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Linear Algebra and its Applications xxx (2013) xxx-xxx On integer eigenvectors and subeigenvectors in the max-plus algebra
No full textLet a ⊕ b = max(a, b) and a ⊗ b = a + b for a, b ∈ R = R ∪ {−∞} and extend these operations to matrices and vectors as in conventional algebra. We study the problems of existence and description of integer subeigenvectors (P1) and eigenvectors (P2) of a given square matrix, that is integer solutions to Ax ≤ λx and Ax = λx. It is proved that P1 can be solved as easily as the corresponding question without the integrality requirement (that is in polynomial time). An algorithm is presented for finding an integer point in the maxcolumn space of a rectangular matrix or deciding that no such vector exists. We use this algorithm to solve P2 for any matrix over R. The algorithm is shown to be pseudopolynomial for finite matrices which implies that P2 can be solved in pseudopolynomial time for any irreducible matrix. We also discuss classes of matrices for which P2 can be solved in polynomial time
Report How Dopamine Enhances an Optimism Bias in Humans
No full textSummary When predicting financial profits [1], relationship outcomes Results Humans are optimistically biased when making predictions about the future, habitually underestimating the likelihood of negative events An unresolved question is whether neuromodulators associated with generating expectations of future outcomes influence this process. A prominent candidate is the monoamine dopamine, a neuromodulator suggested to provide a teaching signal that indexes when predictions fail to align with outcome
A Review of EMG recording technique
No full textAbstract: Electromayogram signals are frequently used to evaluate muscle injuries. They are also used extensively in biofeedback training equipment. This study investigates the electrical activity of muscles and the interrelationship of muscles and nerve fibers. Muscle potentials are observed and measured on an oscilloscope. By placing electrodes in to a skeletal muscle we can monitor the electrical activity of the muscle. EMG is used to detect muscular disorder along with muscular abnormalities caused by other system disease such as nerve dysfunction. Neuro muscular disorder also can be known with the help of EMG. EMG is also used for diagnose of Neuro muscular performance. It is observed that there is alternating relationship between the contractions of biceps and triceps the relaxation of one forces the contraction of the other. EMG signals have been recorded at the various positions like point Biceps, point triceps and point contractions. The frequency range of the muscle spikes covers a bandwidth from DC to over 2 KHz. This recording belongs to a normal subject
Transitivity of the Induced Map C n (f )
No full textAbstract. A map f : X → X, where X is a continuum, is said to be transitive if for each pair U and V of nonempty open subsets of X, there exists k ∈ N such that f k (U ) ∩ V = ∅. In this paper, we show relationships between transitivity of f and its induced maps Cn(f ) and Fn(f ), for some n ∈ N. Also, we present conditions on X such that given a map f : X → X, the induced function Cn(f ) : Cn(X) → Cn(X) is not transitive, for any n ∈ N. Key words and phrases. Transitivity, Induced map, Continua, Hyperspaces of continua, Symmetric products, Continuum of type λ, Dendrites. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 54B20, 37B45, 54F50. Resumen. Una función continua f : X → X, definida en un continuo X, se dice transitiva si para cada U y V abiertos diferentes del vacío de X, existe n ∈ N, tal que f n (U ) ∩ V = ∅. En este artículo mostramos relaciones entre la transitividad de f y las funciones inducidas Cn(f ) y Fn(f ), para alguna n ∈ N. Además, presentamos condiciones sobre X para que dada una función f : X → X, la función inducida Cn(f ) : Cn(X) → Cn(X) no sea transitiva, para ninguna n ∈ N. Palabras y frases clave. Transitividad, función inducida, continuos, hiperespacios de continuos, producto simétrico, continuos tipo λ, dendritas
My Favorite Application Using Graph Eigenvalues: Graph Energy
No full textAbstract The energy of a graph G, often denoted E(G), is defined to be the sum of the absolute value of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. This graph invariant is very closely connected to a chemical quantity known as the total π-electron energy of conjugated hydrocarbon molecules. Very recently graph energy has become a quantity of interest to mathematicians, and several variations have been introduced. Here we present some of the history, basic definitions, and proof techniques used to study energy. We also list a few basic results of the field
Analysis and Commentary An Introduction to Correctional Psychiatry: Part II
No full textThis article, which is the second of three parts, provides an overview of relevant guidelines/standards for providing mental health services within a correctional setting and describes essential characteristics of mental health systems designed to meet constitutional standards. Part I 1 focuses on organizational issues within correctional mental health systems, staffing issues, and psychiatric screening1 evaluation processes
Atherosclerosis-Related Remodeling of Aortic Relaxation to Purines in the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit1
No full textABSTRACT ABBREVIATIONS: WHHL, Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic; 2-Me-S-ATP, 2-methyl-thio-ATP; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy
The collision of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter: Detection and Evolution of HCN in the stratosphere of the planet
No full textA HYBRID NETWORK FOR AUTOMATIC GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT
No full textABSTRACT A greenhouse is a building in which plants are grown in closed environment. Greenhouse management is controlling of several greenhouse. The wireless section is located in the indoor environment where great flexibility is needed, particularly in the production area of greenhouse. Instead, the wired section is mainly used in the outside area as a control backbone, to interconnect the greenhouse with the control room. An integrated wired/wireless solution is to use the advantages of both technologies by improving performances. In the wired section, a controller area network (CAN) type network has been chosen on the account of its simplicity, strongest, cheapness, and good performances. for the wireless part, a Zigbee type network has been chosen. The SCADA system is to monitor and control data in a simple way. To maintain the optimal conditions of the environment, greenhouse management requires data acquisition using the SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition)
Transarterial treatment of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: Prediction of treatment failure by clinical and angiographic parameters
No full textAbstract Background: Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a life-threatening abdominal emergency and can be treated by transarterial embolization (TAE). Rehemorrhage and poor outcome are associated with several clinical factors. This study investigated the clinical and angiographic parameters associated with treatment failure for patients with acute GIB undergoing TAE. Methods: Sixty-seven patients who had angiographic evidence of contrast extravasation and who received subsequent TAE were included in this study. Treatment failure was defined as continuous or recurrent bleeding that required surgery within 7 days after the bleeding episode and/or death within 1 month. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the clinical and angiographic parameters affecting treatment failure. Results: Patients were divided into two groups: success (n ¼ 35, 52.3%) and failure (n ¼ 32, 47.7%). In the failure group, 22 patients (68.9%) re-bled and then received surgery. With the aid of angiographic localization, 68.2% (15 of 22 patients) survived after surgery. The other 10 patients who did not receive surgery died within 30 days. Several clinical and angiographic parameters analyzed by multivariate analysis were associated with treatment failure ( p < 0.05), including presence of coagulopathy [odds ratio (OR), 14.7], number of supplying arteries >1 (OR, 13.2), and a distance of >5 cm (OR, 6.3) during TAE. Conclusion: Angiographic parameters associated with treatment failure in patients undergoing TAE are established when the number of supplying arteries is >1, and a distance of >5 cm. Patients with these risk factors should be watched carefully for recurrence in the postprocedural period