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Error-related scalp potentials elicited by hand and foot movements: evidence for an output-independent error-processing system in humans
Get PDFAbstract The error-related negativity (ERN) is a fronto-centrally distributed component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) that occurs when human subjects make errors in a variety of experimental tasks. In the present study, we recorded ERPs from 128 scalp electrodes while subjects performed a choice reaction time task using either their hands or feet. We applied the brain electric source analysis technique to compare ERNs elicited by hand and foot errors. The scalp distributions of these error potentials suggest that they share the same neural generator and, therefore, that the ERN process is output-independent. Together with other findings, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the ERN is generated within the anterior cingulate cortex and is elicited by the activation of a generic error-processing system
Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Toll Like Receptor-2, -4 and Experimental Vasospasm in a Rat Model
Get PDFUpregulated TLRs are observed in the serum of animals following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. This study was to examine glycyrrhizin's effect on proinflammatory cytokines and TLRs in SAH rats. Administration with glycyrrhizin was initiated 24 hr before and 1 hr later using osmotic minipump. Basilar arteries were harvested to examine TLRs mRNA and protein (rt-PCR and western blot) and CSF cytokines (rt-PCR). Morphologically, deformed endothelium, tortuous elastic lamina, and smooth muscle necrosis were observed in the SAH rats, but were absent in the glycyrrhizin pretreatment group. The TLR-3 protein level was not increased in SAH animals, compared with the controls, while that of TLR-2 and -4 in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups was significantly elevated ( < 0.01). Pretreatment and treatment with glycyrrhizin reduced TLR-2 and -4 by 28 ± 8% and 33.4±9.2%, respectively. Likewise, glycyrrhizin was able to reduce the IL-1 and MCP-1 mRNA levels. This study shows glycyrrhizin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on SAH induced vasospasm and attenuates the ultrashort time expression of TLRs, like TLR-2 and -4. It corresponds to SAH induced early brain injury. These findings offer credit to the antivasospastic effect of glycyrrhizin and its effect on SAH induced early brain injury
An Orbit Fit for the Grillmair Dionatos Cold Stellar Stream
Get PDFABSTRACT We use velocity and metallicity information from SDSS and SEGUE stellar spectroscopy to fit an orbit to the narrow 63 • stellar stream of Grillmair and Dionatos. The stars in the stream have a retrograde orbit with eccentricity e = 0.33 (perigalacticon of 14.4 kpc and apogalacticon of 28.7 kpc) and inclination approximately i ∼ 35 • . In the region of the orbit which is detected, it has a distance of about 7 to 11 kpc from the Sun. Assuming a standard disk plus bulge and logarithmic halo potential for the Milky Way stars plus dark matter, the stream stars are moving with a large space velocity of approximately 276 km
Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Supervision Behavior for Public-Private Partnership Projects with Public Participation
No full textThe public can directly or indirectly participate in the PPP (public-private partnership) projects and then has an impact on the project profit and public or private behavior. To explore the influence of the public participation of the PPP projects supervision behavior, this paper analyzes the mutual evolutionary regularity of the private sector and government supervision department and the influence of public participation level on public and private behavior based on evolutionary game theory. The results show that the supervision strategy is not chosen when the supervision cost of government supervision department is greater than the supervision benefit; it can make private sector consciously provide the high-quality public products/services with the improvement of public participation level. Therefore, the government should reduce the cost of public participation and improve the public participation level and influence through the application of the Internet, big data, and other advanced technologies, in order to restrain the behavior of the private sector and improve the supervision efficiency
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No full textAbstract: Much of the literature on political economy expects complementarities betwee
Proceedings of GT2005 ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea and Air GT2005-68917 LAMINAR FLAME SPEEDS OF SYNTHETIC GAS FUEL MIXTURES
No full textABSTRACT Laminar flame speeds of H 2 /CO/CO 2 mixtures have been measured over a range of fuel compositions, lean equivalence ratios, and reactant preheat temperature (up to 700 K). The measurements are compared to numerical flame speed predictions based on two reaction mechanisms: GRI Mech 3.0 and a H 2 /CO mechanism. For undiluted and nonpreheated mixtures, the current results agree with previous data and the numerical calculations over most of the range tested. The measured flame speeds increase as the H 2 content of the fuel rises and for higher equivalence ratios. The most significant difference between the measurements and models is for high CO content fuel with the H 2 /CO mechanism, and the high H 2 content fuel at the leanest conditions with the GRI mechanism. For CO 2 diluted fuels, measured flame speeds decrease as predicted. However, agreement between the measurements and predictions worsens with increasing CO 2 dilution. Deviations as large as 40% are observed at lean equivalence ratios and 20% CO 2 levels. For reactant preheat temperatures below ~400K, the measured flame speeds generally match the calculated flame speeds within 10%. At higher preheat temperatures, however, the discrepancy between the measurements and the calculations increases, reaching levels of ~30% at 700 K. The measured temperature dependence is closer to the predictions from GRI Mech 3.0 than from the H 2 /CO mechanism
Computer Navigation for Total Knee Arthroplasty Reduces Revision Rate for Patients Less Than Sixty-five Years of Age
No full textA HIGH CAPACITY DIGITAL AUDIO WATERMARKING USING DISCRETE WAVELET AND COSINE TRANSFORM
No full textABSTRACT Piracy and copyright protection is a major issue among the music owners and publishers. Major improvements in digital and internet technologies have made the illegal production, storage and distribution of the digital multimedia files very easy. As a remedy digital audio watermarking is nowadays gaining popularity among the original audio content producers. This technique embeds the owner information as a copyright material in the digital audio as a proof of ownership. This paper introduces the watermarking, its applications and techniques developed. An algorithm is proposed based on wavelet transform which has efficient computational load and also on cosine transform for increasing the watermark embedding capacity. Algorithm is attacked with different signal processing attacks and then evaluated on the basis of watermarking parameters like imperceptibility, robustness, and embedding capacity
Effects of an Ecdysteroid Analog (RH-0345) on the Ovarian and Testicular Components of Eupolybothrus nudicornis (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)
No full textAbstract We studied the effects of one ecdysteroid analog (RH-0345) on the ovarian and testicular components of the centipede Eupolybothrus nudicornis used as a model of predators of soil fauna. The injection of 10 µg of RH-0345 significantly reduced protein, lipid and carbohydrate concentrations in both the ovarian tissue of females and testicular tissue of males collected in spring or autumn. In consequence, this study shows that ecdysteroid analog pesticides can affect the reproduction of other arthropods than insects by modifying the level of metabolites in male and female gonads
