat transfer with the combined effect of natural convection and surface radiation. In addition, the time required to cool down the hot IRS system to atmospheric temperature is also estimated using the lumped-capacitance method. For the numerical analysis, different governing equations (Navier-Stokes equation, turbulence equation (− equation), energy equation, and radiation equation) are solved using the finite volume method (FVM) based solver of ANSYS Fluent 15.0. Initially, the preliminary work is carried out on the vertical hollow cylinder with a finite thickness of different aspect ratios to observe the combined effect of convection and surface radiation. Results show that including surface radiation in the net heat transfer rate estimation is significant and should not be ignored. The research is further extended for the IRS system with multiple cylindrical and conical funnels. To perform the analysis, different parameters such as the number of funnels, Rayleigh number, inner surface temperature, geometric ratio (GR), funnel overlapping, and surface emissivity are varied to elucidate the heat transfer behavior. The results of the IRS system with cylindrical funnels show that the total heat transfer rate rises with the number of funnels. Both non-dimensional induced mass flow rate and total heat transfer rate have maximum value for zero overlapping cases irrespective of funnel numbers. In contrast, it decreases for both negative and positive overlapping. At constant temperature contribution of radiative heat transfer varies from 10 to 38% with the rise in emissivity. In the case of a conical funneled IRS system, an increase in geometric ratio enhances the mass suction and total heat transfer rate with funnel numbers for the considered temperature range. At a constant temperature, the total heat transfer increases up to 4.9 times when GR varies from 1 to 1.3 for six funneled systems. Convective heat transfer’s relative strength rises with Rayleigh number, whereas the relative strength of radiative heat transfer drops. However, radiative heat transfer contributes up to 63% of total heat transfer for fixed GR and funnels. The convective heat transfer is always higher than radiative heat transfer for IRS with multiple funnels; therefore, radiative heat transfer contribution weakens with increased funnels for all considered emissivities, whereas the convective heat transfer contribution augments. Furthermore, the thermodynamic characterization of IRS with multiple cylindrical funnels subjected to natural convection alone is carried out. The Bejan number decreases with the Rayleigh number and geometric ratio. As the number of funnels rises, the increment in heat transfer irreversibility is much lesser than the fluid friction irreversibility, resulting in a continuous decrease in the Bejan number. In the case of a cylindrical louvered funnel, some geometrical parameters like the number of holes in each row (6 to 14), number of rows of louvers (2 to 8), and shapes of holes are also varied in addition to Rayleigh number, surface temperature, and surface emissivity. The results indicate that the Nusselt number and mass suction ratio increases with the number of rows of holes and the number of holes in each row. The Nusselt number is highest for the funnel with circular holes, whereas the lowest is for triangular holes. Moreover, results show that the surface radiation contribution is significant even at low emissivity. Furthermore, the research is extended towards the three-dimensional comparative study of the IRS system made up of a single cylindrical louvered funnel, conical louvered funnel, cylindrical funnel, and conical funnel. The mass suction ratio and total Nusselt number increase with the wall temperature of the surface linearly. The conical funnel gives the least total Nusselt number, and the cylindrical louvered funnel gives the highest. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis of these funnels is also conducted, and results reveal that the cylindrical louvered funnel outperforms the rest of the considered funnel in terms of heat transfer rate, increasing with surface temperature and Rayleigh number. A performance evaluation criterion (ratio of irreversibility to heat transfer) is described for the performance of different funnels, and results indicated that it decreases with Rayleigh number, indicating that the rise in heat transfer becomes much more than the rise in irreversibility at high Rayleigh. Also, the time-temperature graph shows that the louvered cylindrical funnel cools the fastest while the louvered conical funnel is the slowest. To visualize the thermo-fluid behavior around the IRS system and its near surrounding various temperature contours, velocity vector plots, velocity contours, and entropy generation contours for different cases are also provided for better understanding
Numerical Solution of Vibration of Euler Nanobeams with Different Complicating Effects
No full textNanomaterials are those for which a single unit is sized between 1 and 100 nm. Nanoparticles show very interesting and unique behaviours under thermal, electrical, and magnetic environments. Due to these characteristics, nanostructural members such as nanowires, nanobeams and nanoplates etc. play a significant role in the making of devices for information technology, solar panels, optical and electronics, medical and health care applications etc. Research on nanostructures shows that the classical continuum theories could not capture the small scale effect at nano or micro scales. Various nonlocal theories are developed to capture the size effects at nanoscales, which are helpful to predict the dynamic behaviours of nanosized structures. In various engineering and industrial sectors such as aerospace, nuclear power, automobiles, steel etc., heat and thermal conductivity of materials are important. In this aspect Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) have gained attention of researchers. FGMs are composite materials formed of two or more constituent phases with a continuously variable composition. So combining FGM concept with nanoscaled materials helps to make many advanced devices and equipment such as nanoelectromechanical devices, optoelectronic devices, aerospace equipment etc. Modelling and analysis of nano and functionally graded nanobeams are challenging because experiments at nanoscale are always costly and time dependent. Also capturing the small scale effects considering internal length scale parameters is not easy for nanostructural members. On the other hand, dynamic behaviours of nanobeams are affected by complicating effects like different elastic foundations, magnetic environment, thermal effects, flexoelectric effects etc. The influence of these complicating effects at nanoscale is challenging. Hence investigation of dynamic behaviours of nanobeams placed under different complicating effects is a major concern in the field of vibration of nanobeams. In view of the above, the present thesis investigates the vibration behaviours of Euler nanobeams considering various complicating effects. Also, handling different boundary conditions is a challenge for this type of investigation. In this work, several computationally efficient methods such as RayleighRitz, Differential Quadrature, Adomian Decomposition, Differential Transform, Homotopy Perturbation methods etc., are successfully implemented under different classical boundary conditions like simply supported, clamped, and free. Furthermore, convergence and validation of different numerical methods are discussed in terms of frequency parameters. Different nonlocal theories such as Eringen’s nonlocal theory, nonlocal strain gradient theory, and nonlocal strain gradient theory for piezoelectric nanobeam are used to capture the small scale effects of the vibration of beams. As mentioned above, regarding the complicating effects, nonhomogeneous beam model, Winkler foundation, WinklerPasternak foundations, thermal effects, torsional vibration of functionally graded nanobeam, magnetic effects etc., are taken in action and dynamic behaviours of Euler nanobeams are analysed in systematic manners. Obtained results are compared with existing literature and many new results are reported in terms of figures and tables. The new results obtained through the above mathematical models may serve as benchmarks and those may certainly be used by design engineers and practitioners to validate their experimental work for better design of the related nanostructures
Navigation and Control of Humanoid Robots in Unknown Environment Using Smart Methodologies
No full textThe current research work focuses on design, development and implementation of effective motion planning strategies in humanoid robots for collision free and obstacle avoidance path traversal between two locations with high accuracy of task completion. Here, kinematic analysis of NAO H25 with trajectory generation is considered to perform analysis on motion control parameters of humanoid. Various navigational approaches like Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm, novel DAY-DEMOCRATIC technique have been designed with mathematical formulation for navigational analysis of single and multiple humanoid robots. For effective motion planning of multiple humanoids in complex environments, a Petri-Net architecture is designed and combined with the developed methods to avoid inter-collision among the humanoids. Using fuzzy logic system with Rule Based Technique, Prim’s Algorithm, and DAY-DEMOCRATIC technique, hybridized controllers are developed to improve the motion planning strategies with enhancement in navigational parameters like trajectory distance and trajectory time. Both simulation and experimental analysis has been performed by the humanoid using the developed controllers and the results obtained from both the analysis are validated. An analysis of the results from simulation and experiment demonstrates strong agreement with each other and a reasonable tolerance for error. The generated controllers are compared to existing methodologies to validate the findings and determine their efficacy, and significant advancements in respect to navigational parameters are seen. Finally, application areas with future extension of current research are highlighted
Cardiac Autonomic Regulation Activity in Bhang-Consuming Indian Male Volunteers: Statistical Analysis and A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models
No full textThe consumption of cannabis-based products is increasing worldwide day by day because of their euphoric effects. Numerous studies have reported the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and even mortality in people consuming cannabis. However, little attention has been paid to understanding the cannabis-induced alteration in the Cardiac Autonomic Regulation (CAR) activity, which can help in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. The current study investigated the alteration in the CAR activity of 200 Indian male volunteers due to the consumption of bhang (a cannabis-based product) using various analyses on heart rate variability (HRV) signals. The results suggested a reduction in the heart rate variability, increased sympathetic dominance, and a corresponding decrease in parasympathetic activity in the bhang-consuming population, which may lead to various cardiovascular diseases. These inferences can act as evidence for counseling people to stop consuming cannabis. Additionally, this study developed and compared different machine learning (ML) models for classifying cannabis consumers and non-consumers using their HRV data. Based on the comparison of the performance indices, the Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT) model derived from discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients using Ginni Index-based feature selection was proposed as the best ML classifier among the ML models developed in this study
Application of Biological and Adsorption Treatment Techniques for the Degradation of Phenol and COD from Coke Oven Wastewater
No full textOver the last decade, rapid industrialization has contaminated water resources; iron and steel plants are among the most polluting industries. A million litres of wastewater are produced daily during the coal carbonization and quenching of hot coke, which contains a significant concentration of suspended solids, oil & grease that are high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phenols, ammonia, cyanide, and other toxic substances. These are disposed into water bodies without proper treatment, resulting in contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The present study focused on investigating the efficiency of using biological treatments and adsorption as a method for removing phenol and COD from real coke oven wastewater. The aim is to explore the potential of using biological treatments methods and natural adsorbents, such as agricultural or household residues, for effective phenol removal. Specifically, we used bench scale bioreactors and activated carbon derived from banana peel waste as the adsorbent. Initially the physico chemical properties of the coke oven wastewater samples were analysed that confirms the presence of phenol (190-200 mg/L) and COD (645mg/L) in a non-permissible level as per the IS-2490. Consequently, the study has been isolated, identified and characterized and four indigenous phenol-degrading microorganisms were identified from coke oven wastewater. The phylogenetic analysis confirms the isolated strains and identifies them as Brevibacillus borstelensis (R1), Bacillus cohnii (R2), Bacillus aerius (R3), and Bacillus haynesii (R4). Out of these four strains two of the isolates have ability for high phenol tolerant capacity up to 500 mg/L and biofilm formation ability when attached to media i.e., coconut coir fibre. By varying operating parameters of the bench scale rotating biological contactor the degradation efficiency of phenol and COD have been investigated. Response surface methodology is used for the optimization of variable parameters of RBC. Growth of microbial biofilms resulted the degradation of harmful chemical compounds like phenol and COD in coke oven wastewater. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that indigenous microorganisms within coke oven wastewater have a strong affinity to form biofilms and degrade phenol by 96% and COD up to 67%. Also, the study investigated the phenol removal efficiency by using natural adsorbents (or biosorbent) specifically derived from the agricultural or household residues. The current research deals with the efficient removal of phenol concentration from real coke wastewater using activated carbon extracted from banana peel waste as an adsorbent. The maximum phenol removal efficiency from coke wastewater were optimized and statistically analysed by using Box Behnken design (BBD). The use of activated banana peel biosorbent resulted to achieve maximum phenol removal efficiency of 89%. A brief study of techno-economic study and cost analysis has been performed to ensure that rotating biological contactor system unit regrading treatment of industrial effluent is cost-effective