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Module of silicon photomultipliers as a detector of individual Cherenkov photons
No full texta b s t r a c t We have studied the possibility of using silicon photomultipliers as single photon detectors in a proximity focusing RICH with aerogel radiator. Such a counter is considered for the upgrade of the Belle detector. The main advantage of silicon over conventional photomultiplier tubes is their operation in high magnetic fields. Their disadvantage is the relatively high dark noise count rate ð % MHz=mm 2 Þ which can be overcome by using a narrow time window in the data acquisition. A module, consisting of 64 (8 Â 8) Hamamatsu MPPC S10362-11-100P silicon photomultipliers, has been designed, constructed and tested with Cherenkov photons emitted in an aerogel radiator by 120 GeV/c pions from the CERN T4-H6 beam. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio, i.e. to increase the effective surface on which light is detected, light concentrators have been employed
Natural Resource and Environmental Management
No full textAbstract The tribal villages within the district of Kendujhar, Odisha State, India struggle with farming on marginal lands with an increasing detrimental effect on agricultural productivity. Research has been focused on the implementation of conservation agriculture (CA) practices, specifically: minimum tillage and intercropping in such villages. Results provide a comparative economic and gender labor analyses of selected CA practices, future implications, and insight for agribusinesses, farmers and policymakers
Dynamics of imidacloprid resistance and cross-resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
No full textAbstract Extensive use of imidacloprid for suppressing the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), has placed heavy selection pressure on the target insect. A systematic study was carried out to determine imidacloprid resistance dynamics and cross-resistance. Data collected from a 3-year study (2005)(2006)(2007) showed that in 2005, the resistance levels in Nanning (Guangxi), Haiyan (Zhejiang), and Nanjing and Tongzhou (Jiangsu) populations ranged from 200-to 799-fold compared with the susceptible strain. However, the resistance levels decreased to 135-to 233-fold in 2007, after reduced application of the chemical. A laboratory population was challenged with imidacloprid in successive generations. After 23 generations, the resistance ratio had increased from 200-to 1 298-fold. Continuous selection with imidacloprid could increase the resistance level even more than has already been developed in the population. Stopping selection with imidacloprid led to a rapid decrease of resistance from 759-to 114-fold after 17 generations. Resistance levels then became stable without decreasing any further. A similar result was also obtained from a study involving a field population (resistance ratio = 625-fold) collected from Tongzhou. At first, the population showed a rapid decrease in resistance right after imidacloprid selection was stopped, and then the resistance stabilized at a level of 105-129-fold. More interestingly, resistance increased again when selection was resumed. In addition, the resistant strain selected with imidacloprid showed substantial cross-resistance to imidaclothiz, thiacloprid, and acetamiprid, and slight levels of cross-resistance to dinotefuran and thiamethoxam, but no obvious cross-resistance to nitenpyram, buprofezin, and fipronil. The information from this study is valuable for formulating resistance-management strategies against N. lugens
Comparison of FDA Approved Kinase Targets to Clinical Trial Ones: Insights from Their System Profiles and Drug-Target Interaction Networks
No full textKinase is one of the most productive classes of established targets, but the majority of approved drugs against kinase were developed only for cancer. Intensive efforts were therefore exerted for releasing its therapeutic potential by discovering new therapeutic area. Kinases in clinical trial could provide great opportunities for treating various diseases. However, no systematic comparison between system profiles of established targets and those of clinical trial ones was conducted. The reveal of probable difference or shift of trend would help to identify key factors defining druggability of established targets. In this study, a comparative analysis of system profiles of both types of targets was conducted. Consequently, the systems profiles of the majority of clinical trial kinases were identified to be very similar to those of established ones, but percentages of established targets obeying the system profiles appeared to be slightly but consistently higher than those of clinical trial targets. Moreover, a shift of trend in the system profiles from the clinical trial to the established targets was identified, and popular kinase targets were discovered. In sum, this comparative study may help to facilitate the identification of the druggability of established drug targets by their system profiles and drug-target interaction networks
Multi-class Classication in Big Data
No full textThe paper suggests the on-line multi-class classier with a sublinear computational complexity relative to the number of training objects. The proposed approach is based on the combining of two-class probabilistic classifiers. Pairwise coupling is a popular multi-class classification method that combines all comparisons for each pair of classes. Unfortunately pairwise coupling suffers in many cases from incompatibility in that some regions of its input space the sum of probabilities are not equal to one. In this paper we propose the optimal approximation for probabilities in each point of object space. This paper proposes a new probabilistic interpretation of the Support Vector Machine for obtaining class probabilities. We show how the SVM can be viewed as a maximum likelihood estimate of a class of probabilistic models. As a computational method for big data we use the stochastic gradient descent approach minimizing directly the primal SVM objective. Unfortunately the hinge loss of the true SVM classier did not allow to use SGD procedure for determining the classier bias. In this paper we propose the piece-wise quadratic loss that helps to overcome this obstacle and gives an instrument to obtain the bias from SGD procedure
36 COUNCIL FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN The Golden Rule of Providing Support in Inclusive Classrooms: Support Others as You Would Wish to Be Supported Universal Design for Learning & Differentiated Instruction
No full textNew Schiff bases derivatives containing anthracene and 1,3,4-thidiazole moieties: Synthesis and fungicidal activity
No full textAbstract: New 5-[1-(anthracen-9(10H)-ylideneamino)-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine 3 has been synthesized from condensation reaction of N-anthracen-9(10H)-ylidenehistidine 2 with thiosemicarbazide in phosphorusoxy chloride. The prepared compounds were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Preliminary in vitro tests for fungicidal activity show that prepared compounds display good activity to Gibberela, Cercospora arachidicola, Physolospora piricola and Fusarium oxysporum