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Title page Glucuronide production by whole-cell biotransformation using genetically engineered fission yeast S. pombe
Get PDFAbstract Drug metabolites generated by UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are needed for drug development and toxicity studies, especially in the context of safety testing of metabolites during drug development. Since chemical metabolite synthesis can be arduous, various biological approaches have been developed; however, no whole-cell biotransformation with recombinant microbes that express human UGTs was yet achieved. In this study we expressed human UDP glucose-6-dehydrogenase (UGDH) together with several human or rat UGT isoforms in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and generated strains that catalyze the whole-cell glucuronidation of standard substrates. Moreover, we established two methods to obtain stable isotope-labeled glucuronide metabolites: The first uses a labeled aglycon, while the second employs 13 C 6 -glucose as a metabolic precursor of isotope-labeled UDPglucuronic acid (UDP-GA) and yields a sixfold labeled glucuronide. The system described here should lead to a significant facilitation in the production of both labeled and unlabeled drug glucuronides for industry and academia. DMD 30965
XIII FUNDAMENTALISM vs THE PATCHWORK OF LAWS
Get PDFFor realism. A number of years ago I wrote How the Laws of Physics Lie. That book was generally perceived to be an attack on realism. Nowadays I think that I was deluded about the enemy: it is not realism but fundamentalism that we need to combat. My advocacy of realism-local realism about a variety of different kinds of knowledge in a variety of different domains across a range of highly differentiated situations-is Kantian in structure. Kant frequently used what should be a puzzling argument form to establish quite abstruse philosophical positions (0): We have X-perceptual knowledge, freedom of the will, whatever. But without 0 (the transcendental unity of apperception, or the kingdom of ends) X would be impossible, or inconceivable. Hence 0. The objectivity of local knowledge is my 0; X is the possibility of planning, prediction, manipulation, control, and policy setting. Unless our claims about the expected consequences of our actions are reliable, our plans are for nought. Hence knowledge is possible. What might be found puzzling about the Kantian argument form are the X's from which it starts. These are generally facts that appear in the clean and orderly world of pure reason as refugees with neither proper papers nor proper introductions, of suspect worth and suspicious origin. The facts that I take to ground objectivity are similarly alien in the clear, well-lighted streets of reason, where properties have exact boundaries, rules are unambiguous, and behaviour is precisely ordained. I know that I can get an oaktree from an acorn, but not from a pine-cone; that nurturing will make my child more secure; that feeding the hungry and housing the homeless will make for less misery; and that giving more smear tests will lessen the incidence of vaginal cancer. Getting closer to physics, which is ultimatel
Grid Integration of Renewable Energy: A Case Study
Get PDFAbstract: India is considering renewable energy resources (RES) like solar and wind as alternative for future energy needs. As on March 31, 2012 the grid interactive power generation from RES is 24914 MW i.e. around 12.1 % of the total installed energy capacity. Further Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India is targeting to achieve 20000 MW grid interactive powers through solar and 38500 MW from wind by 2022. However there are various issues related to grid integration of RES keeping in the view of aforesaid trends it becomes necessary to investigate the possible solutions for these issues. This paper presents the some issues and challenges encountered during grid integration of different renewable and how to overcome them
Harvesting productivity analysis using LiDAR
Get PDFAbstract Mechanised harvesting operations are common in Australia because of their increased productivity and efficiency, improved worker safety and reduced cost of operations. Most research has found that the productivity and efficiency of a mechanised harvesting system is affected by a number of factors including forest stand characteristics (tree size or piece size, stand density, undergrowth), terrain variables (slope, rocks, woody debris), operators' skill and machinery limitations. The purpose of the study was to use remote sensing technology to quantify these forest stand and terrain factors (particularly slope) and hence derive relationships to predict harvester productivity from remote sensing data. A case study was conducted in mature radiata pine (Pinus radiata) plantation at Mount Burr Reserve Forest, South Australia (37.61° S, 140.44° E). LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) flown in 2007 was used to identify and quantify stand and terrain factors (particularly tree size). A time and motion study conducted during final harvest was used to estimate the impact of each factor (tree size and slope) on harvester productivity. Tree size estimates derived from the LiDAR data were grown to the point of harvest using empirical growth models. The point of harvest tree size estimates were ground-truthed against harvester measurements of the same trees. Empirical models were then developed to enable the LiDAR-derived estimates of tree size to be used to estimate productivity of harvesting equipment. The robustness of these relationships will be tested by applying the model to areas not used in the development process
ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ КОНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ МОЛОДЫХ МУЖЧИН-СТУДЕНТОВ ПО ДАННЫМ 20-ЛЕТНЕГО РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ VARIABILITY OF CONSTITUTIONAL INDICATIONS IN YOUNG MEN-STUDENTS ACCORDING TO 20-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE RESEARCH
No full textДанная статья посвящена изучению вопросов конституциональных особенностей юношей-студентов на начальном этапе обучения в университете. Авторы сравнили антропометрические и конституциональные характеристики двух поколений юношей в возрасте 17-21 года с разницей в обследовании 20 лет. Распреде-ление по группам: обследованные в 1990 году -группа 1, обследованные в 2010 году -группа 2. Установле-но, что достоверно уменьшался рост у юношей 2 группы по отношению к юношам 1 группы. При этом до-стоверно уменьшилось доля абсолютной массы мышечной ткани и соответственно увеличилось количество жировой ткани. Паралелльно с этим наблюдается уменьшение показателей динамометрии как правой, так и левой кистей. Рассчитаны индексы Рорера, Кетле, Таннера, Rees-Eisenck. В группе 2 увеличилась доля лиц с хронической энергетической недостаточностью и доля лиц с ожирением, а также в этой группе отмечено увеличение доли лиц с гинекоморфным и мезоморфным типом полового диморфизма. При распределении по соматотипам установлено увеличение доли лиц пикнического телосложения и уменьшение доли лиц нор-мостенического телосложения. This article is devoted to the study of questions of constitutional features of the young students at the initial stage of education at the University. The authors compared the anthropometric and constitutional characteristics of two generations of young men at the age of 17-21 championship with a difference in a survey of 20 years. Distribution by groups of surveyed: in 1990 -group 1, surveyed in 2010 -group 2. Found signifi cant reduction in the length of the body in boys 2 group in relation to the young men of the 1 group. In this reliably decreased the number of absolute mass of muscle tissue and increased the number of adipose tissue in the second group. In the smaller side of the parameters have changed dynamometry of both hands. . In group 2 has increased the share of persons with chronic energy defi ciency and the share of people with obesity and also, in this group there was increase in the share of persons with gynaecomorphic and mesomorphic type of sexual dimorphism. The distribution of installed somatotypes increase the proportion of persons of pyknics constitution and the decrease of the share of persons of asthenic physique
DETERMINING THE ABNORMALITY OF BULL SPERM TAIL MORPHOLOGY USING SUPPORT VECTOR a
Get PDFAbstrak Penilaian atas ketidaknormalan spermatozoa bisa dilakukan dari sisi motilitas maupun morfologi (kepala dan ekor). Penelitian ini mengevalusi ketidaknormalan spermatozoa dari sisi morfologi bagian ekor spermatozoa sapi. Data berupa 50 citra mikroskopis spermatozoa yang diperoleh dari Loka Penelitian Sapi Potong Grati, Pasuruan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Prosedur yang ditetapkan terdiri atas beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama adalah melakukan segmentasi spermatozoa untuk memisahkan spermatozoa dari latar belakang dan memisahkan bagian ekor spermatozoa dari bagian yang lain. Selanjutnya dari hasil segmentasi dicari garis tengah ekor (skeleton) menggunakan metode medial axis transform. Berdasarkan garis tengah yang dihasilkan, dilakukan prosedur ekstraksi fitur menggunakan metode polynomial curve fitting. Kemudian, metode Support Vector Machine (SVM) digunakan untuk menentukan ketidaknormalan bentuk ekor spermatozoa. Untuk pembelajaran digunakan 25 data spermatozoa normal dan 10 data spermatozoa tidak normal. Testing kemudian dilakukan atas 15 data spermatozoa tersisa. Ketelitian SVM dalam menentukan ketidaknormalan bentuk ekor spermatozoa mencapai 73.33%. Dengan demikian ketidaknormalan bentuk ekor spermatozoa dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan SVM. Kata kunci: Ekor Sperma sapi, Morphology, Polynomial Curve Fitting, SVM. Abstract Determinining the abnormality of spermatozoa can be done by inspecting its motility or morphology (head or tail). This study examined 50 data of sperm microscopic images. The semen was obtained from Loka Penelitian Sapi Potong Grat
Trade Dynamics in the East Asian Miracle: A Time Series Analysis of U.S.-East Asia Commodity Trade, 1962-1992 Trade Dynamics in the East Asian Miracle: A Time Series Analysis of U.S.-East Asia Commodity Trade, 1962-1992
No full textAbstract We examine the composition of bilateral trade between the United States and eight Asian Pacific economies from 1962 to 1992. Two complementary time series analyses of individual commodities at the SITC four-digit level indicate that significant changes occurred in trade composition during this period. We use a measure of normalized trade balances, developed b
