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Brazilian Political Science Review Mapping and Explaining the Use of the Left-Right Divide* Mapping and Explaining the Use of the Left-Right Divide
No full textThis study is about mapping and explaining the use of the Left-Right divide across 14 countries from 5 Continents and relies on the richness of the post electoral mass surveys from the Comparative National Election Project: 14 countries and 18 elections spread over 5 continents. The paper shows not only how extensively the LR divide is used in these 14 countries, but also explains variation across both individuals and countries in terms of the factors determining LR recognition and use. Overall, it is shown that, although seen world-wide, the LR divide (both for self-placement and party placement) is more present in long consolidated and middle-aged democracies and countries with freer media systems than in new democracies and societies with less free media systems. In the case of parties LR placement, party size also counts: larger parties are more easily placed. Additionally, we also show that LR recognition is more socially and politically determined in long consolidated and middle-aged democracies and in countries with more freedom of the press than in new democracies and in systems with less free media system. These findings add to the existing knowledge about these topics because previous studies were either country/Continent specific, or, if global in nature, never invested in explaining individual and system variation across 14 from 5 Continents. Besides, these findings mean that in the long term probably the new democracies will converge with the long consolidated or middle-aged ones, but this is an empirical question to be researched in future studies
Epidemic Network Failures in Optical Transport Networks
No full textAbstract: -This paper presents a failure propagation model for transport networks which are affected by epidemic failures. The network is controlled using the GMPLS protocol suite. The Susceptible Infected Disabled (SID) epidemic model is investigated and new signaling functionality of GMPLS to support epidemic failure resolution is proposed. The results provide important input to service recovery mechanisms under epidemic failures
Relationship between Network Latency and Information Quality in a Synchronized Distributed Virtual Environment
No full textAbstract In this paper, the theoretical modeling of interactive performance on a distributed virtual environmen
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON PLANT PRODUCTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
No full textAbstract MALÁ, Z., ČERVENÁ, G., ANTOUŠKOVÁ, M.: Analysis of the impacts of Common Agricultural Policy on plant production in the Czech Republic. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 7, pp. 237-244 Common agricultural policy has fundamentally projected itself into the business management of individual agricultural businesses. The submission addresses the assessment of the eff ects of subsidy policy on the production, costs and profi t of agricultural businesses that engage predominantly in plant production. At the same time, it determines the eff ects of subsidy policy on demand for the production factors of labour and land. To the research questions more than 100 agriculture businesses were analyzed. The date from fi nancial statements enabled to construct production function model, to quantify the cost function, the function of demand for land, the demand for the production factor of labour and fi nally the profi t function was constructed. The results of research evidence the fact that direct payments have a negative eff ect on the production of agricultural businesses, but on the other hand they initiate demand for agricultural land and increase the profi t of agricultural producers. The results also show direct payments do not motivate agriculture businesses towards increased production. The direct payments also increase the demand for production factor of land and they have also a signifi cant eff ect on the value of profi t. common agricultural policy, subsidies, plant production, production factor
2493 Njobvu and McGill: Soft tissue lesions in Zambians Personal non-commercial use only
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No full textAbstracr-This paper presents a modeling technique and an optimal control scheme for water distribution networks. To overcome the large scale and nonlinearity of the network, a network aggregation method and a two-level control scheme are developed. The first level of the scheme decides operating pints using a nonlinear optimization method, where the pressure/flow equations are solwd using a high-speed technique derived from network flow theory. The second level is a feedback control around the operating points, which absorbs estimate error and small variations in consumption. The scheme has been implemented on a minicomputer 9 stem and is presently in operation. I. INTRODUCTION I N urban areas, scarcity of water resources has become a serious problem, as such techniques for minimizing water waste are urgently needed. Consumers want to receive water with high pressure, but excess pressure causes water leakage from pipe junctions. It is generally thought that 20 percent of all the water in distribution systems is lost through leakage. For this reason, pressure must be regulated to an adequate level. Because of the large scale and nonlinearity of these systems, such regulation m o t be realized without advanced control technology. Even for a municipality of 300000 people and considering pipes of diameter greater then 200 mm, the network has about 700 pipes and 500 pipe junctions. In addition, the nonlinearity between pressure/flow and control variables (valves and pumps) makes on-line control difficult. Several computer applications for distribution systems have been studied. However, these studies 111- [4] have not aimed at regulating pressure, but rather at scheduling the operations of reservoirs and pumping devices for economical dispatch. For the purpose, it is not necessary to deal with precise pressure, linearity can sometimes be assumed [2], and reduction of the computation time is not critical. This paper presents a modeling technique and control scheme for pressure (as well as flow) regulation which solves the abovementioned large-scale nonlinear problem. A system model must be realized in minimum order for control purposes. The network aggregation method makes such modeling possible. To overcome nonlinearity, a two-level control scheme is introduced, which consists of the setting of operating points and the feedback control around them. A very fast optimization technique to determine the operating points is derived from network flow theory, making on-line control possible. The following sections describe the modeling technique and the control scheme along with some implementation experience. This scheme has been realized by a minicomputer system with telemetry devices and is presently in operation. recommended by M. P. Polis
A. CORE COLLECTION: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS
No full textAbstract A core collection has been described as a collection which contains, with a minimum of repetitiveness, the maximum possible genetic diversity of a crop species and its wild relatives. Such a collection is not intended to replace existing genebank collections but to make the variation contained within such collections more accessible to users. Core collections can provide a way of improving germplasm enhancement. In this review paper we first examine theoretical approaches suggested for establishing a core collection: those based on the neutral allele theory and those taking into account morpho-agronomic traits. Possibilities for establishing a hierarchical strategy are then discussed. In the second part we discribe current examples of core collections for crops such as barley, cassava, Phaseohs and coffee. In the third part we examine some of the main criticisms of the core strategy and discuss the future development of core collections
Noise characteristics of single-mode semiconductor lasers under external light injection - Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
No full textFormatting Strategy and Management Control System : Evidence from Indonesia
No full textAbstract This study is to examine the relationship between strategy with the used of Management Control System (MC
Complete convergence for weighted sums and arrays of rowwise extended negatively dependent random variables
No full textIn this article, we study the complete convergence for weighted sums of extended negatively dependent random variables and row sums of arrays of rowwise extended negatively dependent random variables. We apply two methods to prove the results: the first of is based on exponential bounds and second is based on the generalization of the classical moment inequality for extended negatively dependent random variables