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Carbon prices for the next hundred years
No full textAbstract This paper examines the socially optimal pricing of carbon emissions over time when climate-change impacts are unknown, potentially high-consequence events. The carbon price tends to increase with income. But learning about impacts, or their absence, decouples the carbon price from income growth. The price should grow faster than the economy if the past warming is not substantial enough for learning the true long-run social cost. It grows slower than the economy as soon as the warming generates information about events that could have arrived but have not done so. A quantitative assessment shows that the price grows roughly at the rate of the economy for the next 100 years
Adaptive Estimation in Weighted Group Testing
Get PDFAbstract-We consider a generalization of the problem of estimating the support size of a hidden subset S of a universe U from samples. This framework falls under the group testing [1] and the conditional sampling model
MULTIPLE PION AND KAON PRODUCTION IN HIGH-ENERGY NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS: MEASUREMENTS VERSUS SPECIFIC MODELS
Get PDFThe pion and kaon rapidity densities and the nature of kaon-pion ratios offer two very prominent and crucial physical observables on which modestly sufficient data for heavy nucleus collisions are available to date. In the light of two sets of models -one purely phenomenological and the other with a modest degree of a dynamical basis -we try to examine the state of agreement between calculations and experimental results obtainable from the past and the latest measurements. Impact and implications of all these would also finally be spelt out. PACS numbers: 13.85.Ni, 12.38.Mh UDC 529.12
Protecting the right to personal liberty in Namibia: Constitutional, delictual and comparative perspectives
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SUGAR BEET RESPONSE TO BALANCED NITROGEN FERTILIZATION WITH PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM PART I. DYNAMICS OF BEET YIELD DEVELOPMENT
No full textAbstract BARLOG, P., W. GRZEBISZ, K. PEPLINSKI and W. SZCZEPANIAK, 2013. Sugar beet response to balanced nitrogen fertilization with phosphorus and potassium. Part I. Dynamics of beet yield development. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 19: 1311-1318 The objective of the conducted study was to determine the effect of various levels of P, K under the background of constant N rate on dynamics of sugar beet root yield. The field trial, arranged as a factorial design, was consisted of eight treatments: N 0 P 0 K 0 ; N 0 P 1 K 1 ; N 1 P 0 K 1 ; N 1 P 1 K 0 ; N 1 P 0.25 K 0.25 ; N 1 P 0.5 K 1 ; N 1 P 1 K 1 and N 1 P 1 K 1 +Ca; where 1 is recommended level of N, P, K application and Ca means that phosphorus applied as partially acidulated phosphoric rock (PAPR). The in-season yield sampling was conducted at 92, 113, 134, 155 and 175 th day after sowing. The highest degree of yield potential realization revealed in the year with favourable weather conditions. The highest yield was harvested on the plot fertilized with N 1 P 1 K 1 +Ca. In years with extended drought, sugar beet achieved the maximum yield in the treatment N 1 P 0.25 K 0.25 . Phosphorus revealed as the key yield forming factors, i.e., limiting N unit productivity. The maximum productivity of N occurred in treatments with full P rate, especially when P fertilizer was applied as the PAPR. However, phosphorus yield forming action depended on weather conditions in the mead-season and P fertilizer rate. The first factor, affecting N and K supply to sugar beet during the mead-season, was responsible for the size of the beetroot, considered as the sugar storage. Any drought, negatively impacting its size, in turn decreases P yield forming action, which appears in the late-season. The maximal exploitation of sugar beet yielding potential is, therefore, possible provided water is not a factor limiting sugar beet growth in the mead-season and P in late-season. Nevertheless, in farming practice, the lack of favourable growth conditions should not be a reason for development a sugar beet fertilizing strategy, based on reduced P and K rates
Age-Related Differences in Neuropathic Pain Behavior and Spinal Microglial Activity after L5 Spinal Nerve Ligation in Male Rats A B S T R A C T
No full textIntroduction: Several studies have reported the involvement of age-related changes in the development of neuropathic pain behaviors. However, limited data are available on the role of age in establishing and maintaining chronic neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Methods: In the present study, we examined age-related neuropathic behavior among rats in 4 age groups: pups (4 weeks old; weight, 60-80 g), juvenile rats (6 weeks old; weight, 120-140 g), and mature rats (10-12 weeks old; weight, 200-250 g). Because the exact contribution of spinal microglia and its association with the development of neuropathic pain remains unknown, we also evaluated the expression of spinal Iba1, a microglial marker, by using western blotting before and 5 days after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) as well as after the daily IP administration of minocycline (30 mg/kg). Results: Our results showed that SNL-induced mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia in mature rats but not in pups (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The expression of spinal Iba1 in the juvenile rats was significantly lower than that in pups and mature rats (P<0.01). Moreover, administration of minocycline decreased the expression of spinal Iba1 in the pup rats more than in juvenile rats (P<0.001) and in the juvenile rats more than in the mature rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that the development of neuropathic behaviors and microglial activation after SNL could be age dependent
Erection capability is potentiated by longterm sildenafil treatment: role of blood flow-induced endothelial nitric-oxide synthase phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol 2005;68:226–32
No full textABSTRACT Despite demonstrated clinical efficacy of sildenafil for the temporary treatment of erectile dysfunction, the possibility that sildenafil used long-term durably augments erectile ability remains unclear. We investigated whether continuous long-term administration of sildenafil at clinically relevant levels to aged rats "primes" the penis for improved erectile ability and involves nitric oxide (NO) or RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathways. In aged, but not young rats, sildenafil prolonged erection and increased the protein expressions of phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at serine-1177 and phosphorylated Akt at serine-473 in penes. Only in the young rat penis, protein expressions of phosphodiesterase-5 and phosphomyosin phosphatase target subunit 1, a marker of Rho-kinase activity, were increased by sildenafil. Sildenafil inhibited phosphodiesterase-5 activity in penes of young and aged rats coincident with assayed free plasma levels of the drug equivalent to clinically therapeutic measurements. We conclude that erectile ability can be enhanced under preconditions of erectile impairment by long-term inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 and that the effect is mediated by Akt-dependent eNOS phosphorylation. The lack of erectile ability enhancement in young rats by long-term phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition may relate to restrained NO signaling by phosphodiesterase-5 up-regulation, lack of incremental Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and heightened Rho-kinase signaling in the penis
Tribotest journal 3-2
No full textAbstract Keywords static friction, brake, testing, materials, properties, time-dependence, creep lNTRODUCTlON Two basic functions are essential for any friction brake in mechanical systems: the first is to provide controlled deceleration; the second, equally important, function is to keep the mechanical system in the rest position as long as required. The latter function is particularly important in installations such as cranes, elevators and mining winding machines, since rapid changes of torque take place as a result of the unloading and loading actions during the rest period. The values of static friction forces are crucial in maintaining the rest position of the mechanical systems. The static friction forces, on the other hand, are determined by the coefficient of static friction and the clamp forces on the brake shoes
The Effect of Drying Parameters on the Quality of Pork and Poultry-Pork Kabanosy Produced according to the Traditional Specialties Guaranteed Recipe
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of differentiated air relative humidity during the drying process on selected quality features of TSG (traditional specialties guaranteed) pork and poultry-pork kabanosy. After heat treatment and 24-hour cooling at 4-6 ∘ C, the products were placed in three chambers at 15 ∘ C with differentiated air relative humidity: 60, 70, and 80%, respectively. The drying process was carried out until all variants of kabanosy achieved the required final yield of the product (<68%). Color components, water activity and shear force, water, protein, fat, and salt content, and the TBARS indicator values were determined. The drying process might be shortened (∼50%) by a reduction of humidity in the drying chamber from 80 to 60%. The changes in the content of chemical components in pork kabanosy compared to poultry-pork ones demonstrated the different dynamics of the drying of the two types of kabanosy and the need for the selection of optimum drying conditions relative to raw material composition