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ORGANIZATIONAL PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN'S VULNERABILITY ORGANIZATIONAL PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN'S VULNERABILITY
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Gender-Related Traits in Transsexuals and Nontranssexuals
No full textThirty-eight male-to-female (M-to-F) transsexuals, 7 female-to-male (F-to-M) transsexuals, 13S nontranssexual men, and 225 nontranssexual women were assessed on the following: gender diagnosticity (GD) measures, which assessed male-vs. female-typical occupational and hobby preferences; instrumentality; expressiveness; self-ascribed masculinity; and self-ascribed femininity. M-to-F transsexuals differed strongly and significantly from nontranssexual men on GD and self-ascribed femininity (effect sizes from 1.84 to 3.40) and more weakly on instrumentality, expressiveness, and selfascribed masculinity (effect sizes from 0.40 to 0.56). F-to-M transsexuals differed strongly and significantly from nontranssexual women on GD and on self-ascribed masculinity and femininity (effect sizes from 2.45 to 3.97), but not on instrumentality or expressiveness (effect sizes of 0.07 and 0.39). The degree to which the six assessed gender-related traits distinguished transsexual from nontranssexuals was strongly correlated with the degree to which these same traits distinguished nontranssexual men from nontranssexual women. Using comparison data from past research, M-to-F transsexuals were quite similar to gay men on all gender-related traits except self-ascribed femininity, but F-to-M transsexuals were considerably more masculine than lesbian women on all gender-related traits except for instrumentality and expressiveness
Preservation of Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Atherosclerotic Mice with Endothelium-Restricted Endothelin-1 Overexpression s
No full textABSTRACT In human atherosclerosis, which is associated with elevated plasma and coronary endothelin (ET)-1 levels, ET A receptor antagonists improve coronary endothelial function. Mice overexpressing ET-1 specifically in the endothelium (eET-1) crossed with atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E knockout mice (Apoe 2/2 ) exhibit exaggerated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis. Since endothelial dysfunction often precedes atherosclerosis development, we hypothesized that mice overexpressing endothelial ET-1 on a genetic background deficient in apolipoprotein E (eET-1/Apoe 2/2 ) would have severe endothelial dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, we investigated endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) to acetylcholine in eET-1/Apoe 2/2 mice. EDR in mesenteric resistance arteries from 8-and 16-week-old mice fed a normal diet or HFD was improved in eET-1/Apoe 2/2 compared with Apoe 2/2 mice. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition abolished EDR in Apoe 2/2 . EDR in eET-1/Apoe 2/2 mice was resistant to NOS inhibition irrespective of age or diet. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase, the cytochrome P450 pathway, and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) resulted in little or no inhibition of EDR in eET-1/Apoe 2/2 compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In eET-1/Apoe 2/2 mice, blocking of EDH or soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), in addition to NOS inhibition, decreased EDR by 36 and 30%, respectively. The activation of 4-aminopyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent potassium channels (K v ) during EDR was increased in eET-1/Apoe 2/2 compared with WT mice. We conclude that increasing eET-1 in mice that develop atherosclerosis results in decreased mutual dependence of endothelial signaling pathways responsible for EDR, and that NOS-independent activation of sGC and increased activation of K v are responsible for enhanced EDR in this model of atherosclerosis associated with elevated endothelial and circulating ET-1
Continuous Wave Mid-Infrared IV-VI Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
No full textContinuous wave emission of mid-infrared IV-VI vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structures with PbSe as active medium is demonstrated for the 6 to 8 µm wavelength region. The lasers are based on ultra-high finesse microcavity structures formed by high reflectivity EuSe/PbEuSe Bragg mirrors. Optically pumped cw laser emission is observed up to temperatures of 120 K. We achieved internal threshold pump intensities of down to 25 W/cm 2 , which is two orders of magnitude smaller than reported so far. The line width of the laser emission is only 18 µeV (0.9 nm) with a strong narrowing as compared to the line width of the cavity resonance. Continuous wave output powers are up to 4.8 mW
Analysis of SSO Control Alternatives within the City of Detroit's Regional Collection System
No full textCHI_workshop
No full textAbstract In this paper we describe an integrated model for supporting multifaceted behavior change. We propose to combine information used to inform a current behavior with information to motivate a relevant new behavior. Towards this goal, we propose a model composed of the transtheoretical model, the theory of planned behavior and the stage-based model of personal informatics to design multifaceted systems
2009_martin_sc-properties_sbc_09
No full textABSTRACT Analytical models are developed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure wave propagation speed based on viscoelastic properties and geometry of the subarachnoid space (SAS). The models were compared to experimental tests on various compliant coaxial tube phantom models of the spinal SAS having different thicknesses and mechanical properties, with the ultimate goal of developing a noninvasive in vivo technique for determining the elastic properties of the spinal aqueduct. The in vitro models were constructed based on a healthy persons' spinal geometry and properties, and the generation of pressure waves in it mimics the in vivo mechanism. Results suggest that pressure wave propagation is a weighted combination of two types of wave motion inherent to the coupled fluid-structure system. Additionally, theoretical and experimental studies indicate that the spinal cord (SC) mechanical properties do not play a significant role in wave speed propagation through the system, whereas mechanical properties of the encasing structures of the spinal aqueduct (SA) do influence wave speed
ACUTE AND CHRONIC USE OF A SACRAL POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR NERVE ROOT STIMULATOR TO INCREASE BLADDER CAPACITY IN SPINAL CORD INJURY
No full textAbstract Neuromodulation by stimulation of pudendal afferents has been shown to increase bladder capacity in spinal cord injury. It may be an alternative to the posterior rhizotomy of the sensory roots from S 2 to S 4 that normally accompanies a Finetech-Brindley Sacral Anterior Root Stimulator, resulting in the loss of reflex erections. We describe two patients in whom continuous low level stimulation of the mixed sacral nerves via an extradural Finetech-Brindley device resulted in effective suppression of detrusor hyperreflexia. Neuromodulation in the laboratory increased bladder by up to 300% using either continuous or conditional stimulation, and neuromodulation at home resulted in a bladder capacity comparable to that achieved with oxybutinin. Although these results suggest that neuromodulation may be a replacement for posterior rhizotomy, persisting detrusorsphincter dyssynergia may affect stimulator-driven emptying and is probably the reason for incomplete voiding in the patients described in this study